Neuromodulation of Brain State and Behavior

Annual Review of Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 43(1), P. 391 - 415

Published: April 6, 2020

Neural activity and behavior are both notoriously variable, with responses differing widely between repeated presentation of identical stimuli or trials. Recent results in humans animals reveal that these variations not random their nature, but may fact be due large part to rapid shifts neural, cognitive, behavioral states. Here we review recent advances the understanding waking state, how generated, they modulate neural mice humans. We propose brain has an identifiable set states through which it wanders continuously a nonrandom fashion, owing ascending modulatory fast-acting corticocortical subcortical-cortical pathways. These state provide backdrop upon operates, them is critical making progress revealing mechanisms underlying cognition behavior.

Language: Английский

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Value-guided remapping of sensory cortex by lateral orbitofrontal cortex

Nature, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 585(7824), P. 245 - 250

Published: Sept. 3, 2020

Language: Английский

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A novel somatosensory spatial navigation system outside the hippocampal formation

Cell Research, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 31(6), P. 649 - 663

Published: Jan. 18, 2021

Abstract Spatially selective firing of place cells, grid boundary vector/border cells and head direction constitutes the basic building blocks a canonical spatial navigation system centered on hippocampal-entorhinal complex. While can be found throughout brain, tuning outside hippocampal formation is often non-specific or conjunctive to other representations such as reward. Although precise mechanism spatially activity not understood, various studies show sensory inputs, particularly vision, heavily modulate representation in circuit. To better understand contribution inputs shaping we performed recording from primary somatosensory cortex foraging rats. our surprise, were able detect full complement patterns similar that reported network, namely, cortex. These newly identified form map support hypothesis location information modulates body Our findings provide transformative insights into understanding how processed integrated well functional operations context rehabilitation with brain-machine interfaces.

Language: Английский

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Pupil diameter is not an accurate real-time readout of locus coeruleus activity

eLife, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Feb. 2, 2022

Pupil diameter is often treated as a noninvasive readout of activity in the locus coeruleus (LC). However, how accurately it can be used to index LC not known. To address this question, we established graded relationship between pupil size changes and spiking mice, where dilation increased monotonically with number spikes. exists substantial variability such that only predict small fraction on moment-by-moment basis. In addition, exhibited large session-to-session fluctuations response identical optical stimulation LC. The variations pupil-LC were strongly correlated decision bias-related behavioral variables. Together, our data show an overall activity, further suggest dynamically modulated by brain states, supporting extending previous findings (Yang et al., 2021).

Language: Английский

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Cholinergic and noradrenergic axonal activity contains a behavioral-state signal that is coordinated across the dorsal cortex

eLife, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: April 27, 2023

Fluctuations in brain and behavioral state are supported by broadly projecting neuromodulatory systems. In this study, we use mesoscale two-photon calcium imaging to examine spontaneous activity of cholinergic noradrenergic axons awake mice order determine the interaction between arousal/movement transitions across dorsal cortex at distances separated up 4 mm. We confirm that GCaMP6s within axonal projections both basal forebrain locus coeruleus neurons track arousal, indexed as pupil diameter, changes engagement, reflected bouts whisker movement and/or locomotion. The broad coordination even distant segments indicates these systems can communicate, part, through a global signal, especially relation state. addition coordinated activity, also find evidence subpopulation may exhibit heterogeneity appears be independent our measures By monitoring interneurons cortex, found cells state-dependent (arousal/movement) activity. These results demonstrate provide prominent synchronized signal related state, therefore contribute cortical excitability.

Language: Английский

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Syngap1 promotes cognitive function through regulation of cortical sensorimotor dynamics

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: Jan. 18, 2025

Perception, a cognitive construct, emerges through sensorimotor integration (SMI). The genetic mechanisms that shape SMI required for perception are unknown. Here, we demonstrate in mice expression of the autism/intellectual disability gene, Syngap1, cortical excitatory neurons is formation somatomotor networks promote SMI-mediated perception. Cortical Syngap1 was necessary and sufficient setting tactile sensitivity, sustaining object exploration, promoting learning. Mice with deficient exhibited impaired neural dynamics induced by exploratory touches within cortical-thalamic network promotes attention Disrupted neuronal were associated circuit-specific long-range synaptic connectivity abnormalities. Our data support model where autonomous abilities assembly circuits integrate temporally-overlapping sensory motor signals, process attention. These provide systems-level insights into robust association between ability.

Language: Английский

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Anatomically and functionally distinct thalamocortical inputs to primary and secondary mouse whisker somatosensory cortices

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: July 3, 2020

Abstract Subdivisions of mouse whisker somatosensory thalamus project to cortex in a region-specific and layer-specific manner. However, clear anatomical dissection these pathways their functional properties during sensation is lacking. Here, we use anterograde trans-synaptic viral vectors identify three specific thalamic subpopulations based on connectivity with brainstem. The principal trigeminal nucleus innervates ventral posterior medial thalamus, which conveys whisker-selective tactile information layer 4 primary that highly sensitive self-initiated movements. spinal rostral part the (POm) signaling sensory information, as well decision-related goal-directed behavior, secondary cortex. A caudal POm, apparently does not receive brainstem input, 1 5A, responding little selectivity, but showing modulation. Our results suggest existence complementary segregated streams cortices.

Language: Английский

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Recurrent interactions in local cortical circuits

Nature, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 579(7798), P. 256 - 259

Published: March 4, 2020

Language: Английский

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Pathway-, layer- and cell-type-specific thalamic input to mouse barrel cortex

eLife, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 8

Published: Dec. 20, 2019

Mouse primary somatosensory barrel cortex (wS1) processes whisker sensory information, receiving input from two distinct thalamic nuclei. The first-order ventral posterior medial (VPM) nucleus most densely innervates layer 4 (L4) barrels, whereas the higher-order (medial part, POm) L1 and L5A. We optogenetically stimulated VPM or POm axons, recorded evoked excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) in different cell-types across cortical layers wS1. found that neurons parvalbumin-expressing inhibitory received largest EPSPs, dominated by to L4 In contrast, somatostatin-expressing very little either pathway any layer. Vasoactive intestinal peptide-expressing an intermediate level of with less apparent layer-specificity. Our data help understand how wS1 neocortical microcircuits might process integrate inputs.

Language: Английский

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Neuronal Circuits in Barrel Cortex for Whisker Sensory Perception

Physiological Reviews, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 101(1), P. 353 - 415

Published: Aug. 20, 2020

The array of whiskers on the snout provides rodents with tactile sensory information relating to size, shape and texture objects in their immediate environment. Rodents can use detect stimuli, distinguish textures, locate navigate. Important aspects whisker sensation are thought result from neuronal computations somatosensory cortex (wS1). Each is individually represented somatotopic map wS1 by an anatomical unit named a ‘barrel’ (hence also called barrel cortex). This allows precise investigation processing context well-defined map. Here, we first review signaling pathways wS1, then discuss current understanding various types excitatory inhibitory neurons present within wS1. Different classes cells be defined according anatomical, electrophysiological molecular features. synaptic connectivity local microcircuits, as well long-range interactions impact neuromodulators, beginning understood. Recent technological progress has allowed cell-type-specific related activity during whisker-related behaviors. An important goal for future research obtain causal mechanistic how selected processed specific synaptically connected networks signaled downstream brain areas, thus contributing sensory-guided decision-making.

Language: Английский

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