Widespread exposure to SARS-CoV-2 in wildlife communities DOI Creative Commons
Amanda R. Goldberg, Kate E. Langwig, Katherine L. Brown

et al.

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: July 29, 2024

Pervasive SARS-CoV-2 infections in humans have led to multiple transmission events animals. While has a potential broad wildlife host range, most documented been captive animals and single species, the white-tailed deer. The full extent of exposure among communities factors that influence risk remain unknown. We sampled 23 species for examined effects urbanization human use on seropositivity. Here, we document positive detections RNA six including deer mouse, Virginia opossum, raccoon, groundhog, Eastern cottontail, red bat between May 2022-September 2023 across Washington, D.C., USA. In addition, found sites with high activity had three times higher seroprevalence than low human-use areas. obtained genomic sequences from nine individuals which were assigned seven Pango lineages Omicron variant. close match variants circulating at time suggests least recent human-to-animal events. Our data support widespread areas may serve as points contact cross-species transmission.

Language: Английский

A molnupiravir-associated mutational signature in global SARS-CoV-2 genomes DOI Creative Commons
Theo Sanderson, Ryan Hisner, I’ah Donovan-Banfield

et al.

Nature, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 623(7987), P. 594 - 600

Published: Sept. 25, 2023

Molnupiravir, an antiviral medication widely used against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), acts by inducing mutations in the virus genome during replication. Most random are likely to be deleterious and many will lethal; thus, molnupiravir-induced elevated mutation rates reduce viral load1,2. However, if some patients treated with molnupiravir do not fully clear SARS-CoV-2 infections, there could potential for onward transmission of molnupiravir-mutated viruses. Here we show that sequencing databases contain extensive evidence mutagenesis. Using a systematic approach, find specific class long phylogenetic branches, distinguished high proportion G-to-A C-to-T mutations, found almost exclusively sequences from 2022, after introduction treatment, countries age groups widespread use drug. We identify mutational spectrum, preferred nucleotide contexts, viruses known have been its signature matches seen these cases molnupiravir-derived lineages. Finally, analyse treatment records confirm direct association between branches molnupiravir.

Language: Английский

Citations

119
SARS-CoV-2 evolution in the Omicron era DOI
Cornelius Roemer, Daniel J. Sheward, Ryan Hisner

et al.

Nature Microbiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 8(11), P. 1952 - 1959

Published: Oct. 16, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

77
Convergent evolution of SARS-CoV-2 XBB lineages on receptor-binding domain 455–456 synergistically enhances antibody evasion and ACE2 binding DOI Creative Commons
Fanchong Jian, Leilei Feng, Sijie Yang

et al.

PLoS Pathogens, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 19(12), P. e1011868 - e1011868

Published: Dec. 20, 2023

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) XBB lineages have achieved dominance worldwide and keep on evolving. Convergent evolution of the receptor-binding domain (RBD) L455F F456L is observed, resulting in variants with substantial growth advantages, such as EG.5, FL.1.5.1, XBB.1.5.70, HK.3. Here, we show that neutralizing antibody (NAb) evasion drives convergent F456L, while epistatic shift caused by enables subsequent convergence through ACE2 binding enhancement further immune evasion. evade RBD-targeting Class 1 public NAbs, reducing neutralization efficacy breakthrough infection (BTI) reinfection convalescent plasma. Importantly, single substitution significantly dampens receptor binding; however, combination forms an adjacent residue flipping, which leads to enhanced NAbs resistance affinity. The perturbed mode exceptional NAb evasion, revealed structural analyses. Our results indicate flexibility contributed epistasis cannot be underestimated, potential SARS-CoV-2 RBD remains high.

Language: Английский

Citations

70
Persistent SARS-CoV-2 infection: significance and implications DOI Creative Commons
Heather Machkovech, Anne M. Hahn, Jacqueline Garonzik‐Wang

et al.

The Lancet Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24(7), P. e453 - e462

Published: Feb. 7, 2024

SARS-CoV-2 causes persistent infections in a subset of individuals, which is major clinical and public health problem that should be prioritised for further investigation several reasons. First, infection often goes unrecognised, therefore might affect substantial number people, particularly immunocompromised individuals. Second, the formation tissue reservoirs (including non-respiratory tissues) underlie pathophysiology require new strategies diagnosis treatment. Finally, replication, setting suboptimal immune responses, possible source new, divergent virus variants escape pre-existing immunity on individual population levels. Defining optimal diagnostic treatment patients with replication monitoring viral evolution are urgent medical priorities.

Language: Английский

Citations

62
SARS-CoV-2 and innate immunity: the good, the bad, and the “goldilocks” DOI Creative Commons
Benjamín L. Sievers, Mark T. K. Cheng,

Kata Csiba

et al.

Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 21(2), P. 171 - 183

Published: Nov. 20, 2023

Abstract An ancient conflict between hosts and pathogens has driven the innate adaptive arms of immunity. Knowledge about this interplay can not only help us identify biological mechanisms but also reveal pathogen vulnerabilities that be leveraged therapeutically. The humoral response to SARS-CoV-2 infection been focus intense research, role immune system received significantly less attention. Here, we review current knowledge various means employs evade defense systems. We consider immunity in vaccines phenomenon long COVID.

