Flexible and Stretchable Organic Electrochemical Transistors for Physiological Sensing Devices

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 35(35)

Published: Feb. 21, 2023

Abstract Flexible and stretchable bioelectronics provides a biocompatible interface between electronics biological systems has received tremendous attention for in situ monitoring of various systems. Considerable progress organic made semiconductors, as well other electronic materials, ideal candidates developing wearable, implantable, circuits due to their potential mechanical compliance biocompatibility. Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs), an emerging class building blocks, exhibit significant advantages sensing the ionic nature at basis switching behavior, low driving voltage (<1 V), high transconductance (in millisiemens range). During past few years, constructing flexible/stretchable OECTs (FSOECTs) both biochemical bioelectrical sensors been reported. In this regard, summarize major research accomplishments field, review first discusses structure critical features FSOECTs, including working principles, architectural engineering. Next, wide spectrum relevant physiological applications, where FSOECTs are key components, summarized. Last, challenges opportunities further advancing FSOECT discussed.

Language: Английский

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Flexible Organic Transistors for Biosensing: Devices and Applications

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 28, 2023

Abstract Flexible and stretchable biosensors can offer seamless conformable biological–electronic interfaces for continuously acquiring high‐fidelity signals, permitting numerous emerging applications. Organic thin film transistors (OTFTs) are ideal transducers flexible biosensing due to their soft nature, inherent amplification function, biocompatibility, ease of functionalization, low cost, device diversity. In consideration the rapid advances in flexible‐OTFT‐based broad applications, herein, a timely comprehensive review is provided. It starts with detailed introduction features various OTFTs including organic field‐effect electrochemical transistors, functionalization strategies biosensing, highlight on seminal work up‐to‐date achievements. Then, applications wearable, implantable, portable electronics, as well neuromorphic biointerfaces detailed. Subsequently, special attention paid planar fibrous devices. The routes impart stretchability, structural engineering material engineering, discussed, implementations e‐skin smart textiles included. Finally, remaining challenges future opportunities this field summarized.

Language: Английский

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Organic mixed conductors for bioinspired electronics

Nature Reviews Materials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(2), P. 134 - 149

Published: Dec. 22, 2023

Language: Английский

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N-type semiconducting hydrogel

Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 384(6695), P. 557 - 563

Published: May 2, 2024

Hydrogels are an attractive category of biointerfacing materials with adjustable mechanical properties, diverse biochemical functions, and good ionic conductivity. Despite these advantages, their application in electronics has been restricted because lack semiconducting they have traditionally only served as insulators or conductors. We developed single- multiple-network hydrogels based on a water-soluble n-type polymer, endowing conventional capabilities. These show electron mobilities high on/off ratios, enabling the fabrication complementary logic circuits signal amplifiers low power consumption gains. demonstrate that hydrogel bioadhesive biocompatible interface can sense amplify electrophysiological signals enhanced signal-to-noise ratios.

Language: Английский

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Emerging Iontronic Neural Devices for Neuromorphic Sensory Computing

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 35(39)

Published: March 9, 2023

Living organisms have a very mysterious and powerful sensory computing system based on ion activity. Interestingly, studies iontronic devices in the past few years proposed promising platform for simulating sensing functions of living organisms, because: 1) can generate, store, transmit variety signals by adjusting concentration spatiotemporal distribution ions, which analogs to how brain performs intelligent alternating flux polarization; 2) through ionic-electronic coupling, bridge biosystem with electronics offer profound implications soft electronics; 3) diversity be designed recognize specific ions or molecules customizing charge selectivity, ionic conductivity capacitance adjusted respond external stimuli schemes, more difficult electron-based devices. This review provides comprehensive overview emerging neuromorphic devices, highlighting representative concepts both low-level high-level introducing important material device breakthroughs. Moreover, as means are discussed regarding pending challenges future directions.

