The conservation of Afro‐Palaearctic migrants: What we are learning and what we need to know? DOI
Juliet A. Vickery, John W. Mallord, William M. Adams

et al.

Ibis, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 165(3), P. 717 - 738

Published: Feb. 14, 2023

The global long‐term decline of migrant birds represents an important and challenging issue for conservation scientists practitioners. This review draws together recent research directed at the Afro‐Palaearctic flyway considers its implications conservation. greatest advances in knowledge have been made field tracking. These studies reveal many species to be highly dispersed non‐breeding season, suggesting that site‐level a small number locations will almost certainly limited value most species. Instead, widespread but ‘shallow’ land‐sharing solutions are likely more effective but, because any local changes Africa affect European populations, impact extremely difficult detect through monitoring breeding grounds. Targeted action boost productivity Europe may help halt declines some reversing is also require these approaches areas. retention or planting native trees humid arid zones within generic tool, especially if concentrated on favoured tree Overall, despite growing knowledge, we remain largely unable progress beyond general flyway‐level actions, such as maintaining suitable habitat across increasingly anthropogenic landscape generalists, targeted site‐based specialists stop‐over sites, protection from hunting, individual species‐level solutions. We assess cost‐effectiveness specific action, mainly uncertainty around how populations affected by conditions during passage grounds, well efficacy implementation particularly For develop implement conservation, scientific need better integrated with each other implemented full annual cycle. However, urge immediate use available rather than waiting complete understanding, combined adaptive management flyway.

Language: Английский

Anthropogenic climate and land-use change drive short- and long-term biodiversity shifts across taxa DOI Creative Commons
Teresa Montras Janer, Andrew J. Suggitt, Richard Fox

et al.

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 8(4), P. 739 - 751

Published: Feb. 12, 2024

Abstract Climate change and habitat loss present serious threats to nature. Yet, due a lack of historical land-use data, the potential for baseline conditions interact with changing climate affect biodiversity remains largely unknown. Here, we use land use, data species observation investigate patterns causes in Great Britain. We show that anthropogenic conversion have broadly led increased richness, biotic homogenization warmer-adapted communities British birds, butterflies plants over long term (50+ years) short (20 years). Biodiversity was found be determined by environmental climate, especially shorter timescales, suggesting recent periods could reflect an inertia derived from past changes. Climate–land-use interactions were mostly related long-term richness beta diversity across taxa. Semi-natural grasslands (in broad sense, including meadows, pastures, lowland upland heathlands open wetlands) associated lower rates change, while their contribution national-level doubled term. Our findings highlight need protect restore natural semi-natural habitats, alongside fuller consideration individual species’ requirements beyond simple measures management policy.

Language: Английский

Citations

25
Past and recent anthropogenic pressures drive rapid changes in riverine fish communities DOI Creative Commons
Alain Danet, Xingli Giam, Julian D. Olden

et al.

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 8(3), P. 442 - 453

Published: Jan. 30, 2024

Abstract Understanding how and why local communities change is a pressing task for conservation, especially in freshwater systems. It remains challenging because of the complexity biodiversity changes, driven by spatio-temporal heterogeneity human pressures. Using compilation riverine fish community time series (93% between 1993 2019) across Palaearctic, Nearctic Australasia realms, we assessed past recent anthropogenic pressures drive changes both space time. We found evidence rapid composition 30% per decade characterized important dominant species, together with 13% increase total abundance 7% species richness decade. The spatial these trends could be traced back to strength timing was mainly mediated non-native introductions. Specifically, demonstrate that negative effects on were compensated over establishment pattern consistent previously reported biotic homogenization at global scale. Overall, our study suggests accounting its drivers crucial step reach conservation goals.

Language: Английский

Citations

17
Studying interactions among anthropogenic stressors in freshwater ecosystems: A systematic review of 2396 multiple‐stressor experiments DOI Creative Commons
James Orr, Samuel J. Macaulay, Adriana Mordente

et al.

