Prospective Evaluation of Atrial Fibrillation Risk in Type 2 Diabetes Comparing SGLT-2 Inhibitors and DPP-4 Inhibitors

Indus journal of bioscience research., Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 3(3), P. 69 - 75

Published: March 14, 2025

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major risk factor of atrial fibrillation (AF). In particular, sodium glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) are often used to treat T2DM, effects these drugs on for AF unknown. The goal this study was investigate if SGLT inhibitor associated with an increase in the incidence new onset AF, as well cardiovascular outcomes, versus DPP4 inhibitors. Prospective cohort conducted at Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar from July 2024 December 370 T2DM patients aged 40 75 years, started SGLT2 (n= 189) or 181). Follow up 6 months were followed regular electrocardiographic evaluation occurrence AF. Other secondary outcomes hospitalization ischemic stroke heart failure. Cox proportional hazards models Kaplan-Meier survival analysis assess adjusting confounders, including age, sex, hypertension BMI. Results: New significantly lower SGLT-2 group (p < 0.05) compared DPP-4 group. As well, also reduced failure patients. two groups had similar baseline characteristics. TAMP treated more favorable DPP 4 These may suggest mechanism suppress both arrhythmic manifestations diabetes. benefits here warrant further large-scale studies confirm them.

Language: Английский

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Treatment Progress of SGLT2 Inhibitors in Anemia of CKD

Advances in Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(04), P. 671 - 677

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Mitochondrial Changes Induced by SGLT2i in Lymphocytes from Diabetic Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Pilot Study

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(7), P. 3351 - 3351

Published: April 3, 2025

Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) preserve cardiac and renal function by mechanisms that are not completely elucidated. Among other things, SGLT2i promote nutrient-deprivation signalling, which might affect the immune function. As fate of cells is controlled their metabolism, we aimed to study mitochondrial integrity lymphocytes isolated from transplant recipients with type diabetes (T2D) upon therapy instauration six-month follow up. In this real-world pilot study, respiration peripheral blood mononuclear was monitored in a Seahorse XFp extracellular-flux analyzer were photographed confocal microscope. Mitochondrial mass, membrane potential, superoxide content lymphocyte subpopulations measured flow cytometry (MitoTrackerTM Green, TMRM, MitoSOXTM Red probes). Leveraging vivo conditions cells, evaluated metabolic profiles associated activation. Herein, identified changes redox homeostasis sustained polarization, an increased biogenesis PHA stimulation significantly correlated body weight LDL-cholesterol levels, resultant compensatory lymphocytes. Our data suggest novel induced modulate probably underlie observed beneficial effects kidney recipients. Nonetheless, further mechanistic studies required extend these exploratory findings encourage use therapeutic strategy.

Language: Английский

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Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitor Improves Renal Injury by Regulating the Redox Profile, Inflammatory Parameters, and Pyroptosis in an Experimental Model of Diabetic Kidney Disease

ACS Pharmacology & Translational Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 16, 2025

Language: Английский

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Novel Therapeutic Approaches for Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy and Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Vision, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 9(2), P. 35 - 35

Published: April 17, 2025

Retina, a light-sensitive layer of tissue the eye, requires high levels oxygen for its physiology. Retinal ischemia occurs due to inadequate supply blood retina and choroid. is implicated in development or progression many ocular diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy (DR) age-related macular degeneration (AMD). To date, anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatment has been widely used manage neovascular diseases associated with retinal ischemia. Nonetheless, substantial number patients DR AMD still suffer from incomplete response adverse effects related therapy limitations. Therefore, research scientists have developing finding novel treatments protect against prevent vision loss those diseases. In this review article, we summarize recent therapeutic approaches ischemic (e.g., cell therapy, advanced molecular targeting, drug delivery). This summary enables further obtain more solid evidence effective

Language: Английский

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Inpatient diabetes management

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 1538(1), P. 5 - 20

Published: July 25, 2024

Diabetes mellitus is currently approaching epidemic proportions and disproportionately affects patients in the hospital setting. In United States, individuals living with diabetes represent over 17 million emergency department visits 8 admissions annually. The management of these setting complex differs considerably from outpatient All hyperglycemia should be screened for diabetes, as in-hospital portends a greater risk morbidity, mortality, admission to an intensive care unit, increased length stay. However, definition hyperglycemia, glycemic targets, strategies manage inpatient can vary greatly depending on population considered. Moreover, presenting illness, changing nutritional status, concurrent medications often necessitate thoughtful consideration adjustments home regimens and/or initiation new insulin doses. This review article will examine core concepts emerging literature surrounding management, including dosing strategies, noninsulin medications, technologies, teams, discharge planning optimize patient safety satisfaction, clinical outcomes, even financial health.

