Unexpected fish diversity gradients in the Amazon basin

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 5(9)

Published: Sept. 6, 2019

Atypical fish diversity gradients suggest a recent formation of the Amazon system such as we know it today.

Language: Английский

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Cell-Based Fish: A Novel Approach to Seafood Production and an Opportunity for Cellular Agriculture

Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 3

Published: June 11, 2019

Cellular agriculture is defined as the production of agricultural products from cell cultures rather than whole plants or animals. With growing interest in cellular a means to address public health, environmental, and animal welfare challenges agriculture, concept producing seafood fish cell- tissue-cultures emerging similar with industrial aquaculture systems marine capture. Cell-based - opposed animal-based can combine developments biomedical engineering modern techniques. Biomedical such closed-system bioreactor land cells create basis for large scale cells. Aquaculture techniques genetic modification closed system have achieved marked gains that pave way innovations cell-based production. Here, we present current state innovation relevant development across multiple species well specific opportunities exist advancing this science. The authors find physiological properties tissue- culture may be uniquely suited cultivation vitro. These properties, including hypoxia tolerance, high buffering capacity, low-temperature growth conditions, make an attractive opportunity seafood; perhaps even more so mammalian avian meats. This, coupled unique capabilities crustacean tissue-friendly scaffolding chitosan, common waste product mushroom derivative, presents great promise via cultivation. To become fully realized, research will require understanding muscle cultivation; investigation into serum-free media formulations optimized culture; designs tuned needs

Language: Английский

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An r package and online resource for macroevolutionary studies using the ray‐finned fish tree of life

Methods in Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 10(7), P. 1118 - 1124

Published: March 28, 2019

Abstract Comprehensive, time‐scaled phylogenies provide a critical resource for many questions in ecology, evolution and biodiversity. Methodological advances have increased the breadth of taxonomic coverage phylogenetic data; however, accessing reusing these data remain challenging. We introduce Fish Tree Life website associated r package fishtree to convenient access sequences, phylogenies, fossil calibrations diversification rate estimates most diverse group vertebrate organisms, ray‐finned fishes. The presents subsets visual summaries comparative data, is complemented by package, which provides flexible programmatic same underlying source advanced users wishing extend or reanalyse data. demonstrate functionality with an overview website, show three examples usage through package. First, we test presence long branch attraction artefacts across fish tree life. second example examines effects habitat on pufferfishes. final demonstrates how community analysis could be conducted This makes large dataset easily accessible via while enables rapid reuse reproducibility research results its ability integrate other packages software molecular biology methods.

Language: Английский

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Assessing the utility of conserving evolutionary history

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 94(5), P. 1740 - 1760

Published: May 31, 2019

ABSTRACT It is often claimed that conserving evolutionary history more efficient than species‐based approaches for capturing the attributes of biodiversity benefit people. This claim underpins academic analyses and recommendations about distribution prioritization species areas conservation, but rarely considered in practical conservation activities. One impediment to implementation arguments related human‐centric benefits are vague underlying mechanisms poorly explored. Herein we identify linking with people, each explicate purported mechanism, evaluate its theoretical empirical support. We find that, even after 25 years research, strength evidence human still fragile. Most – not all rely on assumption a useful surrogate phenotypic diversity. surrogacy relationship turn underlies additional arguments, particularly by diversity, will preserve greater ecosystem functioning, capture natural variety humans prefer, allow maintenance future humans. A between diversity appears reasonable given results, this varies greatly. To extent captures unmeasured maximizing representation should variation characteristics otherwise unknown, supporting some existing arguments. However, there great availability associated protecting There many studies finding positive biodiversity–ecosystem functioning relationships, little work exists or degree which prefer sets high history. Although several link protection directly reduction extinction rates, production relatively via increased adaptation diversification, few direct tests. Several these putative have mismatches relevant spatial scales actions at realized. be important fill gaps through tests define here.

Language: Английский

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Comparing environmental DNA metabarcoding and underwater visual census to monitor tropical reef fishes

Environmental DNA, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 3(1), P. 142 - 156

Published: Oct. 2, 2020

Abstract Environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis is a revolutionary method to monitor marine biodiversity from animal traces. Examining the capacity of eDNA provide accurate measures in species‐rich ecosystems such as coral reefs prerequisite for their application long‐term monitoring. Here, we surveyed two Colombian tropical reefs, island Providencia and Gayraca Bay near Santa Marta, using underwater visual census (UVC) methods. We collected large quantity surface water (30 L per filter) above applied metabarcoding protocol three different primer sets targeting 12S mitochondrial DNA, which are specific vertebrates Actinopterygii Elasmobranchii. By assigning sequences species public reference database, detected presence 107 85 fish species, 106 92 genera, 73 57 families Bay, respectively. Of identified eDNA, 32.7% (Providencia) 18.8% (Gayraca) were also found UVCs. further congruence genus richness abundance between UVC approaches but not Bay. Mismatches had phylogenetic ecological signal, with detecting broader diversity more effectively smaller pelagic those deeper habitats. Altogether, can be used fast broad surveys applicable tropics, improved coverage database required before this new could serve an effective complement traditional

Language: Английский

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