Looking back on biodiversity change: lessons for the road ahead DOI Open Access
María Dornelas, Jonathan M. Chase, Nicholas J. Gotelli

et al.

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 378(1881)

Published: May 29, 2023

Estimating biodiversity change across the planet in context of widespread human modification is a critical challenge. Here, we review how has changed recent decades scales and taxonomic groups, focusing on four diversity metrics: species richness, temporal turnover, spatial beta-diversity abundance. At local scales, all metrics includes many examples both increases declines tends to be centred around zero, but with higher prevalence declining trends (increasing similarity composition space or biotic homogenization) The exception this pattern changes through time observed most assemblages. Less known about at regional although several studies suggest that richness are more prevalent than declines. Change global scale hardest estimate accurately, extinction rates probably outpacing speciation rates, elevated. Recognizing variability essential accurately portray unfolding, highlights much remains unknown magnitude direction multiple different scales. Reducing these blind spots allow appropriate management actions deployed. This article part theme issue ‘Detecting attributing causes change: needs, gaps solutions’.

Language: Английский

Climate Change 2022 – Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability DOI Open Access

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

Published: June 22, 2023

The Working Group II contribution to the Sixth Assessment Report of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) provides a comprehensive assessment scientific literature relevant climate change impacts, adaptation and vulnerability. report recognizes interactions climate, ecosystems biodiversity, human societies, integrates across natural, ecological, social economic sciences. It emphasizes how efforts in reducing greenhouse gas emissions can come together process called resilient development, which enables liveable future for biodiversity humankind. IPCC is leading body assessing science. reports are produced comprehensive, objective transparent ways, ensuring they reflect full range views literature. Novel elements include focused topical assessments, an atlas presenting observed impacts risks from global regional scales. Available as Open Access Cambridge Core.

Language: Английский

Citations

5082
Humboldt’s enigma: What causes global patterns of mountain biodiversity? DOI Open Access
Carsten Rahbek, Michael K. Borregaard, Robert K. Colwell

et al.

Science, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 365(6458), P. 1108 - 1113

Published: Sept. 12, 2019

Mountains contribute disproportionately to the terrestrial biodiversity of Earth, especially in tropics, where they host hotspots extraordinary and puzzling richness. With about 25% all land area, mountain regions are home more than 85% world's species amphibians, birds, mammals, many entirely restricted mountains. Biodiversity varies markedly among these regions. Together with extreme richness some tropical mountains, this variation has proven challenging explain under traditional climatic hypotheses. However, complex characteristics rugged differ fundamentally from those lowland regions, likely playing a key role generating maintaining diversity. ongoing global changes climate use, mountains as refugia for may well come threat.

Language: Английский

Citations

764
Climate–land-use interactions shape tropical mountain biodiversity and ecosystem functions DOI
Marcell K. Peters, Andreas Hemp,

Tim Appelhans

et al.

Nature, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 568(7750), P. 88 - 92

Published: March 27, 2019

Language: Английский

Citations

456
Meta-analysis of multidecadal biodiversity trends in Europe DOI Creative Commons
Francesca Pilotto, Ingolf Kühn,

Rita Adrian

et al.

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: July 13, 2020

Abstract Local biodiversity trends over time are likely to be decoupled from global trends, as local processes may compensate or counteract change. We analyze 161 long-term biological series (15–91 years) collected across Europe, using a comprehensive dataset comprising ~6,200 marine, freshwater and terrestrial taxa. test whether (i) consistent among biogeoregions, realms taxonomic groups, (ii) changes in correlate with regional climate conditions. Our results reveal that of abundance, richness diversity differ demonstrating at scale often complex cannot easily generalized. However, we find increases abundance increasing temperature naturalness well clear spatial pattern community composition (i.e. temporal turnover) most biogeoregions Northern Eastern Europe.

Language: Английский

Citations

416
Scientists' warning on climate change and insects DOI
Jeffrey A. Harvey, Kévin Tougeron, Rieta Gols

et al.

Ecological Monographs, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 93(1)

Published: Nov. 7, 2022

Abstract Climate warming is considered to be among the most serious of anthropogenic stresses environment, because it not only has direct effects on biodiversity, but also exacerbates harmful other human‐mediated threats. The associated consequences are potentially severe, particularly in terms threats species preservation, as well preservation an array ecosystem services provided by biodiversity. Among affected groups animals insects—central components many ecosystems—for which climate change pervasive from individuals communities. In this contribution scientists' warning series, we summarize effect gradual global surface temperature increase insects, physiology, behavior, phenology, distribution, and interactions, increased frequency duration extreme events such hot cold spells, fires, droughts, floods these parameters. We warn that, if no action taken better understand reduce will drastically our ability build a sustainable future based healthy, functional ecosystems. discuss perspectives relevant ways conserve insects face change, offer several key recommendations management approaches that can adopted, policies should pursued, involvement general public protection effort.