Language: Английский

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Lupus Nephritis from Pathogenesis to New Therapies: An Update

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(16), P. 8981 - 8981

Published: Aug. 18, 2024

Lupus Nephritis (LN) still represents one of the most severe complications Systemic Erythematosus (SLE) and a major risk factor for morbidity mortality. However, over last few years, several studies have paved way deeper understanding its pathogenetic mechanisms more targeted treatments. This review aims to provide comprehensive update on progress key aspects in this setting: LN, including new insight into role autoantibodies, complement, vitamin D deficiency, interaction between infiltrating immune cells kidney resident ones; evolving renal biopsy biomarkers, which may integrate information from histology; newly approved drugs such as voclosporin (VOC) belimumab (BEL), allowing articulate strategy induction therapy, other promising phase III-immunosuppressive (IS) agents pipeline. Several adjunctive treatments aimed at reducing cardiovascular progression chronic damage, antiproteinuric agents, represent an important complement IS therapy. Furthermore, non-pharmacological measures concerning general lifestyle diet should also be adopted when managing LN. Integrating these therapeutic areas requires effort towards holistic multidisciplinary approach. At same time, availability increasingly wider armamentarium translate improvements patient’s outcomes next decades.

Language: Английский

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Inhibition of SGLT2 protects podocytes in diabetic kidney disease by rebalancing mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes

Cell Communication and Signaling, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: Nov. 7, 2024

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have changed the therapeutic landscape for diabetic kidney disease (DKD) patients, but their underlying mechanisms are complicated and not fully understood. Mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes (MAMs), dynamic contact sites between mitochondria (ER), serve as intracellular platforms important regulating cellular fate function. This study explored roles of SGLT2 in MAMs formation podocytes.

Language: Английский

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Oxidative Stress in Kidney Injury and Hypertension

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(12), P. 1454 - 1454

Published: Nov. 27, 2024

Hypertension (HTN) is a major contributor to kidney damage, leading conditions such as nephrosclerosis and hypertensive nephropathy, significant causes of chronic disease (CKD) end-stage renal (ESRD). HTN also risk factor for stroke coronary heart disease. Oxidative stress, inflammation, activation the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) play critical roles in causing injury HTN. Genetic environmental factors influence susceptibility with African American populations having higher tendency due genetic variants. Managing blood pressure (BP) effectively treatments targeting RAAS activation, oxidative inflammation crucial preventing damage progression HTN-related CKD ESRD. Interactions between impacting function abnormalities are central development. Animal studies indicate that significantly BP regulation. Anti-natriuretic mechanisms can reset pressure–natriuresis relationship, requiring excrete sodium matched intake. Activation intrarenal angiotensin II receptors contributes retention high BP. In HTN, gut microbiome affect by influencing energy metabolism inflammatory pathways. models, spontaneously rat infusion model, mirror human essential hypertension highlight significance pathogenesis. Overproduction reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays role development Targeting specific NADPH oxidase (NOX) isoforms inhibit ROS production enhance antioxidant may improve structure while lowering pressure. Therapies like SGLT2 inhibitors mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists have shown promise reducing activity, offering antihypertensive protection managing CKD. This review emphasizes NOX focusing on its impact Effective management

Language: Английский

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Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease: bridging cardiology and hepatology

Cardiology Plus, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Dec. 11, 2024

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the leading cause of chronic diseases, affecting approximately 30% global adult population, with a rise largely attributed to increasing rates obesity and diabetes worldwide. Historically, term “NAFLD” did not explicitly link condition its most common causes, such as diabetes, or principal pathophysiological mechanisms, including insulin resistance low-grade metabolic inflammation. This semantic laxity potentially reduced attempts at screening, diagnosis, management. The shift using terms metabolic-associated (MAFLD) dysfunction-associated steatotic (MASLD) reflects more accurate understanding condition’s origins highlights broader implications, particularly cardiovascular diseases. MAFLD/MASLD represents convergence point between hepatology cardiology, dysfunction serving bridge pathology increased risk. Growing clinical evidence reveals strong association morbidity mortality. Despite this, risks associated are often underestimated, especially among cardiologists. narrative review explores potential implications for cardiology practice, examining diagnostic criteria, risk assessment, adjustments in collaborative care strategies, treatment options, directions future research.

Language: Английский

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