Biomedicines,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
12(1), P. 206 - 206
Published: Jan. 17, 2024
The
D1R
and
D3R
receptors
functionally
synergistically
interact
in
striatonigral
neurons.
Dopaminergic
denervation
turns
this
interaction
antagonistic,
which
is
correlated
with
a
decrement
D3nf
isoform
an
increment
membranal
expression.
mechanisms
of
such
changes
are
attributed
to
the
dysregulation
expression
their
isoforms.
cause
mechanism
phenomenon
remain
unknown.
produces
PKA
activity;
we
propose
that
lack
phosphorylation
PTB
(regulator
alternative
splicing)
by
splicing
functionality.
By
using
silico
analysis,
found
mRNA
has
motifs
for
binding
and,
RIP,
co-precipitates
PTB.
Moreover,
activation
via
promotes
phosphorylation.
Acute
5-day
blockade
decreases
mRNA.
treatment
reduces
D3R,
D3nf,
protein
cytoplasm
increases
membrane
nucleus.
Finally,
mimics
effect
dopaminergic
signaling.
Thus,
our
data
indicate
through
PKA→PTB,
modulates
splicing,
expression,
signaling,
altered
during
or
stimulation
denervation.
Nature,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
632(8023), P. 139 - 146
Published: July 3, 2024
Abstract
Brain
computation
performed
by
billions
of
nerve
cells
relies
on
a
sufficient
and
uninterrupted
nutrient
oxygen
supply
1,2
.
Astrocytes,
the
ubiquitous
glial
neighbours
neurons,
govern
brain
glucose
uptake
metabolism
3,4
,
but
exact
mechanisms
metabolic
coupling
between
neurons
astrocytes
that
ensure
on-demand
support
neuronal
energy
needs
are
not
fully
understood
5,6
Here
we
show,
using
experimental
in
vitro
vivo
animal
models,
activity-dependent
activation
is
mediated
neuromodulator
adenosine
acting
astrocytic
A2B
receptors.
Stimulation
receptors
recruits
canonical
cyclic
3′,5′-monophosphate–protein
kinase
A
signalling
pathway,
leading
to
rapid
astrocyte
release
lactate,
which
supplements
extracellular
pool
readily
available
substrates.
Experimental
mouse
models
involving
conditional
deletion
gene
encoding
showed
adenosine-mediated
essential
for
maintaining
synaptic
function,
especially
under
conditions
high
demand
or
reduced
supply.
Knockdown
receptor
expression
led
major
reprogramming
metabolism,
prevented
plasticity
hippocampus,
severely
impaired
recognition
memory
disrupted
sleep.
These
data
identify
as
an
sensor
activity
show
cAMP
tunes
its
fundamental
functions
such
sleep
memory.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
120(14)
Published: March 30, 2023
The
purinergic
signaling
molecule
adenosine
(Ado)
modulates
many
physiological
and
pathological
functions
in
the
brain.
However,
exact
source
of
extracellular
Ado
remains
controversial.
Here,
utilizing
a
newly
optimized
genetically
encoded
GPCR-Activation-Based
fluorescent
sensor
(GRABAdo),
we
discovered
that
neuronal
activity-induced
elevation
is
due
to
direct
release
from
somatodendritic
compartments
neurons,
rather
than
axonal
terminals,
hippocampus.
Pharmacological
genetic
manipulations
reveal
depends
on
equilibrative
nucleoside
transporters
but
not
conventional
vesicular
mechanisms.
Compared
with
fast-vesicular
glutamate
release,
slow
(~40
s)
requires
calcium
influx
through
L-type
channels.
Thus,
this
study
reveals
an
activity-dependent
second-to-minute
local
potentially
serving
modulatory
as
retrograde
signal.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
120(12)
Published: March 15, 2023
Dopamine
(DA)
loss
in
Parkinson’s
disease
(PD)
causes
debilitating
motor
deficits.
However,
dopamine
is
also
widely
linked
to
reward
prediction
and
learning,
the
contribution
of
dopamine-dependent
learning
movements
that
are
impaired
PD—which
often
do
not
lead
explicit
rewards—is
unclear.
