The biology and chemistry of a mutualism between a soil bacterium and a mycorrhizal fungus

Current Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 34(21), P. 4934 - 4950.e8

Published: Oct. 7, 2024

Highlights•B. velezensis colonizes the entire mycelial network more efficiently than roots•Bacillus uses fungal hyphae as highways for soil invasion and to colonize new plant•The lipopeptide surfactin plays key roles in chemical ecology of interaction•The microbial partnership enhances systemic resistance tomato against BotrytisSummaryArbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi (e.g., Rhizophagus species) recruit specific bacterial species their hyphosphere. However, interplay mutual benefit this intricate have not been investigated yet, especially it involves bacteria known strong producers antifungal compounds such Bacillus velezensis. Here, we show that soil-dwelling B. migrates along hyphal AM fungus R. irregularis, forming biofilms inducing cytoplasmic flow contributes host plant root colonization by bacterium. During hyphosphere colonization, irregularis modulates biosynthesis specialized metabolites ensure stable coexistence a mechanism ward off mycoparasitic bacteria. These benefits are extended into tripartite context via provision enhanced protection through induction resistance.Graphical abstract

Language: Английский

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Micro-Tom tomato: from ornamental horticulture to fundamental research

Horticulture Advances, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 3(1)

Published: March 15, 2025

Abstract Model organisms have been instrumental in advancing discoveries plant biology. Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum ) is distinguished as a prominent model system due to its well-characterized genetics and economic significance crop. Micro-Tom (MT), an ornamental dwarf tomato variety, was adopted by the research community short stature, fast life cycle, ease of genetic transformation, ample genomic resources. Over last 30 years, use MT has illuminated various facets development, including control growth habit, glandular trichomes, leaf anatomy, formation arbuscular mycorrhizal symbioses. We briefly summarize these contributions point further potential advances future.

Language: Английский

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Current Approaches for Genetic Manipulation of Streptomyces spp.—Key Bacteria for Biotechnology and Environment

BioTech, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(1), P. 3 - 3

Published: Jan. 2, 2025

Organisms from the genus Streptomyces feature actinobacteria with complex developmental cycles and a great ability to produce variety of natural products. These soil bacteria more than 2/3 antibiotics used in medicine, large bioactive compounds for industrial, medical agricultural use. Although spp. have been studied decades, engineering these remains challenging, available genetic tools are rather limited. Furthermore, most biosynthetic gene clusters silent require strategies activate them exploit their production potential. In order explore, understand manipulate capabilities as key bacterial biotechnology, synthetic biology emerged valuable component research. Recent advancements manipulation involving proposals components toolbox, well new approaches genome mining, assembly constructs delivery into cell, allowed facilitation turnaround time strain efficient products at an industrial scale, but still strain- design-dependent limitations. A perspective offered recently by technical advances DNA sequencing, analysis editing proposed overcome construct-specific difficulties Streptomyces. this review, challenges recent developments discussed, overview novel is provided examples successful application technologies molecular highlighted.

Language: Английский

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Enhancing Soil Colloidal Phosphorus Bioavailability by a Plant-Derived Synergist

ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 7, 2025

As a critical replenishment source for depleted phosphate in the rhizosphere soil, colloidal phosphorus (Pcoll) of varied sizes has attracted more research interest; however, how to convert Pcoll among subfractions enhance soil P bioavailability remains unclear. In this study, we combined variation microbial community, distribution diffusive gradient thin films (DGT)-labile and acid phosphatase, changes four reveal mechanism synergist derived from plants, improving bioavailability. Results showed that could be enhanced via (1) transformation coarse-sized (CC, 450–1000 nm) medium-sized (MC, 220–450 fine-sized (FC, 20–220 nanosized (NC, 1–20 interstitial water through reductive dissolution by microorganisms release highly bioavailable themselves (2) hydrolyzation organic inorganic microorganisms. The rice cultivation experiment treated with positively affected crop growth. All above-suggested plant-derived provide reliable promising solution enhancing