Language: Английский

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Photocatalytic doping of organic semiconductors

Nature, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 630(8015), P. 96 - 101

Published: May 15, 2024

Abstract Chemical doping is an important approach to manipulating charge-carrier concentration and transport in organic semiconductors (OSCs) 1–3 ultimately enhances device performance 4–7 . However, conventional strategies often rely on the use of highly reactive (strong) dopants 8–10 , which are consumed during process. Achieving efficient with weak and/or widely accessible under mild conditions remains a considerable challenge. Here, we report previously undescribed concept for photocatalytic OSCs that uses air as oxidant (p-dopant) operates at room temperature. This general can be applied various photocatalysts, yielding electrical conductivities exceed 3,000 S cm –1 We also demonstrate successful reduction (n-doping) simultaneous p-doping n-doping salt used maintain charge neutrality only chemical consumed. Our method offers great potential advancing OSC developing next-generation electronic devices.

Language: Английский

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Functional Metal–Organic Frameworks for Maximizing Transconductance of Organic Photoelectrochemical Transistor at Zero Gate Bias and Biological Interfacing Application

Advanced Functional Materials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 33(22)

Published: Feb. 21, 2023

Abstract Organic electrochemical transistors showing maximum transconductance ( g m ) at zero gate bias V G is desired but has long been a challenge. To date, few solutions to this issue are available. Light‐matter interplay shown as rich sources for optogenetics, photodynamic therapy, and advanced electronics, its potential in modulation largely untapped. Herein, the challenge addressed by unique light‐matter newly emerged technique of organic photoelectrochemical transistor (OPECT), which exemplified dual‐ligand photosensitive metal–organic frameworks (DL‐PS‐MOFs)/TiO 2 nanorods (NRs) gated poly(ethylene dioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) OPECT under 425 nm light irradiation. Interestingly, stimulation on DL‐PS‐MOFs can de‐dope PEDOT:PSS with altered physics, achieving device simultaneous superior output channel current. In connection cascade catalytic hairpin assembly‐rolling circle amplification strategy, such then biologically interfaced miRNA‐triggered growth DNA spheres sensitive detection miRNA‐21 down 0.12 f . This work features proof‐of‐concept study using enable biological interfacing application.

Language: Английский

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Designing organic mixed conductors for electrochemical transistor applications

Nature Reviews Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9(4), P. 249 - 265

Published: Feb. 29, 2024

Language: Английский

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Fully 3D-printed organic electrochemical transistors

npj Flexible Electronics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: March 7, 2023

Abstract Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) are being researched for various applications, ranging from sensors to logic gates and neuromorphic hardware. To meet the requirements of these diverse device fabrication process must be compatible with flexible scalable digital techniques. Here, we report a direct-write additive fabricate fully 3D-printed OECTs, using 3D printable conducting, semiconducting, insulating, electrolyte inks. These which operate in depletion mode, can fabricated on substrates, resulting high mechanical environmental stability. The OECTs have good dopamine biosensing capabilities (limit detection down 6 µM without metal gate electrodes) show long-term (~1 h) synapse response, indicating their potential applications such as This manufacturing strategy is suitable that require rapid design changes digitally enabled

Language: Английский

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Acceptor Functionalization via Green Chemistry Enables High‐Performance n‐Type Organic Electrochemical Transistors for Biosensing, Memory Applications

Advanced Functional Materials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 34(15)

Published: July 27, 2023

Abstract The organic electrochemical transistor (OECT) is one of the most versatile building blocks within bioelectronics device toolbox. While p‐type semiconductors have progressed as OECT channel materials, only a few n‐type been reported, precluding development advanced sensor‐integrated OECT‐based complementary circuits. Herein, green aldol polymerization uses to synthesize lactone‐based conjugated polymers. Fluorination acceptor endows fully locked backbone with low‐lying lowest unoccupied molecular orbital, facilitating efficient ionic‐to‐electronic charge coupling. resulting polymer has record‐high performance high product mobility and capacitance ( µC * = 108 F cm −1 V s ), excellent (0.912 2 low threshold voltage (0.02 V), fast switching speed τ ON , OFF 336 µs,108 µs). This work demonstrates two types architectures applications enabled by this OECT, i.e., an artificial synapse amplifier for detecting α‐synuclein, potential biomarker Parkinson's disease. study shows that materials enable gain OECTs can be developed via route, diverse form factors these devices take promise exploration other application areas.

Language: Английский

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