Much More than Nutrients: The Protective Effects of Nutraceuticals on the Blood–Brain Barrier in Diseases

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(5), P. 766 - 766

Published: Feb. 21, 2025

The dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is well described in several diseases, and considered a pathological factor many neurological disorders. This review summarizes most important groups natural compounds, including alkaloids, flavonoids, anthocyanidines, carotenoids, lipids, vitamins that were investigated for their potential protective effects on brain endothelium. penetration these compounds interaction with BBB efflux transporters solute carriers are discussed. cerebrovascular endothelium therapeutic target diseases. In preclinical studies modeling systemic central nervous system nutraceuticals exerted beneficial BBB. vivo, they decreased permeability, edema, astrocyte swelling, morphological changes vessel structure basal lamina. At level endothelial cells, increased cell survival apoptosis. From general functions, angiogenesis levels vasodilating agents demonstrated. elevated integrity by tightened intercellular junctions, expression activity transporters, such as pumps, carriers, metabolic enzymes, shown. Nutraceuticals enhanced antioxidative defense anti-inflammatory at signaling mediating stability activation WNT, PI3K-AKT, NRF2 pathways, inhibition MAPK, JNK, ERK, NF-κB pathways. represent valuable source new potentially molecules to treat diseases protecting

Language: Английский

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Is migraine a common manifestation of CADASIL? Arguments Pros

The Journal of Headache and Pain, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(1)

Published: April 1, 2025

Abstract Background Migraine with aura (MA) is a hallmark feature of CADASIL, hereditary small-vessel disease caused by NOTCH3 mutations. While MA prevalent in its underlying mechanisms remain unclear, and the links observed can be questioned or debated. This study examined prevalence, clinical characteristics, pathophysiology patients CADASIL. Methods Clinical experimental data were reviewed to assess sex differences, pathophysiological insights from CADASIL models confirm indisputable between migraine this unique genetic model cerebral small vessel disease. Results was 10–20 times more than general population, frequent atypical prolonged auras. The altered distribution delayed onset suggest disease-specific mechanisms. Experimental also revealed heightened susceptibility cortical spreading depression (CSD) preclinical models, linked greater fragility maintaining ionic homeostasis. Conclusion high prevalence distinct features, as well obtained at level, strongly support causal relationship mediated neurovascular dysfunction Accumulating condition sheds new light on much-debated cerebrovascular diseases.

Language: Английский

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Reprogramming metabolic microenvironment for nerve regeneration via waterborne polylactic acid-polyurethane copolymer scaffolds

Biomaterials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 315, P. 122942 - 122942

Published: Nov. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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Blood–brain barrier disruption: a pervasive driver and mechanistic link between traumatic brain injury and Alzheimer's disease

Translational Neurodegeneration, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: March 26, 2025

Abstract Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has emerged as a significant risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), complex and devastating neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive cognitive decline memory loss. Both conditions share common feature: blood‒brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction, which is believed to play pivotal role in linking TBI the development of AD. This review delves into intricate relationship between AD, with focus on BBB dysfunction its critical mechanisms therapeutic development. We first present recent evidence from epidemiological studies highlighting increased incidence AD among individuals history TBI, well pathological animal model that demonstrate how can accelerate AD-like pathology. Next, we explore may mediate TBI-induced Finally, investigate shared molecular pathways associated both discuss latest findings targeting these employing regenerative approaches, such stem cell therapy pharmacological interventions, enhance function mitigate neurodegeneration.

Language: Английский

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Sport-Related Concussions in High School Athletes: A Comprehensive Update

Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 25(1)

Published: April 25, 2025

Language: Английский

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Meningeal lymphatic drainage: novel insights into central nervous system disease

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: May 4, 2025

Abstract In recent years, increasing evidence has suggested that meningeal lymphatic drainage plays a significant role in central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Studies have indicated CNS diseases and conditions associated with dysfunction include neurodegenerative diseases, stroke, infections, traumatic brain injury, tumors, functional cranial disorders, hydrocephalus. However, the understanding of regulatory damage mechanisms lymphatics under physiological pathological is currently limited. Given importance profound interplay between this review covers seven key aspects: development structure vessels, methods for observing lymphatics, function molecular relationships vessels potential conclusions outstanding questions. We will explore relationship development, structure, current both animal models humans, identify unresolved points research. The aim to provide new directions future research therapeutic strategies targeting by critically analyzing advancements field, identifying gaps knowledge, proposing innovative approaches address these gaps.

