Laboratory Biomarkers for Diagnosis and Prognosis in COVID-19

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: April 27, 2022

Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations, with progression to multiorgan failure in the most severe cases. Several biomarkers can be altered coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and they associated diagnosis, prognosis, outcomes. The used COVID-19 include several proinflammatory cytokines, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate transaminase (AST), neutrophil count, neutrophils-to-lymphocytes ratio, troponins, creatine kinase (MB), myoglobin, D-dimer, brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), its N-terminal pro-hormone (NT-proBNP). Some these readily predict severity, hospitalization, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, mortality, while others, such as metabolomic proteomic analysis, have not yet translated practice. This narrative review aims identify laboratory that shown significant diagnostic prognostic value for risk stratification discuss possible application novel analytic strategies, like metabolomics proteomics. Future research should focus on identifying limited but essential number easily prognosis outcome COVID-19.

Language: Английский

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Post-acute sequelae of COVID-19: understanding and addressing the burden of multisystem manifestations

The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(8), P. 739 - 754

Published: July 17, 2023

Individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection can develop symptoms that persist well beyond the acute phase of COVID-19 or emerge after phase, lasting for weeks months initial illness. The post-acute sequelae COVID-19, which include physical, cognitive, and mental health impairments, are known collectively as long COVID post-COVID-19 condition. substantial burden this multisystem condition is felt at individual, health-care system, socioeconomic levels, on an unprecedented scale. Survivors COVID-19-related critical illness risk respiratory distress syndrome, sepsis, chronic illness, these multidimensional morbidities might be difficult to differentiate from specific effects COVID-19. We provide overview manifestations in adults. explore various organ systems, describe potential pathophysiological mechanisms, consider challenges providing clinical care support survivors manifestations. Research needed reduce incidence optimise therapeutic rehabilitative patients.

Language: Английский

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Therapeutic advances in COVID-19

Nature Reviews Nephrology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 19(1), P. 38 - 52

Published: Oct. 17, 2022

Language: Английский

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Molecular characteristics, immune evasion, and impact of SARS-CoV-2 variants

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: June 28, 2022

Abstract The persistent COVID-19 pandemic since 2020 has brought an enormous public health burden to the global society and is accompanied by various evolution of virus genome. consistently emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants harboring critical mutations impact molecular characteristics viral proteins display heterogeneous behaviors in immune evasion, transmissibility, clinical manifestation during infection, which differ each strain endow them with distinguished features populational spread. Several variants, identified as Variants Concern (VOC) World Health Organization, challenged efforts on control due rapid worldwide spread enhanced evasion from current antibodies vaccines. Moreover, recent Omicron variant even exacerbated anxiety continuous pandemic. Its significant medical treatment disease highlights necessity combinatory investigation mutational pattern influence dynamics against immunity, would greatly facilitate drug vaccine development benefit policymaking. Hence this review, we summarized characteristics, impacts focused parallel comparison different profile, transmissibility tropism alteration, effectiveness, manifestations, order provide a comprehensive landscape for research.

Language: Английский

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Two Years into the COVID-19 Pandemic: Lessons Learned

ACS Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 8(9), P. 1758 - 1814

Published: Aug. 8, 2022

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a highly transmissible and virulent human-infecting that emerged in late December 2019 Wuhan, China, causing disease called (COVID-19), which has massively impacted global public health caused widespread disruption to daily life. The crisis by COVID-19 mobilized scientists authorities across the world rapidly improve our knowledge about this devastating disease, shedding light on its management control, spawned development of new countermeasures. Here we provide an overview state art gained last years virus COVID-19, including origin natural reservoir hosts, viral etiology, epidemiology, modes transmission, clinical manifestations, pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment, prevention, emerging variants, vaccines, highlighting important differences from previously known pathogenic coronaviruses. We also discuss selected key discoveries each topic underline gaps for future investigations.

