COVID‐19 is a Real Headache!

Headache The Journal of Head and Face Pain, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 60(7), P. 1415 - 1421

Published: May 16, 2020

After the emergence of a novel coronavirus named SARS-CoV-2, disease 2019 (COVID-19) was initially characterized by fever, sore throat, cough, and dyspnea, mainly manifestations respiratory system. However, other such as headache, abdominal pain, diarrhea, loss taste smell were added to clinical spectrum, during course COVID-19 pandemic. The reports on neurological findings are increasing rapidly headache seems be leader symptom list. Headache reported in 11%-34% hospitalized patients, but features these headaches totally missing available publications. According our initial experience, significant presentation symptomatic patients new-onset, moderate-severe, bilateral with pulsating or pressing quality temporoparietal, forehead periorbital region. most striking sudden gradual onset poor response common analgesics, high relapse rate, that limited active phase COVID-19. Symptomatic around 6%-10%, also presenting symptom. possible pathophysiological mechanisms include activation peripheral trigeminal nerve endings SARS-CoV-2 directly through vasculopathy and/or increased circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines hypoxia. We concluded non-respiratory COVID-19, should not overlooked, its characteristics recorded scrutiny.

Language: Английский

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Mechanisms of migraine as a chronic evolutive condition

The Journal of Headache and Pain, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 20(1)

Published: Dec. 1, 2019

Abstract Understanding the mechanisms of migraine remains challenging as is not a static disorder, and even in its episodic form an “evolutive” chronic condition. Considerable progress has been made elucidating pathophysiological migraine, associated genetic factors that may influence susceptibility to disease, functional anatomical changes during progression attack or transformation migraine. Migraine life span neurological disorder follows evolutive age-dependent change prevalence clinical presentations. As involves recurrent intense head pain unpleasant symptoms. attacks evolve over different phases with specific neural symptoms being involved each phase. In some patients, can be transformed into daily almost headaches. The behind this process remain unknown, but epigenetic factors, inflammatory processes central sensitization play important role.

Language: Английский

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Migraine: A Review on Its History, Global Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Comorbidities

Frontiers in Neurology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Feb. 23, 2022

Migraine affects more than one billion individuals each year across the world, and is of most common neurologic disorders, with a high prevalence morbidity, especially among young adults females. associated wide range comorbidities, which from stress sleep disturbances to suicide. The complex largely unclear mechanisms migraine development have resulted in proposal various social biological risk factors, such as hormonal imbalances, genetic epigenetic influences, well cardiovascular, neurological, autoimmune diseases. This review presents comprehensive up-to-date literature on epidemiology, highlighting gaps our knowledge.

Language: Английский

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CGRP physiology, pharmacology, and therapeutic targets: migraine and beyond

Physiological Reviews, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 103(2), P. 1565 - 1644

Published: Dec. 1, 2022

Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a neuropeptide with diverse physiological functions. Its two isoforms (α and β) are widely expressed throughout the body in sensory neurons as well other cell types, such motor neuroendocrine cells. CGRP acts via at least G protein-coupled receptors that form unusual complexes receptor activity-modifying proteins. These AMY

Language: Английский

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Migraine and neuroinflammation: the inflammasome perspective

The Journal of Headache and Pain, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: June 10, 2021

Abstract Background Neuroinflammation has an important role in the pathophysiology of migraine, which is a complex neuro-glio-vascular disorder. The main aim this review to highlight findings cortical spreading depolarization (CSD)-induced neuroinflammatory signaling brain parenchyma from inflammasome perspective. In addition, we discuss limited data contribution inflammasomes other aspects migraine pathophysiology, foremost activation trigeminovascular system and thereby generation pain. Main body Inflammasomes are multiprotein complexes key components innate immune system. Their causes production inflammatory cytokines that can stimulate trigeminal neurons thus relevant pain attracted considerable attention recent years. Nucleotide-binding domain (NOD)-like receptor family pyrin containing 3 (NLRP3) best characterized there emerging evidence its variety conditions, including migraine. review, discuss, point view, parenchyma, connection with genetic factors make vulnerable CSD, relation diseases co-morbid stroke, epilepsy, possible links COVID-19 infection. Conclusion Neuroinflammatory pathways, specifically those involving proteins, seem promising candidates as treatment targets, perhaps even biomarkers,

Language: Английский

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Neuroinflammation — a common thread in neurological disorders

Nature Reviews Neurology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 15(8), P. 429 - 430

Published: July 1, 2019

Language: Английский

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Neurogenic Inflammation: The Participant in Migraine and Recent Advancements in Translational Research

