Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
121(2)
Published: Jan. 4, 2024
Adult
second
language
(L2)
learning
is
a
challenging
enterprise
inducing
neuroplastic
changes
in
the
human
brain.
However,
it
remains
unclear
how
structural
connectome
and
its
subnetworks
change
during
adult
L2
learning.
The
current
study
investigated
longitudinal
white
matter
(WM)
networks
each
hemisphere,
as
well
their
interconnection,
large
group
of
Arabic-speaking
adults
who
learned
German
intensively
for
6
mo.
We
found
significant
increase
WM-connectivity
within
bilateral
temporal-parietal
semantic
phonological
right
temporal-frontal
pathways
mainly
half
period.
At
same
time,
between
two
hemispheres
decreased
significantly.
Crucially,
these
are
correlated
with
performance.
observed
suggest
network
reconfiguration
due
to
lexical
reduced
interhemispheric
connectivity
may
indicate
key
role
corpus
callosum
by
reducing
inhibition
language-dominant
left
hemisphere.
Our
highlights
dynamic
across
language-related
driven
International Journal of Biological Sciences,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
18(4), P. 1328 - 1346
Published: Jan. 1, 2022
Rationale:The
neuroinflammation
is
necessary
for
glial
group
initiation
and
clearance
of
damaged
cell
debris
after
nerve
injury.However,
the
proinflammatory
polarization
excessive
microglia
amplifies
secondary
injury
via
enhancing
cross-talk
with
astrocytes
exacerbating
neurological
destruction
spinal
cord
(SCI).The
glucagon-like
peptide-1
receptor
(GLP-1R)
agonist
has
been
previously
shown
to
have
a
neuroprotective
effect
in
neurodegeneration,
whereas
its
potency
microglial
inflammation
SCI
still
unknown.Methods:
The
mechanism
GLP-1R
activation
by
exendin-4
(Ex-4)
were
investigated
vitro
cultured
groups
vivo
mice.Alterations
gene
expression
inflammatory
measured
using
mRNA
sequencing.The
polarization,
neuroinflammatory
level,
astrocyte
reaction
detected
western
blotting,
flow
cytometry,
immunofluorescence.The
recoveries
histology
function
also
observed
imaging
ethological
examinations.Results:
attenuated
microglia-induced
reversing
M1
subtypes
M2
vivo.In
addition,
blocked
production
reactive
astrocytes.We
found
less
neuroinflammation,
astrocytes,
corrected
myelin
integrity,
ameliorated
histology,
improved
locomotor
mice
treated
Ex-4.Mechanistically,
we
that
Ex-4
rescued
RNA
Arf
Rho
GAP
adapter
protein
3
(ARAP3).Knockdown
ARAP3
reversed
RhoA
pharmacological
on
anti-inflammation
vitro.Conclusion:
exhibited
unidentified
role
reducing
mediation
PI3K/ARAP3/RhoA
signaling
pathway,
targeting
microglia,
exerted
post-SCI,
implying
was
therapeutical
option
treatment
injury.
Cell Proliferation,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
55(10)
Published: July 20, 2022
Abstract
Objectives
Cognitive
dysfunction
has
been
identified
as
a
major
symptom
of
series
psychiatric
disorders.
Multidisciplinary
studies
have
shown
that
cognitive
is
monitored
by
two‐way
interaction
between
the
neural
and
immune
systems.
However,
specific
mechanisms
in
response
brain
remain
unclear.
Materials
methods
In
this
review,
we
summarized
relevant
research
to
uncover
our
comprehension
brain–immune
underlying
decline.
Results
The
pathophysiological
brain‐immune
interactions
psychiatric‐based
involve
several
molecules
their
associated
signaling
pathways,
impairments
synaptic
plasticity,
potential
neuro‐immunological
mechanism
stress.
Conclusions
Therefore,
review
may
provide
better
theoretical
basis
for
integrative
therapeutic
considerations
disorders
with
dysfunction.
The
human
brain
supports
social
cognitive
functions,
including
Theory
of
Mind,
empathy,
and
compassion,
through
its
intrinsic
hierarchical
organization.
However,
it
remains
unclear
how
the
learning
refinement
skills
shapes
function
structure.
We
studied
if
different
types
mental
training
induce
changes
in
cortical
microstructure,
investigating
332
healthy
adults
(197
women,
20–55
years)
with
repeated
multimodal
neuroimaging
behavioral
testing.
Our
approach
examined
longitudinal
functional
gradients
myelin-sensitive
T1
relaxometry,
two
complementary
measures
observed
marked
which
varied
as
a
content.
In
particular,
microstructure
changed
result
attention-mindfulness
socio-cognitive
regions
functionally
associated
attention
interoception,
insular
parietal
cortices.
Conversely,
socio-affective
resulted
differential
microstructural
classically
implicated
interoceptive
emotional
processing,
orbitofrontal
areas,
but
did
not
reorganization.
Notably,
predicted
change
attention,
compassion
perspective-taking.
work
demonstrates
plasticity
after
social-interoceptive
illustrates
bidirectional
relationship
between
organisation
skills.
Aging and Disease,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
15(2), P. 698 - 698
Published: Aug. 2, 2023
Cellular
senescence
is
an
irreversible
and
multifaceted
process
inducing
tissue
dysfunction
organismal
aging,
thus
the
clearance
of
senescent
cells
can
prevent
or
delay
onset
aging-related
pathologies.
Herein,
we
developed
augmented
photothermal
therapy
strategy
integrated
with
antibody
against
β2-microglobulin
(aB2MG)
immune
adjuvant
imiquimod
(R837)
to
effectively
accelerate
cell
apoptosis
under
a
near-infrared
light.
With
this
strategy,
designed
CroR@aB2MG
enables
targeting
application
concomitantly,
initiation
subsequently,
finally
realization
protective
effects
senescence.
Our
results
showed
that
photo-induced
heating
effect
caused
quickly
undergo
synchronous
response
accelerated
in
vitro
vivo.
Therefore,
photoactivated
speedy
clearing
may
provide
efficient
way
for
treatment
senescence-related
diseases
by
eliminating
biomaterials.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
121(2)
Published: Jan. 4, 2024
Adult
second
language
(L2)
learning
is
a
challenging
enterprise
inducing
neuroplastic
changes
in
the
human
brain.
However,
it
remains
unclear
how
structural
connectome
and
its
subnetworks
change
during
adult
L2
learning.
The
current
study
investigated
longitudinal
white
matter
(WM)
networks
each
hemisphere,
as
well
their
interconnection,
large
group
of
Arabic-speaking
adults
who
learned
German
intensively
for
6
mo.
We
found
significant
increase
WM-connectivity
within
bilateral
temporal-parietal
semantic
phonological
right
temporal-frontal
pathways
mainly
half
period.
At
same
time,
between
two
hemispheres
decreased
significantly.
Crucially,
these
are
correlated
with
performance.
observed
suggest
network
reconfiguration
due
to
lexical
reduced
interhemispheric
connectivity
may
indicate
key
role
corpus
callosum
by
reducing
inhibition
language-dominant
left
hemisphere.
Our
highlights
dynamic
across
language-related
driven
