Malaria Detection Using Advanced Deep Learning Architecture

Sensors, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 23(3), P. 1501 - 1501

Published: Jan. 29, 2023

Malaria is a life-threatening disease caused by parasites that are transmitted to humans through the bites of infected mosquitoes. The early diagnosis and treatment malaria crucial for reducing morbidity mortality rates, particularly in developing countries where prevalent. In this article, we present novel convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture detecting from blood samples with 99.68% accuracy. Our method outperforms existing approaches terms both accuracy speed, making it promising tool resource-limited settings. CNN was trained on large dataset smears able accurately classify uninfected high sensitivity specificity. Additionally, an analysis model performance different subtypes discuss implications our findings use deep learning infectious diagnosis.

Language: Английский

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The emerging role of ferroptosis in non-cancer liver diseases: hype or increasing hope?

Cell Death and Disease, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11(7)

Published: July 9, 2020

Ferroptosis is an iron- and lipotoxicity-dependent form of regulated cell death (RCD). It morphologically biochemically distinct from characteristics other death. This modality has been intensively investigated in recent years due to its involvement a wide array pathologies, including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, acute kidney injury. Dysregulation ferroptosis also linked various liver diseases modification may provide hopeful attractive therapeutic concept. Indeed, targeting prevent the pathophysiological progression several such as hemochromatosis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, ethanol-induced On contrary, enhancing promote sorafenib-induced pave way for combination therapy hepatocellular carcinoma. Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4) system xc- have identified key players mediate pathway. More recently diverse signaling pathways observed. The connection between forms RCD intricate compelling, where discoveries this field advance our understanding survival fate. In review, we summarize central molecular machinery ferroptosis, describe role non-cancer hepatic disease conditions discuss potential manipulate strategy.

Language: Английский

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Plasmodium falciparum malaria drives epigenetic reprogramming of human monocytes toward a regulatory phenotype

PLoS Pathogens, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 17(4), P. e1009430 - e1009430

Published: April 6, 2021

In malaria-naïve children and adults, Plasmodium falciparum -infected red blood cells ( Pf -iRBCs) trigger fever other symptoms of systemic inflammation. However, in endemic areas where individuals experience repeated infections over many years, the risk -iRBC-triggered inflammatory decreases with cumulative exposure. The molecular mechanisms underlying these clinical observations remain unclear. Age-stratified analyses uninfected, asymptomatic Malian before malaria season revealed that monocytes adults produced lower levels cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6 TNF) response to -iRBC stimulation compared U.S. adults. Moreover, IL-1β following 4–6-month-old infants. Accordingly, more IL-10 expressed higher regulatory molecules CD163, CD206, Arginase-1 TGM2. These were recapitulated an vitro system monocyte macrophage differentiation wherein macrophages re-exposed -iRBCs exhibited attenuated cytokine responses a corresponding decrease epigenetic marker active gene transcription, H3K4me3, at loci. Together data indicate induces reprogramming monocytes/macrophages toward phenotype attenuates during subsequent Trial Registration : ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01322581 .

Language: Английский

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Live imaging of the Cryptosporidium parvum life cycle reveals direct development of male and female gametes from type I meronts

PLoS Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 20(4), P. e3001604 - e3001604

Published: April 18, 2022

Cryptosporidium is a leading infectious cause of diarrhea around the world associated with waterborne outbreaks, community spread, or zoonotic transmission. The parasite has significant impact on early childhood mortality, and infection both consequence malnutrition stunting. There currently no vaccine, treatment options are very limited. member Apicomplexa, and, as typical for this, protist phylum relies asexual sexual reproduction. In contrast to other including malaria Plasmodium, entire life cycle unfolds in single host less than 3 days. Here, we establish model image progression living cells observe, track, compare nuclear division stage parasites. We length sequence cell cycles all stages map developmental fate parasites across multiple rounds invasion egress. propose that executes an intrinsic program generations replication, followed by generation independent environmental stimuli. find evidence morphologically distinct intermediate (the tetraploid type II meront) but demonstrate direct development gametes from 8N I meronts. progeny each meront collectively committed either fate, but, importantly, meronts give rise males females. define matching Tyzzer's original description inconsistent coccidian now shown many textbooks.

Language: Английский

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Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1: More than a Leukocyte Adhesion Molecule

Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(5), P. 743 - 743

Published: May 19, 2023

Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) is a transmembrane protein in the immunoglobulin superfamily expressed on surface of multiple cell populations and upregulated by inflammatory stimuli. It mediates cellular adhesive interactions binding to β2 integrins macrophage antigen leukocyte function-associated 1, as well other ligands. has important roles immune system, including endothelium transendothelial migration, at immunological synapse formed between lymphocytes antigen-presenting cells. ICAM-1 also been implicated pathophysiology diverse diseases from cardiovascular autoimmune disorders, certain infections, cancer. In this review, we summarize current understanding structure regulation ICAM1 gene protein. We discuss normal system selection highlight breadth often double-edged nature its functions. Finally, therapeutics opportunities for advancements.