Language: Английский

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The Role of Cytokines and Chemokines in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infections

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: April 7, 2022

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in countless infections and caused millions of deaths since its emergence 2019. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-associated mortality is by uncontrolled inflammation, aberrant immune response, cytokine storm, an imbalanced hyperactive system. The storm further results multiple organ failure lung immunopathology. Therefore, any potential treatments should focus on the direct elimination viral particles, prevention strategies, mitigation (hyperactive) This review focuses secretions innate adaptive responses against COVID-19, including interleukins, interferons, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, other chemokines. In addition to focus, we discuss immunotherapeutic approaches based relevant pathophysiological features, systemic response SARS-CoV-2, data from recent clinical trials experiments COVID-19-associated storm. Prompt use these cytokines as diagnostic markers aggressive management can help determine morbidity mortality. prophylaxis rapid appear significantly improve outcomes. For reasons, this study aims provide advanced information facilitate innovative strategies survive COVID-19 pandemic.

Language: Английский

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The Pathophysiology of Sepsis-Associated AKI

Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 17(7), P. 1050 - 1069

Published: June 28, 2022

Sepsis-associated AKI is a life-threatening complication that associated with high morbidity and mortality in patients who are critically ill. Although it clear early supportive interventions sepsis reduce mortality, less they prevent or ameliorate sepsis-associated AKI. This likely because specific mechanisms underlying attributable to not fully understood. Understanding these will form the foundation for development of strategies diagnosis treatment Here, we summarize recent laboratory clinical studies, focusing on critical factors pathophysiology AKI: microcirculatory dysfunction, inflammation, NOD-like receptor protein 3 inflammasome, microRNAs, extracellular vesicles, autophagy efferocytosis, inflammatory reflex pathway, vitamin D, metabolic reprogramming. Lastly, identifying molecular targets defining subphenotypes permit precision approaches prevention

Language: Английский

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Acute Kidney Injury: Medical Causes and Pathogenesis

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(1), P. 375 - 375

Published: Jan. 3, 2023

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common clinical syndrome characterized by sudden decline in or loss of function. AKI not only associated with substantial morbidity and mortality but also increased risk chronic disease (CKD). classically defined staged based on serum creatinine concentration urine output rates. The etiology conceptually classified into three general categories: prerenal, intrarenal, postrenal. Although this classification may be useful for establishing differential diagnosis, has mostly multifactorial, pathophysiologic features that can divided different categories. tubular necrosis, caused either ischemia nephrotoxicity, the setting AKI. timely accurate identification better understanding pathophysiological mechanisms cause dysfunction are essential. In review, we consider various medical causes summarize most recent updates pathogenesis

Language: Английский

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2D materials-based nanomedicine: From discovery to applications

Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 185, P. 114268 - 114268

Published: April 8, 2022

Language: Английский

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Gut bacterial dysbiosis and instability is associated with the onset of complications and mortality in COVID-19

Gut Microbes, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Feb. 17, 2022

There is a growing debate about the involvement of gut microbiome in COVID-19, although it not conclusively understood whether has an impact on or vice versa, especially as analysis amplicon data hospitalized patients requires sophisticated cohort recruitment and integration clinical parameters. Here, we analyzed fecal saliva samples from SARS-CoV-2 infected post COVID-19 controls considering multiple influencing factors during hospitalization. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed 108 22 patients, 20 pneumonia 26 asymptomatic controls. Patients were recruited over first second corona wave Germany detailed parameters considered. Serial per individual allowed intra-individual analysis. We found oral microbiota to be altered depending number type COVID-19-associated complications disease severity. The occurrence correlated with low-risk (e.g., Faecalibacterium prausznitzii) high-risk bacteria Parabacteroides ssp.). demonstrated that stable bacterial composition associated favorable progression. Based microbial profiles, identified model estimate mortality COVID-19. Gut are may thereby A contribute progression using signatures could diagnostic approaches. Importantly, highlight challenges context

Language: Английский

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