Language: Английский

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Recovery from Spreading Depolarization is slowed by aging and accelerated by antioxidant treatment in locusts

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 12, 2024

Abstract Spreading depolarization (SD) temporarily shuts down neural processing in nervous systems with effective blood brain barriers. In mammals this is usually pathological response to energetic stress. insects a very similar process induced by abiotic environmental stressors and can be beneficial conserving energy. Age critical factor for predicting the consequences of SD humans. We investigated effect aging on an insect model explored contribution oxidative Aging slowed recovery intact locusts from asphyxia water submersion. semi-intact preparations we monitored recording DC potential across barrier bath application Na + /K -ATPase inhibitor, ouabain. Treatment ouabain changes that could separated into two distinct components: slow, permanent negative shift, ultraslow recorded human patients, as well rapid, reversible shifts (SD events). had no slow shift but increased duration events ∼0.6 minutes young ∼0.9 old ones. This was accompanied decrease rate at end event, ∼1.5 mV/s (young) (old). An attempt generate stress using rotenone unsuccessful, pretreatment antioxidant, N-acetylcysteine amide, opposite effects those aging, reducing (control ∼1.1 minutes, NACA ∼0.7 minutes) increasing ∼0.5 mV/s, ∼1.0 mV/s) suggesting it prevented damage occurring during treatment. The antioxidant also reduced shift. propose locust system more vulnerable due prior accumulation damage. Our findings strengthen notion provide useful models investigation cellular molecular mechanisms underlying mammals. Significance Statement Anoxia crises trigger shutdown central spreading which generally protective insects. show some variability attributed age, such older animals are slower recover. Moreover, preventing speeds recovery. These demonstrate role contributing vulnerability CNS emergencies. Figure Graphical Robertson Wang - Locust Depolarization

Language: Английский

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Paroxysmal Slow Wave Events as a diagnostic and predictive biomarker for post-traumatic epilepsy

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 16, 2024

Abstract Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major global health concern, affecting more than 40 million people annually. While most cases are mild and present with light symptoms, repeated injuries can result in delayed pathologies, including cognitive decline, neuropsychiatric complications, post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE). PTE refers to recurring, unprovoked seizures occurring at least one week after TBI. the link between moderate severe TBI well established, epileptogenesis repetitive (rmTBI) seldom studied. Currently, there no biomarkers identify those risk of developing PTE, its diagnosis challenging. Here, we used rat model study following rmTBI assessed human EEG data potential for PTE. We employed closed head induce rmTBI, recorded activity using electrocorticography (ECoG) 2- 6-months post-injury. Behavioral assessments post-mortem analysis were also conducted. In humans, analyzed recordings from Temple University database investigate EEG-derived features diagnosing At 6 months post injury, 70% animals developed compared 22% control group (P=0.01). neurological did not predict paroxysmal slow wave events (PSWEs) found be reliable biomarker prediction. percentage time PSWEs was significantly elevated patients epileptiform activity. conclusion, suggest as non-invasive, cost-effective rodents patients.

Language: Английский

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Anesthetics in pathological cerebrovascular conditions

Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 25, 2024

The increasing prevalence of pathological cerebrovascular conditions, including stroke, hypertensive encephalopathy, and chronic disorders, underscores the importance anesthetic considerations for affected patients. Preserving cerebral oxygenation blood flow during anesthesia is paramount to prevent neurological deterioration. Furthermore, protecting vulnerable neurons from damage crucial optimal outcomes. Recent research suggests that agents may provide a potentially therapeutic approach managing conditions. Anesthetics target neural mechanisms underlying dysfunction, thereby modulating neuroinflammation, against ischemic injury, improving hemodynamics. However, strategies regarding mechanisms, dosage, indications remain uncertain. This review aims clarify physiological effects, action, reported neuroprotective benefits anesthetics in patients with various Investigating effects disease holds promise developing novel strategies.

Language: Английский

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