Journal of sport and health science/Journal of Sport and Health Science,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown, P. 101029 - 101029
Published: Feb. 1, 2025
Advances
in
skeletal
muscle
omics
has
expanded
our
understanding
of
exercise-induced
adaptations
at
the
molecular
level.
Over
past
2
decades,
transcriptome
studies
have
detailed
acute
and
chronic
responses
to
resistance,
endurance,
concurrent
exercise,
focusing
on
variables
such
as
training
status,
nutrition,
age,
sex,
metabolic
health
profile.
Multi-omics
approaches,
integration
transcriptomic
epigenetic
data,
along
with
emerging
ribosomal
RNA
sequencing
advancements,
further
provided
insights
into
how
adapts
exercise
across
lifespan.
Downstream
transcriptome,
proteomic
phosphoproteomic
identified
novel
regulators
adaptations,
while
single-cell/nucleus
spatial
technologies
promise
evolve
cellular
specialization
communication
around
cells.
This
narrative
review
highlights
(a)
historical
foundations
muscle,
(b)
current
research
3
layers
cascade
(DNA,
RNA,
protein),
(c)
applications
single-cell
study
adaptation
exercise.
Further
elaboration
muscle's
global
footprint
using
multi-omics
methods
will
help
researchers
practitioners
develop
more
effective
targeted
approaches
improve
well
athletic
performance.
Physiological Reviews,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
103(4), P. 2679 - 2757
Published: June 29, 2023
Mechanisms
underlying
mechanical
overload-induced
skeletal
muscle
hypertrophy
have
been
extensively
researched
since
the
landmark
report
by
Morpurgo
(1897)
of
“work-induced
hypertrophy”
in
dogs
that
were
treadmill
trained.
Much
preclinical
rodent
and
human
resistance
training
research
to
date
supports
involved
mechanisms
include
enhanced
mammalian/mechanistic
target
rapamycin
complex
1
(mTORC1)
signaling,
an
expansion
translational
capacity
through
ribosome
biogenesis,
increased
satellite
cell
abundance
myonuclear
accretion,
postexercise
elevations
protein
synthesis
rates.
However,
several
lines
past
emerging
evidence
suggest
additional
feed
into
or
are
independent
these
processes
also
involved.
This
review
first
provides
a
historical
account
how
mechanistic
has
progressed.
A
comprehensive
list
associated
with
is
then
outlined,
areas
disagreement
involving
presented.
Finally,
future
directions
many
discussed
proposed.
Nutrients,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
17(4), P. 665 - 665
Published: Feb. 13, 2025
This
narrative
review
provides
an
analysis
of
the
role
nitric
oxide
(NO)
and
its
precursors,
particularly
L-arginine,
in
vascular
regulation
health,
with
emphasis
on
findings
from
our
experimental
research
animal
models.
NO
serves
as
a
critical
mediator
function,
contributing
to
vasodilation,
blood
flow,
prevention
thrombosis.
As
primary
precursor
NO,
L-arginine
is
essential
for
maintaining
endothelial
integrity,
modulating
mitochondrial
reducing
oxidative
damage.
synthesises
data
contextualises
these
within
physiological
challenges
faced
by
donors,
such
repeated
donation
associated
stress.
It
examines
effects
supplementation
respiration,
lipid
peroxidation,
microsomal
oxidation
different
conditions,
including
differences
age,
gender,
dietary
interventions.
The
mechanisms
which
enhances
production,
improves
elasticity,
alleviates
dysfunction
caused
reduced
bioavailability
are
also
investigated.
By
integrating
insights
existing
literature,
this
perspective
potential
address
specific
needs
donors.
highlights
importance
personalised
nutritional
approaches
enhancing
donor
recovery
resilience.
In
addition,
assesses
wider
implications
mitigating
stress
preserving
function.
interplay
between
bioavailability,
factors,
adaptation
donors
highlighted,
along
identification
current
knowledge
gaps
recommendations
future
research.
presenting
both
original
evidence
synthesis
article
therapeutic
promoting
health
context
donation.
Frontiers in Physiology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
16
Published: March 26, 2025
Skeletal
muscle
atrophy,
characterized
by
the
loss
of
mass
and
function,
can
result
from
disuse,
aging,
disease,
drug.
Exercise
preconditioning—a
form
exercise
training
performed
before
these
harmful
threats—induces
notable
remodeling
extensive
biochemical
adaptations
in
skeletal
muscle,
creating
a
protective
phenotype
fibers,
thus
serving
as
an
effective
intervention
for
preventing
atrophy.
Here,
we
review
current
understanding
relating
to
how
preconditioning
protects
damage
caused
inactivity,
sarcopenia,
or
pharmacological
intervention,
with
emphasis
on
cellular
mechanisms
involved.
Key
highlighted
making
significant
contribution
effects
fibers
include
mitochondria;
expression
cytoprotective
proteins
such
HSP72,
SOD2,
SESN2,
PGC-1α
AMPK;
regulation
oxidative
stress.
These
findings
underscore
potential
non-pharmacological
preserving
well
muscular
ultimately
improving
quality
life
at-risk
populations.
