The Genetic Origin of the Indo-Europeans DOI Creative Commons
Iosif Lazaridis, Nick Patterson, David W. Anthony

et al.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 18, 2024

The Yamnaya archaeological complex appeared around 3300BCE across the steppes north of Black and Caspian Seas, by 3000BCE reached its maximal extent from Hungary in west to Kazakhstan east. To localize ancestral geographical origins among diverse Eneolithic people that preceded them, we studied ancient DNA data 428 individuals which 299 are reported for first time, demonstrating three previously unknown genetic clines. First, a “Caucasus-Lower Volga” (CLV) Cline suffused with Caucasus hunter-gatherer (CHG) ancestry extended between Neolithic southern end Armenia, steppe northern Berezhnovka Lower Volga. Bidirectional gene flow CLV cline created admixed intermediate populations both Caucasus, such as Maikop people, on steppe, those at site Remontnoye Manych depression. also helped form two major riverine clines admixing distinct groups European hunter-gatherers. A “Volga Cline” was formed Volga mixed upriver had more Eastern (EHG) ancestry, creating genetically hyper-variable Khvalynsk Middle “Dnipro bearing moved acquired Ukraine (UNHG) establish population Serednii Stih culture direct ancestors themselves were 4000BCE. This grew rapidly after 3750-3350BCE, precipitating expansion who totally displaced previous further east, while sedentary west. contributed four fifths Yamnaya, but also, entering Anatolia least tenth Bronze Age Central Anatolians, where Hittite language, related Indo-European languages spread spoken. We thus propose final unity speakers “Proto-Indo-Anatolian” language Anatolian can be traced sometime 4400-4000 BCE. Abstract Figure Summary Figure: origin Indo-Anatolian languages. Genetic reconstruction Pontic-Caspian West Asian points North Caucasus-Lower area homeland Dnipro-Don distal roots, estimated using qpAdm software left barplot, (purple), (red), (pink), (green). expansions, right barplot disseminated (blue)-Lower (orange) proximal ancestries, mixing inhabitants Pontic region (yellow), Asia

Language: Английский

Population genomics of post-glacial western Eurasia DOI Creative Commons
Morten E. Allentoft, Martin Sikora, Alba Refoyo-Martínez

et al.

Nature, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 625(7994), P. 301 - 311

Published: Jan. 10, 2024

Abstract Western Eurasia witnessed several large-scale human migrations during the Holocene 1–5 . Here, to investigate cross-continental effects of these migrations, we shotgun-sequenced 317 genomes—mainly from Mesolithic and Neolithic periods—from across northern western Eurasia. These were imputed alongside published data obtain diploid genotypes more than 1,600 ancient humans. Our analyses revealed a ‘great divide’ genomic boundary extending Black Sea Baltic. hunter-gatherers highly genetically differentiated east west this zone, effect neolithization was equally disparate. Large-scale ancestry shifts occurred in as farming introduced, including near-total replacement many areas, whereas no substantial happened zone same period. Similarly, relatedness decreased transition onwards, whereas, Urals, remained high until around 4,000 bp , consistent with persistence localized groups hunter-gatherers. The dissolved when Yamnaya-related spread 5,000 resulting second major turnover that reached most parts Europe within 1,000-year span. genetic origin fate Yamnaya have elusive, but show Middle Don region contributed them. later admixed individuals associated Globular Amphora culture before expanding into Europe. Similar turnovers Siberia, where report new ‘Neolithic steppe’ cline spanning Siberian forest steppe Lake Baikal. prehistoric had profound lasting on diversity Eurasian populations.

Language: Английский

Citations

76
100 ancient genomes show repeated population turnovers in Neolithic Denmark DOI Creative Commons
Morten E. Allentoft, Martin Sikora, Anders Fischer

et al.

Nature, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 625(7994), P. 329 - 337

Published: Jan. 10, 2024

Abstract Major migration events in Holocene Eurasia have been characterized genetically at broad regional scales 1–4 . However, insights into the population dynamics contact zones are hampered by a lack of ancient genomic data sampled high spatiotemporal resolution 5–7 Here, to address this, we analysed shotgun-sequenced genomes from 100 skeletons spanning 7,300 years Mesolithic period, Neolithic period and Early Bronze Age Denmark integrated these with proxies for diet ( 13 C 15 N content), mobility 87 Sr/ 86 Sr ratio) vegetation cover (pollen). We observe that Danish individuals Maglemose, Kongemose Ertebølle cultures form distinct genetic cluster related other Western European hunter-gatherers. Despite shifts material culture they displayed homogeneity around 10,500 5,900 calibrated before present, when farmers Anatolian-derived ancestry arrived. Although transition was delayed more than millennium relative Central Europe, it very abrupt resulted turnover limited contribution local The succeeding population, associated Funnel Beaker culture, persisted only about 1,000 immigrants eastern Steppe-derived This second equally rapid replacement gave rise Single Grave an profile similar present-day Danes. In our multiproxy dataset, major demographic manifested as parallel genotype, phenotype, land use.