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10(1), P. 76 - 76

Published: Dec. 30, 2021

Migraine is a primary headache disorder characterized by unilateral, throbbing, pulsing headache, which lasts for hours to days, and the pain can interfere with daily activities. It exhibits various symptoms, such as nausea, vomiting, sensitivity light, sound, odors, physical activity consistently contributes worsening pain. Despite intensive research, little still known about pathomechanism of migraine. widely accepted that migraine involves activation sensitization trigeminovascular system. leads release several pro-inflammatory neuropeptides neurotransmitters causes cascade inflammatory tissue responses, including vasodilation, plasma extravasation secondary capillary leakage, edema, mast cell degranulation. Convincing evidence obtained in rodent models suggests neurogenic inflammation assumed contribute development attack. Chemical stimulation dura mater triggers trigeminal system numerous molecular behavioral changes; therefore, this relevant animal model acute This narrative review discusses emerging supporting involvement pathophysiology migraine, presenting most recent advances preclinical research novel therapeutic approaches disease.

Language: Английский

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IL-17 crosses the blood–brain barrier to trigger neuroinflammation: a novel mechanism in nitroglycerin-induced chronic migraine

The Journal of Headache and Pain, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(1)

Published: Jan. 3, 2022

Chronic migraine places a disabling burden on patients, which is extensively modeled by the nitroglycerin (NTG)-treated animal model. Although NF-κB pathway involved in an increase CGRP levels and activation of trigeminal system NTG model, relationship between neuroinflammation remains unclear. This study aimed to optimize chronic rat model with hyperalgesia ethological capacity for estimating therapies further explore underlying mechanism NTG-induced migraine.Rats were administered different doses s.c. daily or every 2 d; 30 min h later, mechanical threshold was tested. After 9 d, rats injected EB Cy5.5 permeability assay. The other animals sacrificed, then, brainstem caudal ganglion removed test CGRP, c-Fos NOS activity; Cytokines tissue serum measured ELISA; blood-brain barrier (BBB)-related indicators analyzed using western blotting. Immunohistochemistry performed observe microglial polarization IL-17A+ T cell migration medulla oblongata.NTG (10 mg/kg, s.c., d total 5 injections) optimal condition, resulting progressive behavior. TNC increases cytokines, observed, these changes alleviated ibuprofen. Furthermore, administration increased BBB altering functional proteins (RAGE, LRP1, AQP4 MFSD2A) structural (ZO-1, Occludin VE-cadherin-2) peripheral IL-17A permeation into oblongata, activating microglia neuroinflammation, eventually causing attack.This confirmed that condition provoke migraine, observable migraine-like crossed triggering through microglia-mediated neuroinflammation. process novel suggesting might be target treatment migraine.

Language: Английский

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Migraine: from pathophysiology to treatment

Journal of Neurology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 270(7), P. 3654 - 3666

Published: April 8, 2023

Migraine is an extremely disabling, common neurological disorder characterized by a complex neurobiology, involving series of central and peripheral nervous system areas networks. A growing increase in the understanding migraine pathophysiology recent years has facilitated translation that knowledge into novel treatments, which are currently becoming available to patients many parts world substantially changing clinical approach disease. In first part this review, we will provide up date overview analyzing anatomy function main regions involved disease, focusing on how these give rise plethora symptoms characterizing attacks overall The second paper discuss therapeutic agents have emerged for treatment migraine, including molecules targeting calcitonin gene-related peptide (gepants monoclonal antibodies), serotonin 5-HT1F receptor agonists (ditans) non-invasive neuromodulation, as well providing brief new evidence classic treatments.

Language: Английский

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Exploring Novel Therapeutic Targets in the Common Pathogenic Factors in Migraine and Neuropathic Pain

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(4), P. 4114 - 4114

Published: Feb. 18, 2023

Migraine and neuropathic pain (NP) are both painful, disabling, chronic conditions which exhibit some symptom similarities thus considered to share a common etiology. The calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) has gained credit as target for migraine management; nevertheless, the efficacy applicability of CGRP modifiers warrant search more effective therapeutic targets management. This scoping review focuses on human studies pathogenic factors in NP, with reference available preclinical evidence explore potential novel targets. inhibitors monoclonal antibodies alleviate inflammation meninges; targeting transient receptor (TRP) ion channels may help prevent release nociceptive substances, modifying endocannabinoid system open path toward discovery analgesics. There exist tryptophan-kynurenine (KYN) metabolic system, is closely linked glutamate-induced hyperexcitability; alleviating neuroinflammation complement pain-relieving armamentarium, microglial excitation, observed conditions, be possible approach. Those several analgesic deserve explored analgesics; however, much remains missing. highlights need subtypes, TRP modulators, knowledge status KYN metabolites, consensus cytokines sampling, biomarkers function, innovative management methods NP.

Language: Английский

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