Water Resources Research,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
58(4)
Published: April 1, 2022
Abstract
Bedrock
vadose
zone
water
storage
(i.e.,
rock
moisture)
dynamics
are
rarely
observed
but
potentially
key
to
understanding
drought
responses.
Exploiting
a
borehole
network
at
Mediterranean
blue
oak
savanna
site—Rancho
Venada—we
document
how
capacity
in
deeply
weathered
bedrock
profiles
regulates
woody
plant
availability
and
groundwater
recharge.
The
site
is
the
Northern
California
Coast
Range
within
steeply
dipping
turbidites.
In
wet
year
(water
2019;
647
mm
of
precipitation),
moisture
was
quickly
replenished
characteristic
capacity,
recharging
that
emerged
springs
generate
streamflow.
subsequent
rainless
summer
growing
season,
depleted
by
about
93
mm.
two
years
followed
(212
121
precipitation)
total
amount
gained
each
winter
54
20
mm,
respectively,
declines
were
documented
exceeding
these
amounts,
resulting
progressively
lower
content.
Oaks,
which
rooted
into
bedrock,
demonstrated
signs
stress
drought,
including
reduced
transpiration
rates
extremely
low
potentials.
2020–2021
precipitation
did
not
exceed
variable
belowground
storage,
increased
stress,
no
recharge
or
runoff.
Rock
deficits
(rather
than
soil
deficits)
explain
Nature Geoscience,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Feb. 9, 2023
The
rooting-zone
water-storage
capacity-the
amount
of
water
accessible
to
plants-controls
the
sensitivity
land-atmosphere
exchange
and
carbon
during
dry
periods.
How
capacity
varies
spatially
is
largely
unknown
not
directly
observable.
Here
we
estimate
globally
from
relationship
between
remotely
sensed
vegetation
activity,
measured
by
combining
evapotranspiration,
sun-induced
fluorescence
radiation
estimates,
cumulative
deficit
calculated
daily
time
series
precipitation
evapotranspiration.
Our
findings
indicate
plant-available
stores
that
exceed
storage
2-m-deep
soils
across
37%
Earth's
vegetated
surface.
We
find
biome-level
variations
capacities
correlate
with
observed
depth
distributions
reflect
influence
hydroclimate,
as
magnitude
annual
water-deficit
extremes.
Smaller-scale
are
linked
topography
land
use.
document
large
spatial
in
effective
root-zone
illustrate
a
tight
link
among
climatology
deficits,
rooting
its
stress.
Global Change Biology,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
28(16), P. 4794 - 4806
Published: April 22, 2022
Earth's
ecosystems
are
increasingly
threatened
by
"hot
drought,"
which
occurs
when
hot
air
temperatures
coincide
with
precipitation
deficits,
intensifying
the
hydrological,
physiological,
and
ecological
effects
of
drought
enhancing
evaporative
losses
soil
moisture
(SM)
increasing
plant
stress
due
to
higher
vapor
pressure
deficit
(VPD).
Drought-induced
reductions
in
gross
primary
production
(GPP)
exert
a
major
influence
on
terrestrial
carbon
sink,
but
extent
hotter
atmospherically
drier
conditions
will
amplify
deficits
cycle
remains
largely
unknown.
During
summer
autumn
2020,
U.S.
Southwest
experienced
one
most
intense
droughts
record,
record-low
record-high
temperature
VPD
across
region.
Here,
we
use
this
natural
experiment
evaluate
GPP
further
decompose
those
negative
anomalies
into
their
constituent
meteorological
hydrological
drivers.
We
found
122
Tg
C
(>25%)
reduction
below
2015-2019
mean,
far
lowest
regional
over
Soil
Moisture
Active
Passive
satellite
record.
Roughly
half
estimated
loss
was
attributable
low
SM
(likely
combination
warming-enhanced
depletion),
record-breaking
amplified
GPP,
contributing
roughly
40%
anomaly.
Both
very
likely
continue
next
century,
leading
more
frequent
substantially
drought-induced
reductions.
Plant Cell & Environment,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
47(9), P. 3561 - 3589
Published: Feb. 13, 2024
An
exponential
rise
in
the
atmospheric
vapour
pressure
deficit
(VPD)
is
among
most
consequential
impacts
of
climate
change
terrestrial
ecosystems.
Rising
VPD
has
negative
and
cascading
effects
on
nearly
all
aspects
plant
function
including
photosynthesis,
water
status,
growth
survival.
These
responses
are
exacerbated
by
land-atmosphere
interactions
that
couple
to
soil
govern
evolution
drought,
affecting
a
range
ecosystem
services
carbon
uptake,
biodiversity,
provisioning
resources
crop
yields.
However,
despite
global
nature
this
phenomenon,
research
how
incorporate
these
into
resilient
management
regimes
largely
its
infancy,
due
part
entanglement
trends
with
those
other
co-evolving
drivers.
Here,
we
review
mechanistic
bases
at
spatial
scales,
paying
particular
attention
independent
interactive
influence
context
environmental
changes.
We
then
evaluate
consequences
within
key
contexts,
resources,
croplands,
wildfire
risk
mitigation
natural
grasslands
forests.
conclude
recommendations
describing
could
be
altered
mitigate
otherwise
highly
deleterious
rising
VPD.
Global Change Biology,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
28(7), P. 2202 - 2220
Published: Dec. 25, 2021
Abstract
Drylands
cover
more
than
40%
of
Earth's
land
surface
and
occur
at
the
margin
forest
distributions
due
to
limited
availability
water
for
tree
growth.
Recent
elevated
temperature
low
precipitation
have
driven
greater
declines
pulses
mortality
on
dryland
sites
compared
humid
sites,
particularly
in
temperate
Eurasia
North
America.
Afforestation
areas
has
been
widely
implemented
is
expected
increase
many
drylands
globally
enhance
carbon
sequestration
benefits
human
environment,
but
interplay
sometimes
conflicting
afforestation
outcomes
not
formally
evaluated
yet.
Most
previous
studies
point
conflicts
between
additional
area
consumption,
particular
yield
soil
conservation/desalinization
drylands,
were
generally
confined
local
regional
scales.
Our
global
synthesis
demonstrates
that
can
amplify
consumption
through
a
nonlinear
evapotranspiration—depending
species,
age,
structure—which
will
be
further
intensified
by
future
climate
change.
In
this
review
we
identify
substantial
knowledge
gaps
addressing
dilemma,
where
there
are
trade‐offs
with
planted
forests
increased
some
resources
habitats
versus
depletion
other
required
sustainable
development
drylands.
Here
propose
method
comprehensive
vegetation
carrying
capacity,
based
regulating
distribution
structure
plantations
better
deal
these
multifunctionality.
We
also
recommend
new
priority
research
topics
afforestation,
including:
responses
feedbacks
change;
shifts
ratio
ecosystem
ET
cover;
assessing
role
scale
influencing
afforestation;
modeling
multifunctionality
forests,
including
both
ecophysiological
socioeconomic
aspects,
under
changing
climate.