Language: Английский

Citations

45
Homo sapiens reached the higher latitudes of Europe by 45,000 years ago DOI Creative Commons
Dorothea Mylopotamitaki, Marcel Weiß, Helen Fewlass

et al.

Nature, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 626(7998), P. 341 - 346

Published: Jan. 31, 2024

The Middle to Upper Palaeolithic transition in Europe is associated with the regional disappearance of Neanderthals and spread Homo sapiens. Late persisted western several millennia after occurrence H. sapiens eastern

Language: Английский

Citations

33
The genetic origin of the Indo-Europeans DOI
Iosif Lazaridis, Nick Patterson, David W. Anthony

et al.

Nature, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 5, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

7
A genomic history of the North Pontic Region from the Neolithic to the Bronze Age DOI
Alexey G. Nikitin, Iosif Lazaridis, Nick Patterson

et al.

Nature, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 639(8053), P. 124 - 131

Published: Feb. 5, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

4
The Persian plateau served as hub for Homo sapiens after the main out of Africa dispersal DOI Creative Commons
Leonardo Vallini, Carlo Zampieri,

Mohamed Javad Shoaee

et al.

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: March 25, 2024

Abstract A combination of evidence, based on genetic, fossil and archaeological findings, indicates that Homo sapiens spread out Africa between ~70-60 thousand years ago (kya). However, it appears once outside Africa, human populations did not expand across all Eurasia until ~45 kya. The geographic whereabouts these early settlers in the timeframe to 45 kya has been difficult reconcile. Here we combine genetic evidence palaeoecological models infer location acted as Hub for our species during phases colonisation Eurasia. Leveraging available genomic show from Persian Plateau carry an ancestry component closely matches population settled Africa. With paleoclimatic data date, built ecological showing was suitable occupation could sustain a larger compared other West Asian regions, strengthening this claim.

Language: Английский

Citations

18
Widespread horse-based mobility arose around 2200 bce in Eurasia DOI Creative Commons
Pablo Librado, Gaëtan Tressières, Loreleï Chauvey

et al.

Nature, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 631(8022), P. 819 - 825

Published: June 6, 2024

Abstract Horses revolutionized human history with fast mobility 1 . However, the timeline between their domestication and widespread integration as a means of transport remains contentious 2–4 Here we assemble collection 475 ancient horse genomes to assess period when these animals were first reshaped by agency in Eurasia. We find that reproductive control modern domestic lineage emerged around 2200 bce , through close-kin mating shortened generation times. Reproductive following severe bottleneck starting no earlier than approximately 2700 coincided sudden expansion across Eurasia ultimately resulted replacement nearly every local lineage. This marked rise horse-based history, which refutes commonly held narrative large herds accompanying massive migration steppe peoples Europe 3000 3,5 Finally, detect significantly times at Botai 3500 settlement from central Asia associated corrals subsistence economy centred on horses 6,7 supports husbandry before bloodlines.

Language: Английский

Citations

18
Us and Them: How to Reconcile Archaeological and Biological Data at the Middle-to-Upper Palaeolithic Transition in Europe? DOI
Nicolas Teyssandier

Journal of Paleolithic Archaeology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: Jan. 2, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

17
Evidence from personal ornaments suggest nine distinct cultural groups between 34,000 and 24,000 years ago in Europe DOI
J. W. Baker, Solange Rigaud, Daniel Pereira

et al.

Nature Human Behaviour, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 8(3), P. 431 - 444

Published: Jan. 29, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

17
Population genomics of Central Asian peoples unveil ancient Trans-Eurasian genetic admixture and cultural exchanges DOI Creative Commons
Guanglin He, Mengge Wang,

Lintao Luo

et al.

hLife, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 2(11), P. 554 - 562

Published: June 26, 2024

Central Asia, a crucible of prehistoric and historical Trans-Eurasian interactions, has been pivotal in shaping cultural exchanges, population dynamics, genetic admixture. Recent insights from ancient DNA studies have shed light on the extensive turnover within this region, encompassing spectrum groups Paleolithic hunter-gatherers to Holocene herders nomadic pastoralist empires times. The genomic analysis pathogens across Eurasian steppe further deepened our understanding pathogen origins, clonal expansions, intricate processes host-pathogen coevolution relation varying exposures their spread. We consolidate latest findings pertaining human genomes elucidating profound influence tapestry contemporary Asians. A notable gap current databases for Asia is underscored, particularly scope genomics-driven precision medicine. stress urgent need development extensive, region-specific resources that hold promise revealing blueprints underlying traits diseases, refining polygenic scoring models predictive medicine, bolstering research endeavors Asia.

Language: Английский

Citations

14