Assessing the detection and interaction of Lawsonia intracellularis and porcine circovirus 2 in low and high-performance wean-to-finish pig groups in different porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus detection scenarios

Frontiers in Veterinary Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Jan. 15, 2025

Effective disease management strategies are essential for achieving optimal pig performance, ensuring high-quality animal health and welfare, maintaining the economic viability of swine systems. Thus, understanding factors that lead to more or less severe critically important. Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) Lawsonia intracellularis (L. intracellularis) endemic pathogens in U.S., affecting herds with varying degrees subclinical clinical impact on performance. While these common pathogens, their interaction PRRSV performance has seldom been investigated. This study investigated detection dynamics L. intracellularis, PRRSV, PCV2, association productivity impacts wean-to-finish groups within a Midwest U.S. production system. observational field involved batches growing pigs from PRRSV-stable PRRSV-negative sow farms. Oral fluids were collected longitudinally weaning until market age, tested using quantitative PCR each aforementioned pathogens. The included 36 total 46,446 pigs, resulting 4,000 oral fluid samples. Then, categorized based key indicators (mortality average daily gain), timing genomic copies pathogen. Nineteen characterized as high-performance seventeen low-performance. Mortality ranged 5 9% 10.3-20.9% low-performance groups. Average gain 0.68-0.86 kg 0.63-0.81 PCV2 detected most groups, significant differences rates between high Groups relatively had presented higher mortality (15.75%). expanded our co-detections populations.

Language: Английский

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Research Progress on the Correlation between Gut Microbes and Its Metabolites and Colorectal Cancer

Medical Diagnosis, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(01), P. 38 - 45

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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A gut Eggerthella lenta –derived metabolite impairs neutrophil function to aggravate bacterial lung infection

Science Translational Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(787)

Published: Feb. 26, 2025

The composition of the gut microbiota in patients with bronchiectasis has been proven to be distinct from that healthy individuals, and this disrupted can exacerbate lung infections. However, responsible microbes mechanisms “gut-lung” axis remain unknown. Here, we report Eggerthella lenta was enriched gut, taurine ursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) both guts sera bronchiectasis, being associated disease severity. Fecal transfer as well administration E. independently exacerbated pulmonary Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections murine models. –associated TUDCA bound adenosine monophosphate–activated protein kinase (AMPK) within neutrophils interfered interaction between liver B1 AMPK, a consequential decrease AMPK phosphorylation. This ultimately reduced ATP production neutrophils, inhibited their function, compromised P. elimination lung, aggravating tissue injury. Metformin treatment improved severity outcome mouse In sum, bacterium raises stakes bacterial infection because it causes dysfunction circulated serum via metabolite TUDCA. Interventions targeting or phosphorylation may serve adjunctive strategies complement existing approaches for managing chronic other respiratory states.

Language: Английский

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Lung microbiota: implications and interactions in chronic pulmonary diseases

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Aug. 19, 2024

The lungs, as vital organs in the human body, continuously engage gas exchange with external environment. lung microbiota, a critical component maintaining internal homeostasis, significantly influences onset and progression of diseases. Beneficial interactions between host its microbial community are essential for preserving host’s health, whereas disease development is often linked to dysbiosis or alterations community. Evidence has demonstrated that changes microbiota contribute major chronic diseases, including obstructive pulmonary (COPD), idiopathic fibrosis (IPF), asthma, cancer. However, in-depth mechanistic studies constrained by small scale susceptibility environmental pollutants other factors, leaving many questions unanswered. This review examines recent research on well methodological advancements studying summarizing ways which impacts diseases introducing methods investigating microbiota.

Language: Английский

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Evidence of Lung-Gut Co-Treatment: Total Saponins of Siraitiae Fructus Alleviate Lung and Intestinal Injuries in Acute Lung-Injured Rats and Influenza Virus-Infected Mice by Regulating Cytokines and Enhancing Mucosal Barrier

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Ethnopharmacological relevanceSiraitiae Fructus (SF) is the dried fruit of Siraitia grosuenorii (Swingle) C. Jeffreyex A. M. Lu et Z. Y. Zhang, a medicinal and edible material commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for treating cough with lung heat, sore throat, constipation, which contains saponins, flavonoids, polysaccharides. However, effective substances dissipating moistening lungs intestines, promoting defecation are still unknown.Aim studyThis study aimed to reveal that exert "lung-gut co-treatment" Siraitiae Fructus.MethodsIn this study, three fractions were separated from aqueous extract (SFE), named total saponins (SFTS), polysaccharides (SFP), low-polarity (SFLS), their efficacy was evaluated. Then, effectiveness SFTS further assessed using mice-infected Influenza A virus (IAV). Finally, quantitative analysis nine characteristic components performed based on UPLC-TQ-MS/MS.ResultsSFE could alleviate colon injury lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung-injured rats. Compared SFLS SFP, more advantageous regulating IL-1β IL-17A serum, W/D TNF-α tissues, IL-1β, tissues. In addition, improve survival IAV mice pneumonia enterocolitis. The showed Mogroside V (399.728 mg/g) 11-O-Mogroside (202.660 accounted 60.23% SFTS.ConclusionSFTS considered as active fraction SFE effectively dissipates moistens intestine, promotes defecation, reflecting theory. caused by LPS/influenza infection recovering intestinal mucosal barrier, alleviating immune response, decreasing expression inflammatory cytokines body's circulation.

