The Lancet Regional Health - Europe, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 35, P. 100747 - 100747
Published: Oct. 13, 2023
Immunocompromised individuals are not optimally protected by COVID-19 vaccines and potentially require additional preventive interventions to mitigate the risk of severe COVID-19. We aimed characterise describe across immunocompromised groups as pandemic began transition an endemic phase.
Language: Английский
Nature Reviews Microbiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown
Published: Jan. 18, 2023
In late 2020, after circulating for almost a year in the human population, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) exhibited major step change its adaptation to humans. These highly mutated forms of SARS-CoV-2 had enhanced rates transmission relative previous variants and were termed 'variants concern' (VOCs). Designated Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta Omicron, VOCs emerged independently from one another, turn each rapidly became dominant, regionally or globally, outcompeting variants. The success VOC previously dominant variant was enabled by altered intrinsic functional properties virus and, various degrees, changes antigenicity conferring ability evade primed immune response. increased fitness associated with is result complex interplay biology context changing immunity due both vaccination prior infection. this Review, we summarize literature on transmissibility variants, role mutations at furin spike cleavage site non-spike proteins, potential importance recombination success, evolution T cells, innate population immunity. shows complicated relationship among antigenicity, virulence, which has unpredictable implications future trajectory disease burden COVID-19.
Language: Английский
Citations
1011
Nature Microbiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 7(8), P. 1161 - 1179
Published: July 7, 2022
Vaccines based on the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 are a cornerstone public health response to COVID-19. The emergence hypermutated, increasingly transmissible variants concern (VOCs) threaten this strategy. Omicron (B.1.1.529), fifth VOC be described, harbours multiple amino acid mutations in spike, half which lie within receptor-binding domain. Here we demonstrate substantial evasion neutralization by BA.1 and BA.2 vitro using sera from individuals vaccinated with ChAdOx1, BNT162b2 mRNA-1273. These data were mirrored reduction real-world vaccine effectiveness that was partially restored booster vaccination. did not induce cell syncytia favoured TMPRSS2-independent endosomal entry pathway, these phenotypes mapping distinct regions protein. Impaired fusion determined domain, while mapped S2 Such marked changes antigenicity replicative biology may underlie rapid global spread altered pathogenicity variant.
Language: Английский
Citations
552
Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 375(6583), P. 864 - 868
Published: Feb. 24, 2022
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron variant of concern evades antibody-mediated immunity that comes from vaccination or infection with earlier variants due to accumulation numerous spike mutations. To understand the antigenic shift, we determined cryo–electron microscopy and x-ray crystal structures protein receptor-binding domain bound broadly neutralizing sarbecovirus monoclonal antibody (mAb) S309 (the parent mAb sotrovimab) human ACE2 receptor. We provide a blueprint for understanding marked reduction binding other therapeutic mAbs leads dampened activity. Remodeling interactions between likely explains enhanced affinity host receptor relative ancestral virus.
Language: Английский
Citations
510
Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 7(1)
Published: April 28, 2022
Abstract Since the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, there have been a few variants severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2), one which is Omicron variant (B.1.1.529). The most mutated SARS-CoV-2 variant, and its high transmissibility immune evasion ability raised global concerns. Owing to enhanced transmissibility, has rapidly replaced Delta as dominant in several regions. However, recent studies shown that exhibits reduced pathogenicity due altered cell tropism. In addition, significant resistance neutralizing activity vaccines, convalescent serum, antibody therapies. present review, advances molecular clinical characteristics infectivity, pathogenicity, was summarized, potential therapeutic applications response infection were discussed. Furthermore, we highlighted future waves strategies end pandemic.
Language: Английский
Citations
484
Cell, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 185(12), P. 2103 - 2115.e19
Published: May 2, 2022
Soon after the emergence and global spread of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron lineage BA.1, another lineage, BA.2, began outcompeting BA.1. The results statistical analysis showed that effective reproduction number BA.2 is 1.4-fold higher than Neutralization experiments revealed immunity induced by COVID vaccines widely administered to human populations not against similar antigenicity notably different from Cell culture spike confers replication efficacy in nasal epithelial cells more efficient mediating syncytia formation BA.1 spike. Furthermore, infection using hamsters indicated spike-bearing virus pathogenic virus. Altogether, our multiscale investigations suggest risk health potentially
Language: Английский
Citations
315
Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)
Published: May 16, 2023
In late 2022, SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants have become highly diversified, and XBB is spreading rapidly around the world. Our phylogenetic analyses suggested that emerged through recombination of two cocirculating BA.2 lineages, BJ.1 BM.1.1.1 (a progeny BA.2.75), during summer 2022. XBB.1 variant most profoundly resistant to BA.2/5 breakthrough infection sera date more fusogenic than BA.2.75. The breakpoint located in receptor-binding domain spike, each region recombinant spike confers immune evasion increases fusogenicity. We further provide structural basis for interaction between human ACE2. Finally, intrinsic pathogenicity male hamsters comparable or even lower multiscale investigation provides evidence suggesting first observed increase its fitness rather substitutions.
Language: Английский
Citations
269
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: unknown
Published: Jan. 3, 2022
Abstract The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron/BA.1 lineage emerged in late 2021 and rapidly displaced the Delta variant before being overtaken itself globally by, Omicron/BA.2 early 2022. Here, we describe how Omicron BA.1 BA.2 show a lower severity phenotype hamster model of pathogenicity which maps specifically to spike gene. We further that is attenuated lung cell line but replicates more rapidly, albeit peak titres, human primary nasal cells. This replication also (including emerging BA.4) shows fusogenicity preference for entry via endosomal route. map altered route partially S2 domain, particularly substitution N969K. Finally, pseudovirus with spike, engineered domain confer Delta-like retains antigenic properties Omicron. distinct separation between genetic determinants these two key phenotypes, raising concerning possibility future variants large distance from currently circulating vaccine strains will not necessarily display intrinsic seen during infection.
Language: Английский
Citations
256
Nature, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 607(7917), P. 119 - 127
Published: May 16, 2022
Language: Английский
Citations
255
Cell Host & Microbe, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 31(1), P. 9 - 17.e3
Published: Nov. 22, 2022
Language: Английский
Citations
247
Cell, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 185(21), P. 3992 - 4007.e16
Published: Sept. 14, 2022
After the global spread of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2, some BA.2 subvariants, including BA.2.9.1, BA.2.11, BA.2.12.1, BA.4, and BA.5, emerged in multiple countries. Our statistical analysis showed that effective reproduction numbers these subvariants are greater than original BA.2. Neutralization experiments revealed immunity induced by BA.1/2 infections is less against BA.4/5. Cell culture BA.2.12.1 BA.4/5 replicate more efficiently human alveolar epithelial cells particularly, fusogenic We further provided structure spike receptor-binding domain binds to ACE2 considered how substitutions play roles binding immune evasion. Moreover, using hamsters suggested pathogenic multiscale investigations suggest risk particularly BA.4/5, health
Language: Английский
Citations
244