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 27(6)

Published: June 1, 2024

Abstract Understanding the interactions among anthropogenic stressors is critical for effective conservation and management of ecosystems. Freshwater scientists have invested considerable resources in conducting factorial experiments to disentangle stressor by testing their individual combined effects. However, diversity systems studied has hindered previous syntheses this body research. To overcome challenge, we used a novel machine learning framework identify relevant studies from over 235,000 publications. Our synthesis resulted new dataset 2396 multiple‐stressor freshwater systems. By summarizing methods these studies, quantifying trends popularity investigated stressors, performing co‐occurrence analysis, produce most comprehensive overview diverse field research date. We provide both taxonomy grouping 909 into 31 classes an open‐source interactive version ( https://jamesaorr.shinyapps.io/freshwater‐multiple‐stressors/ ). Inspired our results, help clarify whether statistical detected align with interest, outline general guidelines design any system. conclude highlighting directions required better understand ecosystems facing multiple stressors.

Language: Английский

Citations

16
Different roles of concurring climate and regional land-use changes in past 40 years’ insect trends DOI Creative Commons
Felix Neff, Fränzi Korner‐Nievergelt, Emmanuel Rey

et al.

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: Dec. 12, 2022

Climate and land-use changes are main drivers of insect declines, but their combined effects have not yet been quantified over large spatiotemporal scales. We analysed in the distribution (mean occupancy squares) 390 species (butterflies, grasshoppers, dragonflies), using 1.45 million records from across bioclimatic gradients Switzerland between 1980 2020. found no overall decline, strong increases decreases distributions different species. For that showed strongest (25% quantile), average proportion occupied squares increased 40 years by 0.128 (95% credible interval: 0.123-0.132), which equals an increase mean 71.3% CI: 67.4-75.1%) relative to 40-year occupancy. declines decreased 0.0660 0.0613-0.0709), equalling decrease 58.3% 52.2-64.4%). Decreases were for narrow-ranged, specialised, cold-adapted Short-term associated both climate regional changes. Moreover, interactive confirm various global change can even greater impacts on biodiversity combination than alone. In contrast, clearly related changes, potentially reflecting mixed local land use after 1980. warming however was strongly linked indicating its key role driving trends temperate regions recent decades.

Language: Английский

Citations

49
Insect decline in Brazil: an appraisal of current evidence DOI
Thomas M. Lewinsohn, Kayna Agostini, André Victor Lucci Freitas

et al.

Biology Letters, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 18(8)

Published: Aug. 1, 2022

Recent reviews of data on worldwide insect decline include almost no information Brazil. We gathered evidence from literature searches and a survey sent to researchers, which 96 replied 56 provided publications. present 75 instances trends recorded over an average span 11 years for aquatic 22 terrestrial insects. These time-replicated samples expert opinion based long-term local collections. Most are butterflies, bees scarab beetles. Aquatic studies several orders, usually sorted genus or family. Terrestrial insects showed significantly more cases declines than increases, both in abundance (17 : 3) diversity (11 1). In cases, tendency was detected (2 2) (3 4), not counting with trend. Differences these results among habitats may be due the shorter less change environmental conditions surveys, included sites already degraded before sampling. offer guidelines future assessments, including resampling legacy collection sites.

Language: Английский

Citations

46
The impact of land use on non-native species incidence and number in local assemblages worldwide DOI Creative Commons
Daijun Liu, Philipp Semenchuk, Franz Essl

et al.

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: April 12, 2023

Abstract While the regional distribution of non-native species is increasingly well documented for some taxa, global analyses in local assemblages are still missing. Here, we use a worldwide collection from five taxa - ants, birds, mammals, spiders and vascular plants to assess whether incidence, frequency proportions naturalised depend on type intensity land use. In plants, primary vegetation least invaded. other among invaded land-use types, but one or several types have equally low levels occurrence, species. High associated with higher incidence vegetation, while effects inconsistent types. These findings highlight potential dual role unused preserving native biodiversity conferring resistance against biological invasions.