Language: Английский

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Total Saponins from Siraitiae Fructus Alleviate Lung and Intestinal Injuries in Rats with Acute Lung Injury and Mice Infected with the Influenza Virus by Regulating Cytokines and Enhancing the Mucosal Barrier

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Burn inhalation injury and intubation with dexamethasone-eluting endotracheal tubes modulate local microbiome and alter airway inflammation

Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Feb. 26, 2025

Inhalation injuries, caused by exposure to extreme heat and chemical irritants, lead complications with speaking, swallowing, breathing. This study investigates the effects of thermal injury endotracheal tube (ETT) placement on airway microbiome inflammatory response. A secondary aim is assess impact localized dexamethasone delivery via a drug-eluting ETT reduce laryngeal scarring. was developed in swine administering heated air (150°C-160°C) under endoscopic visualization. Following injury, segments regular or dexamethasone-loaded tubes (ETTs) were placed injured airways for 3 7 days. Computed tomography (CT) scans used narrowing post-injury. Biofilm formation ETTs investigated using micro-CT microscopy. The analyzed 16S rRNA sequencing. Inflammatory markers quantified an immunoassay macrophage populations tissue assessed CD86 CD206 staining. Tracheal tissues also histologically examined epithelial thickness, collagen area, mucin production. CT confirmed post-injury, particularly around sites. more extensive dexamethasone-coated at later timepoints. Beta diversity analysis revealed significant shifts microbial composition related type (R2 = 0.04, p < 0.05) duration 0.22, 0.05). Differential abundance demonstrated positive log fold changes genera such as Bergeriella, Peptostreptococcus, Bacteriodes over time. IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-1β elevated dexamethasone-ETT groups days, then decreased Macrophage significantly greater compared days (p 0.002 0.0213, respectively). Epithelial thickness burn-injured 0.027). Thermal inhalation inflammation, structural integrity, composition. Dexamethasone-eluting ETTs, intended increased biofilm cytokine levels, suggesting complex interactions between drug coating host immune shifted specific taxa thriving inflamed environment.

Language: Английский

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Air Pollution-Associated Rhinitis: Exploring the Preventive Role of Nutritional Supplements Against Particulate Matter-Induced Inflammation

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(5), P. 829 - 829

Published: Feb. 27, 2025

Air pollution, particularly particulate matter (PM), poses a significant health risk worldwide, with rhinitis emerging as prevalent respiratory condition. This review explores the association between air pollution and rhinitis, focusing on PM-induced inflammation potential preventive role of nutritional supplements. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed Scopus databases, covering studies from inception to 2024 that investigated interventions. synthesizes evidence linking PM exposure increased prevalence exacerbation through various inflammatory mechanisms. We further examine supplements, including kefir peptides, lactoferrin, vitamin D, polyunsaturated fatty acids, probiotics, in mitigating symptoms. However, regarding these supplements modulating immune responses reducing related is limited. highlights efficacy interventions preventing managing pollution-associated offering complementary approach environmental regulations addressing this public challenge.

Language: Английский

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The Microbiome in Asthma Heterogeneity: The Role of Multi‐Omic Investigations

Immunological Reviews, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 330(1)

Published: March 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Asthma is one of the most prevalent and extensively studied chronic respiratory conditions, yet heterogeneity asthma remains biologically puzzling. Established factors like exogenous exposures treatment adherence contribute to variability in risk clinical outcomes. It also clear that endogenous genetics immune system response patterns play key roles asthma. Despite significant existing knowledge above, divergent trajectories outcomes are still observed, even among individuals with similar profiles, biomarkers, optimal medical management. This suggests uncaptured biological interactions asthma's heterogeneity, for which role host microbiota has lately attracted much research attention. review will highlight recent evidence this area, focusing on bedside‐to‐bench investigations have leveraged omic technologies uncover microbiome links immunobiology. Studies centered use multi‐omics noted particular. These represent a new generation reverse‐translational revealing potential functional crosstalk microbiomes may drive phenotypic diseases Multi‐omic data offer wide lens into ecosystem within host. informs hypotheses experimental work elucidate mechanistic pathways unresolved endotypes. Further incorporation patient‐centered can yield insights hopefully lead more precise, microbiome‐informed strategies reduce burden.

Language: Английский

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Intestinal-pulmonary axis: a ‘Force For Good’ against respiratory viral infections

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: March 18, 2025

Respiratory viral infections are a major global public health concern, and current antiviral therapies still have limitations. In recent years, research has revealed significant similarities between the immune systems of gut lungs, which interact through complex physiological network known as "gut-lung axis." As one largest organs, gut, along with forms an inter-organ network, strong parallels in innate mechanisms, such activation pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Furthermore, microbiota influences responses lungs mechanisms systemic transport microbiota-derived metabolites, cell migration, cytokine regulation. Studies shown that dysbiosis can exacerbate severity respiratory may impact efficacy therapies. This review discusses synergistic role gut-lung axis immunity against viruses explores potential strategies for modulating to mitigate infections. Future should focus on drive development novel clinical treatment strategies.

Language: Английский

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