Language: Английский

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Concurrent common fungal networks formed by different guilds of fungi

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 20, 2025

Networks formed by fungi that link among plants have captured the imagination of scientists and wider public alike (Selosse et al., 2006; Karst 2023). This work on fungal connections plant roots has almost exclusively focused mycorrhizal fungi, with most focusing arbuscular ectomycorrhizal fungi; other groups mycorrhiza, such as ericoid mycorrhiza orchid also been studied. Reasons underpinning this focus common networks (CMNs) are quite evident: these form well-documented functionally relevant symbioses majority grow inside roots, forming symbiotic exchange interfaces (Smith & Read, 2008). A recently introduced conceptual framework (Rillig 2025) proposed a hierarchical set terms to describe links: current definition demands presence hyphal continuous links forms an uninterrupted cytoplasmic flow between at least two (Karst is special case, in reality, for which several criteria be fulfilled (Lehmann Rillig, ensure it just resource transfer via responsible any measured responses. In new framework, case referred continuity (CMN-HC). kind – involving direct or not CMNs. addition, term network (CFN) introduced, representing general linkages plants: those type filamentous fungus (not limited fungi) either indirect their mode linking (i.e. not). systematic mapping field 'common networks' revealed c. 33% experimental research data targeted but present addition 2025). These mainly studies using whole microbial communities inoculum sources network. Thus, effects CFNs already implicitly part our results, we do know about contribution studied networks. We propose here likely reality soils, rather than CMNs, more complex should future (Fig. 1). paper, build recent development results various CFNs. proposing research, adopt perspective arises from common. understood mean argue against mycocentric perspective; fungi-focused view would emphasize only small mycelia participating interactions plants. The places spotlight. believe much can gained biology ecology embracing comprehensive connections, including guilds. Given root colonizing habit factor led seems reasonable start discussion fungi. For purpose divide into functional groups, understanding differentiation fluid (Aguilar-Trigueros 2014; Selosse 2018). parasitic wide range endophytic (sensu lato, see below) colonize well. saprobic needs assessed systems, generally primarily associate found there. Collectively, refer guilds CFNs, if topics takes off, may useful designate specifically guild involved: networks, Following might even further examined/demanded (e.g. continuity) Parasitic obtain carbon host without rendering services return, ecologically important (Bever 2010) particular economic significance agricultural when they cause disease pathogenic fungi). importance alone, examined first within It clearly established infections some Fusarium, Rhizoctonia) spread (Rekah 1999; Leclerc 2013; Ampt 2022), implying temporary link. However, network, indeed persists such, appear beyond epidemiology. CFN could potentially infection dynamics: hyphae emanating one better able infect additional roots? Can finetune extraction function connection? shuffle resources suit own needs? effectively overcome defenses, defenses triggered connected hosts? Do represent means persisting through nongrowing season time year? nonhost specific interactions, strong node derives substantial amounts drive Are always acting parasitically, span parasitism–mutualism continuum? Endophytic sense include numerous types inhabit neutral positive recognizable structures, mycorrhiza. Examples clavicipitaceous endophytes (Rodriguez 2009), Sebacinales (Weiß 2011, 2016), dark septate (Jumpponen Trappe, 1998), many (Almario 2017, 2022). produce benefits feature broadly similar differentiated lack interface, expectation Some tissues rhizosphere thus documented soil colonization prioritized work. Saprobic great organic matter decomposition, seem unlikely candidates lines bit blurred different Harder 2023), frequently detected molecular tools. condition explicitly continuity, therefore entertain possibility interact neighboring By virtue transporting water (Guhr 2015), bacteria (Kohlmeier 2005), processing nutrient release (Treseder Lennon, name examples, certainly affect question becomes connect adjacent differ disconnected counterpart, where