Language: Английский

Citations

334
Plant Secondary Metabolites Produced in Response to Abiotic Stresses Has Potential Application in Pharmaceutical Product Development DOI Creative Commons
Karma Yeshi, Darren M. Crayn, Edita Ritmejeryté

et al.

Molecules, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 27(1), P. 313 - 313

Published: Jan. 5, 2022

Plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) are vital for human health and constitute the skeletal framework of many pharmaceutical drugs. Indeed, more than 25% existing drugs belong to PSMs. One continuing challenges drug discovery industries is gaining access natural products, including medicinal plants. This bottleneck heightened endangered species prohibited large sample collection, even if they show biological hits. While cultivating pharmaceutically interesting plant may be a solution, it not always possible grow organism outside its habitat. Plants affected by abiotic stress present potential alternative source discovery. In order overcome environmental stressors, plants mount defense response producing diversity PSMs avoid cells tissue damage. either synthesize new chemicals or increase concentration (in most instances) chemicals, prominent bioactive lead compounds morphine, camptothecin, catharanthine, epicatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), quercetin, resveratrol, kaempferol. Most produced under various conditions functionally anti-inflammatory antioxidative. The major PSM groups terpenoids, followed alkaloids phenolic compounds. We have searched literature on (primarily studied in simulated growth conditions) their (including pharmacological activities) from PubMed, Scopus, MEDLINE Ovid, Google Scholar, Databases, journal websites. used search keywords: “stress-affected plants,” “plant metabolites, “abiotic stress,” “climatic influence,” “pharmacological activities,” “bioactive compounds,” “drug discovery,” “medicinal plants” retrieved published between 1973 2021. review provides an overview variation phytochemical production biodiscovery therapeutic excluded studies effects biotic

Language: Английский

Citations

308
Ozone depletion, ultraviolet radiation, climate change and prospects for a sustainable future DOI
Paul W. Barnes, Craig E. Williamson, Robyn Lucas

et al.

Nature Sustainability, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 2(7), P. 569 - 579

Published: June 24, 2019

Language: Английский

Citations

280
Widespread but heterogeneous responses of Andean forests to climate change DOI
Belén Fadrique, Selene Báez, Álvaro Duque

et al.

Nature, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 564(7735), P. 207 - 212

Published: Nov. 13, 2018

Language: Английский

Citations

258
sPlot – A new tool for global vegetation analyses DOI Creative Commons
Helge Bruelheide, Jürgen Dengler, Borja Jiménez‐Alfaro

et al.

Journal of Vegetation Science, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 30(2), P. 161 - 186

Published: Feb. 5, 2019

Abstract Aims Vegetation‐plot records provide information on the presence and cover or abundance of plants co‐occurring in same community. data are spread across research groups, environmental agencies biodiversity centers and, thus, rarely accessible at continental global scales. Here we present sPlot database, which collates vegetation plots worldwide to allow for exploration patterns taxonomic, functional phylogenetic diversity plant community level. Results version 2.1 contains from 1,121,244 plots, comprise 23,586,216 species their relative collected between 1885 2015. We complemented each plot by retrieving climate soil conditions biogeographic context (e.g., biomes) external sources, calculating community‐weighted means variances traits using gap‐filled trait database TRY. Moreover, created a tree 50,167 out 54,519 identified plots. first maps richness key traits. Conclusions The availability offers new avenues analysis scale.

Language: Английский

Citations

244
Above- and belowground linkages shape responses of mountain vegetation to climate change DOI Open Access
Frank Hagedorn, Konstantin Gavazov, Jake M. Alexander

et al.

Science, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 365(6458), P. 1119 - 1123

Published: Sept. 12, 2019

Upward shifts of mountain vegetation lag behind rates climate warming, partly related to interconnected changes belowground. Here, we unravel above- and belowground linkages by drawing insights from short-term experimental manipulations elevation gradient studies. Soils will likely gain carbon in early successional ecosystems, while losing as forest expands upward, the slow, high-elevation soil development constrain warming-induced shifts. Current approaches fail predict pace these how much they be modified interactions among plants biota. Integrating soils their biota into monitoring programs, combined with innovative comparative approaches, crucial overcome paucity data better understand ecosystem dynamics feedbacks climate.

Language: Английский

Citations

199