Antioxidants,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
12(3), P. 651 - 651
Published: March 6, 2023
Aging
is
a
complex
biological
process
accompanied
by
progressive
decline
in
the
physical
function
of
organism
and
an
increased
risk
age-related
chronic
diseases
such
as
cardiovascular
diseases,
cancer,
neurodegenerative
diseases.
Studies
have
established
that
there
exist
nine
hallmarks
aging
process,
including
(i)
telomere
shortening,
(ii)
genomic
instability,
(iii)
epigenetic
modifications,
(iv)
mitochondrial
dysfunction,
(v)
loss
proteostasis,
(vi)
dysregulated
nutrient
sensing,
(vii)
stem
cell
exhaustion,
(viii)
cellular
senescence,
(ix)
altered
communication.
All
these
alterations
been
linked
to
sustained
systemic
inflammation,
mechanisms
contribute
timing
not
clearly
determined
yet.
Nevertheless,
dysfunction
one
most
important
contributing
process.
Mitochondria
primary
endogenous
source
reactive
oxygen
species
(ROS).
During
ATP
production
elevated
ROS
together
with
antioxidant
defense.
Elevated
levels
can
cause
oxidative
stress
severe
damage
cell,
organelle
membranes,
DNA,
lipids,
proteins.
This
contributes
phenotype.
In
this
review,
we
summarize
recent
advances
emphasis
on
production.
Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
9(1)
Published: Feb. 16, 2024
Abstract
The
human
gastrointestinal
tract
is
populated
with
a
diverse
microbial
community.
vast
genetic
and
metabolic
potential
of
the
gut
microbiome
underpins
its
ubiquity
in
nearly
every
aspect
biology,
including
health
maintenance,
development,
aging,
disease.
advent
new
sequencing
technologies
culture-independent
methods
has
allowed
researchers
to
move
beyond
correlative
studies
toward
mechanistic
explorations
shed
light
on
microbiome–host
interactions.
Evidence
unveiled
bidirectional
communication
between
central
nervous
system,
referred
as
“microbiota–gut–brain
axis”.
microbiota–gut–brain
axis
represents
an
important
regulator
glial
functions,
making
it
actionable
target
ameliorate
development
progression
neurodegenerative
diseases.
In
this
review,
we
discuss
mechanisms
As
provides
essential
cues
microglia,
astrocytes,
oligodendrocytes,
examine
communications
microbiota
these
cells
during
healthy
states
Subsequently,
diseases
using
metabolite-centric
approach,
while
also
examining
role
microbiota-related
neurotransmitters
hormones.
Next,
targeting
intestinal
barrier,
blood–brain
meninges,
peripheral
immune
system
counteract
dysfunction
neurodegeneration.
Finally,
conclude
by
assessing
pre-clinical
clinical
evidence
probiotics,
prebiotics,
fecal
transplantation
A
thorough
comprehension
will
foster
effective
therapeutic
interventions
for
management
Molecular Metabolism,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
47, P. 101169 - 101169
Published: Jan. 20, 2021
The
global
rise
of
metabolic
disorders,
such
as
obesity,
type
2
diabetes,
and
cardiovascular
disease,
demands
a
thorough
molecular
understanding
the
cellular
mechanisms
that
govern
health
or
disease.
endoplasmic
reticulum
(ER)
is
key
organelle
for
function
adaptation
and,
therefore
disturbed
ER
function,
known
"ER
stress,"
feature
disorders.
As
stress
remains
poorly
defined
phenomenon,
this
review
provides
general
guide
to
nature,
etiology,
consequences
in
We
define
by
its
stressor,
which
driven
proteotoxicity,
lipotoxicity,
and/or
glucotoxicity.
discuss
implications
disorders
reviewing
evidence
implicating
phenotypes
communication,
protein
quality
control,
calcium
homeostasis,
lipid
carbohydrate
metabolism,
inflammation
development
dysfunction.
In
mammalian
biology,
phenotypically
functionally
diverse
platform
nutrient
sensing,
critical
cell
type-specific
control
hepatocytes,
adipocytes,
muscle
cells,
neurons.
these
distinct,
transient
state
functional
imbalance,
usually
resolved
activation
adaptive
programs
unfolded
response
(UPR),
ER-associated
degradation
(ERAD),
autophagy.
However,
challenges
proteostasis
also
impact
glucose
metabolism
vice
versa.
ER,
sensing
measures
are
integrated
failure
adapt
leads
aberrant
dysfunction,
insulin
resistance,
inflammation.
conclusion,
intricately
linked
wide
spectrum
functions
component
maintaining
restoring
health.
Antioxidants,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
12(3), P. 651 - 651
Published: March 6, 2023
Aging
is
a
complex
biological
process
accompanied
by
progressive
decline
in
the
physical
function
of
organism
and
an
increased
risk
age-related
chronic
diseases
such
as
cardiovascular
diseases,
cancer,
neurodegenerative
diseases.
Studies
have
established
that
there
exist
nine
hallmarks
aging
process,
including
(i)
telomere
shortening,
(ii)
genomic
instability,
(iii)
epigenetic
modifications,
(iv)
mitochondrial
dysfunction,
(v)
loss
proteostasis,
(vi)
dysregulated
nutrient
sensing,
(vii)
stem
cell
exhaustion,
(viii)
cellular
senescence,
(ix)
altered
communication.
All
these
alterations
been
linked
to
sustained
systemic
inflammation,
mechanisms
contribute
timing
not
clearly
determined
yet.
Nevertheless,
dysfunction
one
most
important
contributing
process.
Mitochondria
primary
endogenous
source
reactive
oxygen
species
(ROS).
During
ATP
production
elevated
ROS
together
with
antioxidant
defense.
Elevated
levels
can
cause
oxidative
stress
severe
damage
cell,
organelle
membranes,
DNA,
lipids,
proteins.
This
contributes
phenotype.
In
this
review,
we
summarize
recent
advances
emphasis
on
production.