mycelium separated roots. Several scenarios underpin compared independently mycelia. situation environmental heterogeneity, important: example, there differences content, bacterial populations, concentrations pollutants, become allowing integrate across gradients. Perhaps inhibited pollutants system, supplied (carbon, water, nutrients) patch, carry out functions, mobilization matter, immobilization, greater degree what expected given local conditions. importantly, being linked larger processes microbiome? previous section, discussed possible candidate clear co-occur soil, no inherent reason why concurrently norm, formed. What does overall functioning CFNs? There complementarity If CMN suffers, example pollutant disturbance, another contribute strongly (including CMNs) shift over sites. Capturing spatiotemporal context dependence will help responses drivers, global change. Functional key buffering mechanism face challenges. encompassing all winning strategy turns CMNs always, under kinds challenges, simultaneous action multiple sum individual contributions, leading synergistic hosts linked, soil. together protection Nutrient cycling availability enhanced CSNs coexist, decomposers break down materials, releasing nutrients then taken up transferred directly host. Effects concurrent cancel each other's co-occur. level, compete access partaking connecting CPNs negatively indirectly, reducing plant's fitness, consequently co-occurring priority develop line document existence place. necessarily shown, parallel so bar high effort. envisage experiments blocks substrate meshes exclude genet plant, passing meshed compartment, second constitute sufficient initial evidence explored high-throughput sequencing spatially explicit manner mesh-compartment setup. next step testing effects; accomplished severing keeping them intact, workflows CMN-HC. plant-focused typically place, response variables included performance growth, content traits). survival variable, especially seedling stage, mortality occurs stage. soilborne processes, aggregation biodiversity equally important, metagenomics excellent tool explore fine-grained shifts gene abundances. following four challenges (new design innovations, species richness, microbiome management implications) offer thoughts how meet them. Testing interaction open chapter research. Factorial inoculating belonging method choice start. Current designs allow severed allowed, mesh dividers; meaning connection interrupted guild, other. innovations setup required test conditions interacting component disrupted other(s). spatial separation inoculation opportunities control independently. Alternatively, split chambers serve assess simultaneously, spatially, depending design, lose Aside vitro experimentation, remain significant hurdles studying field. helpful applies aimed disentangling continuity. Especially richness drastically behavior strains remarkably (Camenzind 2024). isolates use increasingly arbitrary cases. while high, relatively fewer dominant phylotypes (Egidi 2019), suggest working them, probability wide-ranging higher rarer species. hypha-associated becoming (Duan extremely members hyphosphere microbiome. Such microbiomes, presenting potential components CFNs; role mediating functions contributing await discovery. Should support consider (Jansson Management restoration currently need augmented well, transplantation approaches. adverse context) addressed. program documenting highly promising stands move science plant–fungal forward. largely phytocentric here, highlighting introducing questions. Many imported study face. biggest challenge convince researchers invest due well-established, everything outside realm constitutes risk. hope paper its impetus waters. MCR acknowledges funding European Joint Programme-Soils project 'Symbiotic Solutions Healthy Agricultural Landscapes (SOIL-HEAL)', national came German Federal Ministry Education Research (031B1266). BMB US Department Energy Systems Biology Advance Sustainable Bioenergy Crop Development (DE-FOA-0002214), Lucking Family Professorship NAU, ARCS Foundation, Presidential Fellowship Program Arizona Mushroom Society, Support Graduate Students NAU. acknowledge input reviewers editor paper. Open Access enabled organized Projekt DEAL. None declared. wrote draft, AL, IRM contributed ideas, reviewed literature added writing. AL designed figure. All authors approved final version New Phytologist Foundation remains regard jurisdictional claims maps institutional affiliations.