Language: Английский

Citations

37
Long-term insect censuses capture progressive loss of ecosystem functioning in East Asia DOI Creative Commons
Yan Zhou, Haowen Zhang, Dazhong Liu

et al.

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(5)

Published: Feb. 3, 2023

Insects provide critical ecosystem services such as biological pest control, in which natural enemies (NE) regulate the populations of crop-feeding herbivores (H). While H-NE dynamics are routinely studied at small spatiotemporal scales, multiyear assessments over entire agrolandscapes rare. Here, we draw on 18-year radar and searchlight trapping datasets (2003–2020) from eastern Asia to (i) assess temporal population trends 98 airborne insect species (ii) characterize associated interplay. Although NE consistently constrain interseasonal H growth, their summer abundance declined by 19.3% time prominent agricultural pests abandoned equilibrium state. Within food webs composed 124 bitrophic couplets, annually fell 0.7% network connectance dropped markedly. Our research unveils how a progressive decline numbers debilitates trophic regulation stability macroscale, carrying implications for security (agro)ecological resilience during times global environmental change.

Language: Английский

Citations

36
Experiments are needed to quantify the main causes of insect decline DOI Open Access
Wolfgang W. Weisser, Nico Blüthgen, Michael Staab

et al.

Biology Letters, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 19(2)

Published: Feb. 1, 2023

Sparked by reports of insect declines unexpected extent, there has been a surge in the compilation and analysis time series data. While this effort led to valuable databases, disagreement remains as whether, where why insects are declining. The ‘why’ question is particularly important because successful conservation will need address most drivers decline. Despite repeated calls for more long-term data, new have run decades quantitatively surpass those currently available. Here we argue that experimentation addition quantitative existing data needed identify potential population change likely already identified, their relative importance largely unknown. Researchers should thus unite use statistical insight set up suitable experiments be able rank importance. Such coordinated produce knowledge necessary action also result increased monitoring series.

Language: Английский

Citations

33
The impact of microplastics on insect physiology and the indication of hormesis DOI
Jie Shen,

Boying Liang,

Hui Jin

et al.

TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 165, P. 117130 - 117130

Published: June 10, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

32
ONTbarcoder 2.0: rapid species discovery and identification with real‐time barcoding facilitated by Oxford Nanopore R10.4 DOI Creative Commons
Amrita Srivathsan, Vivian Feng, Daniel Suárez

et al.

Cladistics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 40(2), P. 192 - 203

Published: Dec. 2, 2023

Abstract Most arthropod species are undescribed and hidden in specimen‐rich samples that difficult to sort using morphological characters. For such samples, sorting putative with DNA barcodes is an attractive alternative, but needs cost‐effective techniques suitable for use many laboratories around the world. Barcoding portable inexpensive MinION sequencer produced by Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) could be useful presorting because it requires little space inexpensive. However, similarly important user‐friendly reliable software analysis of ONT data. It here provided form ONTbarcoder 2.0 all commonly used operating systems includes a Graphical User Interface (GUI). Compared earlier version, has three key improvements related higher read quality obtained ONT's latest flow cells (R10.4), chemistry (V14 kits) basecalling model (super‐accuracy model). First, improved (R10.4) allows primers shorter indices than those previously needed (9 bp vs. 12–13 bp). This decreases primer cost can potentially improve PCR success rates. Second, now delivers real‐time barcoding complement sequencing. means first within minutes starting sequencing run; i.e. cell optimized terminating runs when most have already been obtained. The only input demultiplexing sheet data (raw or basecalled) generated either Mk1B Mk1C. Thirdly, we demonstrate availability R10.4 low‐cost Flongle option users who require 200–250 at time.

Language: Английский

Citations

29