Language: Английский

Citations

48
Editorial: A Rapid Global Increase in COVID-19 is Due to the Emergence of the EG.5 (Eris) Subvariant of Omicron SARS-CoV-2 DOI Creative Commons

Dinah V. Parums

Medical Science Monitor, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 29

Published: Aug. 22, 2023

A new variant of SARS-CoV-2 has currently achieved global domination.EG.5 (Eris) was first reported by the World Health Organization (WHO) on February 17, 2023, and designated as a under monitoring (VUM) July 19, 2023.EG.5 (Eris), its sublineages, EG.5.1, EG.5.1.1,and EG.5.2, is descendent lineage XBB.1.9.2, which same spike amino acid profile XBB.1.5(Kraken).However, EG.5 an additional F456L mutation in protein compared to these parent subvariants, subvariant EG.5.1 another mutation, Q52H.Following risk evaluation WHO, sublineages were interest (VOI) August 8, 2023.In US, Centers for Disease Control Prevention (CDC) provides two-weekly data incidence mortality from COVID-19 variants.The most recent CDC showed increase cases past two weeks, with hospitalizations increasing 14.3% rising 8.3%.In common have been due three Omicron variants: (20.6%);FL.1.5.1 (Fornax) (13.3%); XBB.1.16(Arcturus) (10.7%).This Editorial aims highlight importance rapid virus genomic sequencing continued surveillance identify rapidly emerging variants, such (Eris).

Language: Английский

Citations

45
SARS-CoV-2 evolution from the BA.2.86 to JN.1 variants: unexpected consequences DOI
Xinling Wang, Lu Lu, Shibo Jiang

et al.

Trends in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 45(2), P. 81 - 84

Published: Jan. 31, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

35
Severity of Respiratory Syncytial Virus vs COVID-19 and Influenza Among Hospitalized US Adults DOI Creative Commons
Diya Surie, Katharine A. Yuengling,

Jennifer DeCuir

et al.

JAMA Network Open, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 7(4), P. e244954 - e244954

Published: April 4, 2024

Importance On June 21, 2023, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommended first respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccines adults aged 60 years older using shared clinical decision-making. Understanding severity of RSV disease in can help guide this Objective To describe among hospitalized with compare it COVID-19 influenza by vaccination status. Design, Setting, Participants In cohort study, 18 admitted to hospital acute illness laboratory-confirmed RSV, SARS-CoV-2, or infection were prospectively enrolled from 25 hospitals 20 US states February 1, 2022, May 31, 2023. Clinical data during each patient’s hospitalization collected standardized forms. Data analyzed August October Exposures infection. Main Outcomes Measures Using multivariable logistic regression, was compared severity, status, a range outcomes, including composite invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) in-hospital death. Results Of 7998 (median [IQR] age, 67 [54-78] years; 4047 [50.6%] female) included, 484 (6.1%) 6422 (80.3%) COVID-19, 1092 (13.7%) influenza. Among patients 58 (12.0%) experienced IMV death, 201 1422 unvaccinated (14.1%) 458 5000 vaccinated (9.2%), as well 72 699 (10.3%) 393 (5.1%). adjusted analyses, odds death not significantly different (adjusted ratio [aOR], 0.82; 95% CI, 0.59-1.13; P = .22) (aOR, 1.20; 0.82-1.76; .35); however, higher 1.38; 1.02-1.86; .03) 2.81; 1.62-4.86; < .001). Conclusions Relevance 16 months before vaccine recommendations, less common but similar more severe than most serious outcomes

Language: Английский

Citations

25
Randomized controlled trial of molnupiravir SARS-CoV-2 viral and antibody response in at-risk adult outpatients DOI Creative Commons
Joseph F. Standing, Laura Buggiotti, José Afonso Guerra‐Assunção

et al.

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Feb. 23, 2024

Abstract Viral clearance, antibody response and the mutagenic effect of molnupiravir has not been elucidated in at-risk populations. Non-hospitalised participants within 5 days SARS-CoV-2 symptoms randomised to receive (n = 253) or Usual Care 324) were recruited study viral dynamics on whole genome sequence from 1437 genomes. Molnupiravir accelerates load decline, but virus is detectable by Day most cases. At 14 (9 post-treatment), associated with significantly higher persistence lower anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike titres compared Care. Serial sequencing reveals increased mutagenesis treatment. Persistence RNA at group transition mutations following treatment cessation. viability similar both groups post-molnupiravir treated samples cultured up 9 post cessation The current 5-day course too short. Longer courses should be tested reduce risk potentially transmissible molnupiravir-mutated variants being generated. Trial registration: ISRCTN30448031

Language: Английский

Citations

21
Proactive vaccination using multiviral Quartet Nanocages to elicit broad anti-coronavirus responses DOI Creative Commons
Rory A. Hills, Tiong Kit Tan, Alexander A. Cohen

et al.

Nature Nanotechnology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 19(8), P. 1216 - 1223

Published: May 6, 2024

Abstract Defending against future pandemics requires vaccine platforms that protect across a range of related pathogens. Nanoscale patterning can be used to address this issue. Here, we produce quartets linked receptor-binding domains (RBDs) from panel SARS-like betacoronaviruses, coupled computationally designed nanocage through SpyTag/SpyCatcher links. These Quartet Nanocages, possessing branched morphology, induce high level neutralizing antibodies several different coronaviruses, including viruses not represented in the vaccine. Equivalent antibody responses are raised RBDs close or at tips nanoparticle’s branches. In animals primed with SARS-CoV-2 Spike, boost immunizations Nanocages increase strength and breadth an otherwise narrow immune response. A Nanocage Omicron XBB.1.5 ‘Kraken’ RBD induced binding broad sarbecoviruses, as well activity variant concern. nanocages nanomedicine approach potential confer heterotypic protection emergent zoonotic pathogens facilitate proactive pandemic protection.

Language: Английский

Citations

18