Polycystic ovary syndrome

Nature Reviews Disease Primers, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: April 18, 2024

Language: Английский

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Metabolic syndrome

Nature Reviews Disease Primers, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: Oct. 17, 2024

Language: Английский

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Inflammation and resolution in obesity

Nature Reviews Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 24, 2024

Language: Английский

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Diabetes and Osteoarthritis: Exploring the Interactions and Therapeutic Implications of Insulin, Metformin, and GLP-1-Based Interventions

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(8), P. 1630 - 1630

Published: July 23, 2024

Diabetes mellitus (DM) and osteoarthritis (OA) are prevalent chronic conditions with shared pathophysiological links, including inflammation metabolic dysregulation. This study investigates the potential impact of insulin, metformin, GLP-1-based therapies on OA progression. Methods involved a literature review clinical trials mechanistic studies exploring effects these medications outcomes. Results indicate that beyond its role in glycemic control, may modulate inflammatory pathways relevant to OA, potentially influencing joint health. Metformin, recognized for anti-inflammatory properties via AMPK activation, shows promise mitigating progression by preserving cartilage integrity reducing markers. therapies, known enhancing insulin secretion improving profiles DM, also exhibit benefit suppressing cytokine-mediated supporting repair mechanisms. Conclusions suggest medications, while primarily indicated diabetes management, hold therapeutic targeting common underlying Further warranted validate findings explore optimal strategies managing both DM comorbidities effectively.

Language: Английский

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Interactions between Gut Microbiota and Natural Bioactive Polysaccharides in Metabolic Diseases: Review

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(17), P. 2838 - 2838

Published: Aug. 24, 2024

The gut microbiota constitutes a complex ecosystem, comprising trillions of microbes that have co-evolved with their host over hundreds millions years. Over the past decade, growing body knowledge has underscored intricate connections among diet, microbiota, and human health. Bioactive polysaccharides (BPs) from natural sources like medicinal plants, seaweeds, fungi diverse biological functions including antioxidant, immunoregulatory, metabolic activities. Their effects are closely tied to which metabolizes BPs into health-influencing compounds. Understanding how interact is critical for harnessing potential health benefits. This review provides an overview focusing on its role in diseases obesity, type II diabetes mellitus, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, cardiovascular diseases. It explores basic characteristics several impact microbiota. Given significance health, we summarize these BPs, particularly terms immunoregulatory activities, blood sugar, hypolipidemic effect, thus providing valuable reference understanding benefits treating These properties make promising agents preventing comprehensive mechanisms by exert through opens new avenues developing targeted therapies improve

Language: Английский

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Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Comprehensive Review of Pathophysiology, Comorbidities, and Emerging Therapies

Comprehensive physiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Humans are perhaps evolutionarily engineered to get deeply addicted sugar, as it not only provides energy but also helps in storing fats, which survival during starvation. Additionally, sugars (glucose and fructose) stimulate the feel‐good factor, they trigger secretion of serotonin dopamine brain, associated with reward sensation, uplifting mood general. However, when consumed excess, contributes imbalance, weight gain, obesity, leading onset a complex metabolic disorder, generally referred diabetes. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one most prevalent forms diabetes, nearly affecting all age groups. T2DM clinically diagnosed cardinal sign chronic hyperglycemia (excessive sugar blood). Chronic hyperglycemia, coupled dysfunctions pancreatic β‐cells, insulin resistance, immune inflammation, further exacerbate pathology T2DM. Uncontrolled T2DM, major public health concern, significantly toward progression several micro‐ macrovascular diseases, such diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular including cancer. The current review discusses epidemiology, causative factors, pathophysiology, comorbidities, existing emerging therapies related It future roadmap for alternative drug discovery management

Language: Английский

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The challenges of assessing adiposity in a clinical setting

Nature Reviews Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 20(10), P. 615 - 626

Published: July 15, 2024

Language: Английский

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Type 2 diabetes: a sacrifice program handling energy surplus

Life Metabolism, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 3(6)

Published: Aug. 7, 2024

Abstract Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is closely associated with obesity, while interactions between the two diseases remain to be fully elucidated. To this point, we offer perspective introduce a set of new insights into interpretation T2DM spanning etiology, pathogenesis, and treatment approaches. These include definition as an energy surplus-induced characterized by gradual decline β cell insulin secretion function, which ultimately aims prevent onset severe obesity through mechanisms weight loss. The body employs three adaptive strategies in response surplus: first one adipose tissue expansion store for gain under normal conditions; second resistance slow down overweight third following failure reverse obese conditions. primary signaling molecules driving compensatory responses are adenosine derivatives, such triphosphate (ATP), acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA), reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH). exert their effects allosteric, post-translational, transcriptional regulation metabolic pathways. suggest that protective defense against excessive adiposity avert obesity. provides unified framework explaining opens avenues study T2DM.

Language: Английский

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AMP-activated protein kinase activation suppresses leptin expression independently of adipogenesis in primary murine adipocytes

Biochemical Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 481(5), P. 345 - 362

Published: Feb. 5, 2024

Adipogenesis, defined as the development of mature adipocytes from stem cell precursors, is vital for expansion, turnover and health adipose tissue. Loss adipogenic potential in cells, or impairment adipogenesis now recognised an underlying cause tissue dysfunction associated with metabolic disease. In this study, we sought to determine role AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), evolutionarily conserved master regulator energy homeostasis, adipogenesis. Primary murine adipose-derived cells were treated a small molecule AMPK activator (BI-9774) during key phases adipogenesis, effect activation on adipocyte commitment, maturation function. To contribution repression lipogenesis by these processes, compared pharmacological inhibition acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC). We show that inhibits time- concentration-dependent manner. Transient commitment leads significant, ACC-independent, transcription factor expression. Furthermore, identify striking, previously unexplored leptin gene expression response both short-term chronic irrespective These findings reveal addition its switches off primary mouse independently Our results novel target through mechanisms yet be identified.

Language: Английский

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Lipid Droplets Big and Small: Basic Mechanisms That Make Them All

Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 40(1), P. 143 - 168

Published: Oct. 2, 2024

Lipid droplets (LDs) are dynamic storage organelles with central roles in lipid and energy metabolism. They consist of a core neutral lipids, such as triacylglycerol, which is surrounded by monolayer phospholipids specialized surface proteins. The composition determines many the LD properties, size, subcellular distribution, interaction partner organelles. Considering diverse energetic metabolic demands various cell types, it not surprising that LDs highly heterogeneous within between types. Despite their diversity, all share common biogenesis mechanism. However, adipocytes have evolved specific adaptations these basic mechanisms, enabling regulation metabolism at both cellular organismal levels. Here, we discuss recent advances understanding general mechanisms adipocyte-specific controlling fascinating

Language: Английский

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