Here,
we
used
two
distinct
tasks
dissociate
dopamine’s
acute
motoric
effects
vs.
its
long-lasting,
learning-mediated
effects.
In
dopamine-depleted
mice,
task
performance
gradually
worsened
with
exposure.
Task
experience
was
critical,
as
mice
remained
home
cage
during
same
period
were
relatively
unimpaired
when
subsequently
probed
on
task.
Repeated
replacement
treatments
acutely
rescued
deficits
induced
long-term
rescue
persisted
despite
treatment
withdrawal.
Surprisingly,
both
parkinsonian
decline
specific,
implicating
learning.
D1R
activation
potently
consolidated
into
rescue.
Conversely,
reduced
D2R
decline.
either
or
prevented
decline,
restored
balanced
direct
indirect
striatal
pathways.
These
findings
suggest
reinforcement
maintenance
movements—even
leading
rewards—are
fundamental
functions
provide
potential
mechanisms
for
hitherto
unexplained
“long-duration
response”
by
dopaminergic
therapies
PD.
Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
17
Published: Nov. 8, 2023
Autism
spectrum
disorder
(ASD)
is
a
complex
neurodevelopmental
with
increasing
prevalence.
Over
1,000
risk
genes
have
now
been
implicated
in
ASD,
suggesting
diverse
etiology.
However,
the
diagnostic
criteria
for
still
comprise
two
major
behavioral
domains
-
deficits
social
communication
and
interaction,
presence
of
restricted
repetitive
patterns
behavior
(RRBs).
The
RRBs
associated
ASD
include
both
stereotyped
movements
other
motor
manifestations
including
changes
gait,
balance,
coordination,
skill
learning.
In
recent
years,
striatum,
primary
input
center
basal
ganglia,
has
these
ASD-associated
behaviors,
due
to
striatum’s
role
action
selection,
learning,
habit
formation.
Numerous
mouse
models
mutations
developed
shown
alterations
ASD-relevant
behaviors.
One
commonly
used
assay,
accelerating
rotarod,
allows
assessment
basic
coordination
this
corticostriatal-dependent
task,
mice
walk
on
rotating
rod
that
gradually
increases
speed.
extended
version
engage
striatal-dependent
learning
mechanisms
optimize
their
routine
stay
longer
periods.
This
review
summarizes
findings
studies
examining
rotarod
performance
across
range
models,
resulting
implications
involvement
striatal
circuits
ASD-related
While
task
not
uniform
there
cohort
show
increased
performance.
A
growing
number
suggest
propensity
learn
fixed
may
reflect
common
enhancement
corticostriatal
drive
subset
ASD-risk
genes.
Biomolecules,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
13(9), P. 1387 - 1387
Published: Sept. 14, 2023
Adenosine
receptors
(ARs)
are
widely
acknowledged
pharmacological
targets
yet
still
underutilized
in
clinical
practice.
Their
ubiquitous
distribution
almost
all
cells
and
tissues
of
the
body
makes
them,
on
one
hand,
excellent
candidates
for
numerous
diseases,
other
intrinsically
challenging
to
exploit
selectively
a
site-specific
manner.
This
review
endeavors
comprehensively
depict
substantial
advancements
witnessed
recent
years
concerning
development
drugs
that
modulate
ARs.
Through
preclinical
research,
it
has
become
evident
modulation
ARs
holds
promise
treatment
including
central
nervous
system
disorders,
cardiovascular
metabolic
conditions,
inflammatory
autoimmune
cancer.
The
latest
studies
discussed
herein
shed
light
novel
mechanisms
through
which
exert
control
over
pathophysiological
states.
They
also
introduce
new
ligands
innovative
strategies
receptor
activation,
presenting
compelling
evidence
efficacy
along
with
implicated
signaling
pathways.
Collectively,
these
emerging
insights
underscore
promising
trajectory
toward
harnessing
therapeutic
potential
multifaceted
targets.