The Anti-Inflammatory Actions and Mechanisms of Acupuncture from Acupoint to Target Organs via Neuro-Immune Regulation

Journal of Inflammation Research, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: Volume 14, P. 7191 - 7224

Published: Dec. 1, 2021

Inflammation plays a significant role in the occurrence and development of multiple diseases. This study comprehensively reviews presents literature from last five years, showing that acupuncture indeed exerts strong anti-inflammatory effects biological systems, namely, immune, digestive, respiratory, nervous, locomotory, circulatory, endocrine, genitourinary systems. It is well known localized acupuncture-mediated involve regulation populations functions immune cells, including macrophages, granulocytes, mast T cells. In stimulation, macrophages transform M1 to M2 phenotype negative TLR4 regulator PPARγ activated inhibit intracellular TLR/MyD88 NOD signaling pathways. The downstream IκBα/NF-κB P38 MAPK pathways are subsequently inhibited by acupuncture, followed suppressed production inflammasome proinflammatory mediators. Acupuncture also modulates balance helper cell populations. Furthermore, it inhibits oxidative stress enhancing SOD activity via Nrf2/HO-1 pathway eliminates generation oxygen free radicals, thereby preventing inflammatory infiltration. on different systems specific individual organ microenvironments. As part its action, deforms connective tissue upregulates secretion various molecules acupoints, further activating NF-κB, MAPK, ERK fibroblasts, keratinocytes, monocytes/macrophages. somatic afferents present acupuncture-activated acupoints convey sensory signals spinal cord, brainstem, hypothalamic neurons. Upon information integration brain, stimulates neuro-immune pathways, cholinergic anti-inflammatory, vagus-adrenal medulla-dopamine, sympathetic as hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis, ultimately acting cells release crucial neurotransmitters hormones. review provides scientific reliable basis viewpoints for clinical application conditions.

Language: Английский

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Directed evolution of adeno-associated virus for efficient gene delivery to microglia

Nature Methods, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 19(8), P. 976 - 985

Published: July 25, 2022

Language: Английский

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Early stress-induced impaired microglial pruning of excitatory synapses on immature CRH-expressing neurons provokes aberrant adult stress responses

Cell Reports, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 38(13), P. 110600 - 110600

Published: March 1, 2022

Several mental illnesses, characterized by aberrant stress reactivity, often arise after early-life adversity (ELA). However, it is unclear how ELA affects stress-related brain circuit maturation, provoking these enduring vulnerabilities. We find that increases functional excitatory synapses onto stress-sensitive hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)-expressing neurons, resulting from disrupted developmental synapse pruning adjacent microglia. Microglial process dynamics and synaptic element engulfment were attenuated in mice, associated with deficient signaling of the microglial phagocytic receptor MerTK. Accordingly, selective chronic chemogenetic activation microglia increased reduced density to control levels. Notably, normalized adult acute responses, including stress-induced secretion behavioral threat as well adrenal hypertrophy mice. Thus, actions during development are powerful contributors mechanisms which sculpts connectivity stress-regulating promoting vulnerability illnesses.

Language: Английский

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Insights into Alzheimer’s disease from single-cell genomic approaches

Nature Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 26(2), P. 181 - 195

Published: Jan. 2, 2023

Language: Английский

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Inhibition of colony stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF-1R) as a potential therapeutic strategy for neurodegenerative diseases: opportunities and challenges

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 79(4)

Published: April 1, 2022

Abstract Microglia are specialized dynamic immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS) that plays a crucial role brain homeostasis and disease states. Persistent neuroinflammation is considered hallmark of many neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s (AD), Parkinson's (PD), Huntington’s (HD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) primary progressive multiple (MS). Colony stimulating factor 1-receptor (CSF-1R) predominantly expressed on microglia its expression significantly increased diseases. Cumulative findings have indicated CSF-1R inhibitors can beneficial effects preclinical models. Research using has now been extended into non-human primates humans. This review article summarizes most recent advances different conditions AD, PD, HD, ALS MS. Potential challenges for translating these clinical practice presented.

Language: Английский

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