Language: Английский

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Keystone root bacteria in Ambrosia artemisiifolia promote invasive growth by increasing the colonization rate of Funneliformis mosseae

Microbiological Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 293, P. 128081 - 128081

Published: Jan. 29, 2025

Language: Английский

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Metabolic synergy and complementarity in the Ips typographus holobiont

Research Square (Research Square), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 5, 2025

Microbial symbiosis plays a central role in shaping ecological and evolutionary processes, driving the adaptation of host organisms to challenging environments. However, mechanisms underlying functional integration metabolic cooperation within holobionts remain poorly understood. Current research often emphasizes taxonomic composition microbiomes, but interactions that sustain these associations are less explored, especially nutrient-poor ecosystems. This study addresses this knowledge gap by investigating interdependencies gut microbiome European spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus, ESBB). Using meta-transcriptomic analyses, we reveal critical contributions bacterial fungal symbionts facilitating survival. Our findings show microbial partners compensate for deficiencies, with cross-kingdom enabling biosynthesis essential nutrients such as amino acids vitamins. Furthermore, division labor among taxa is evident, bacteria primarily degrading plant polymers xylan pectin, fungi specializing glucan degradation. Functional redundancy key pathways suggests an adaptive mechanism ensure nutrient availability under fluctuating community composition. In addition, identify previously unappreciated pathway nitrogen acquisition via oxidation inorganic nitrogen. highlight importance their success symbiotic associations. results provide framework exploring cycling resource use.

Language: Английский

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Eucalyptus grandis WRKY genes provide insight into the role of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis in defense against Ralstonia solanacearum

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: Feb. 7, 2025

WRKY transcription factors are essential for plant growth, health, and responses to biotic abiotic stress. In this study, we performed a deep in silico characterization of the gene family genome Eucalyptus grandis. We also analyzed expression profiles these genes upon colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) Rhizophagus irregularis (Ri) infection with bacterial pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum (Rs). A total 117 EgWRKYs were identified. Phylogenetic analysis divided EgWRKY proteins into three groups: group I (21 proteins, 17.95%), II (65 55.56%), III (24 20.51%). Additionally, seven (5.98%) categorized IV due absence domain or zinc-finger structure. All distributed irregularly across 11 chromosomes, 25 pairs identified as segmental duplicates four tandem duplicates. The promoter regions 50% members each subfamily contain hormone-related cis-elements associated defense responses, such ABREs, TGACG motifs, CGTCA motifs. subfamilies (except IV-b IV-c) AW-boxes, which related induction. Furthermore, transcriptomic revealed that 21 responsive AMF Ri, 13 8 strongly up- downregulated, respectively. Several (including EgWRKY116, EgWRKY62, EgWRKY107) significantly induced Ri; might enhance E. grandis against Rs. Therefore, regulated colonization, some improve R. solanacearum. These findings provide insights involved interactions among host plant, AMFs,

Language: Английский

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The Effect of Rhizophagus intraradices on Cadmium Uptake and OsNRAMP5 Gene Expression in Rice

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(4), P. 1464 - 1464

Published: Feb. 10, 2025

The molecular mechanism of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in reducing cadmium (Cd) accumulation plants remains unclear. In this respect, the effects Rhizophagus intraradices (Ri) inoculation under Cd stress on rice growth, uptake along with other elements, and expression transport genes, including OsNRAMP1/5, were studied using wild-type (WT) osnramp5 mutant rice. results showed that Ri did not affect growth. was much lower than WT, as 27.6%, 17.5%, 39.9% noted grains, shoots, roots, respectively. For alone significantly promoted OsNRAMP5 but suppressed reduced its grain shoot by 44.4% 62.3%, respectively, compared to treatment. contrast, for mutant, influence or Cd. Furthermore, transporters (OsIRT1, OsZIP3/7, OsCAX1a) both varieties changed treatments. conclusion, inoculating rice, negative regulation gene.

Language: Английский

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Bacterial community in the hyphosphere of an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus differs from that in the surrounding environment and is influenced by hyphal disruption

Mycorrhiza, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 35(1)

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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