Language: Английский

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Malaria: An Overview

Infection and Drug Resistance, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: Volume 16, P. 3339 - 3347

Published: May 1, 2023

Malaria is a global public health burden with an estimated 229 million cases reported worldwide in 2019. About 94% of the were recorded African region. 200 different species protozoa have been identified so far and among them, at least 13 are known to be pathogenic humans. The life cycle malaria parasite complex process comprising Anopheles mosquito vertebrate host. Its pathophysiology characterized by fever secondary rupture erythrocytes, macrophage ingestion merozoites, and/or presence antigen-presenting trophozoites circulation or spleen which mediates release tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). can diagnosed through clinical observation signs symptoms disease. Other diagnostic techniques used diagnose microscopic detection parasites from blood smears antigen-based rapid tests. management involves preventive curative approaches. Since untreated uncomplicated progress severe malaria. To prevent delay spread antimalarial drug resistance, WHO recommends use combination therapy for all episodes two effective agents having mechanism action. Centers Disease Control (CDC) emphasizes that there no prophylactic agent 100%. Therefore, prophylaxis shall augmented personal protective measures.

Language: Английский

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Sexual differentiation in human malaria parasites is regulated by competition between phospholipid metabolism and histone methylation

Nature Microbiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 8(7), P. 1280 - 1292

Published: June 5, 2023

Language: Английский

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Host-parasite interactions during Plasmodium infection: Implications for immunotherapies

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Jan. 4, 2023

Malaria is a global infectious disease that remains leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the developing world. Multiple environmental host parasite factors govern clinical outcomes malaria. The immune response against Plasmodium heterogenous stage-specific both human mosquito vector. virulence predominantly associated with its ability to evade host’s response. Despite availability drug-based therapies, parasites can acquire drug resistance due high antigenic variations allelic polymorphisms. lack licensed vaccines infection necessitates development effective, safe successful therapeutics. To design an effective vaccine, it important study evasion strategies proteins, which are targets This review provides overview defense mechanisms during infection. Furthermore, we also summarize discuss current progress various anti-malarial vaccine approaches, along antibody-based therapy involving monoclonal antibodies, research advancements host-directed therapy, together open new avenues for novel immunotherapies malaria transmission.

Language: Английский

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Insights into the Biology of Leucocytozoon Species (Haemosporida, Leucocytozoidae): Why Is There Slow Research Progress on Agents of Leucocytozoonosis?

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(5), P. 1251 - 1251

Published: May 9, 2023

Blood parasites of the genus Leucocytozoon (Leucocytozoidae) only inhabit birds and represent a readily distinct evolutionary branch haemosporidians (Haemosporida, Apicomplexa). Some species cause pathology even severe leucocytozoonosis in avian hosts, including poultry. The diversity pathogens is remarkable, with over 1400 genetic lineages detected, most which, however, have not been identified to level. At most, approximately 45 morphologically described, but few associated molecular data. This unfortunate because basic information about named recognized essential for better understanding phylogenetically closely related leucocytozoids that are known by DNA sequence. Despite much research on haemosporidian during past 30 years, there has progress taxonomy, vectors, patterns transmission, pathogenicity, other aspects biology these cosmopolitan bird pathogens. study reviewed available species, particular attention some obstacles prevent leucocytozoids. Major gaps current discussed, possible approaches suggested resolve issues limited practical parasitological studies

Language: Английский

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Targeting Bottlenecks in Malaria Transmission: Antibody‐Epitope Descriptions Guide the Design of Next‐Generation Biomedical Interventions

Immunological Reviews, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 330(1)

Published: Feb. 5, 2025

ABSTRACT Malaria continues to pose a significant burden global health. Thus, strong need exists for the development of diverse panel intervention strategies and modalities combat malaria achieve elimination eradication goals. Deploying interventions that target bottlenecks in transmission life cycle causative agent malaria, Plasmodium parasites, is an attractive strategy. The highly potent antibody‐based biologics, including vaccines, can be greatly facilitated by in‐depth molecular understanding antibody‐epitope interactions. Here, we provide overview structurally characterized antibodies targeting lead vaccine candidates expressed during which include pre‐erythrocytic sexual stages. repeat region circumsporozoite protein (CSP), domain 1 Pfs230 domains 3 Pfs48/45 are critical regions targeted most at two transmission, with other promising targets emerging requiring further characterization.

Language: Английский

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