Organizational Principles of the Primate Cerebral Cortex at the Single‐Cell Level

Advanced Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 23, 2025

Abstract The primate cerebral cortex, the major organ for cognition, consists of an immense number neurons. However, organizational principles governing these neurons remain unclear. By accessing single‐cell spatial transcriptome over 25 million neuron cells across entire macaque it is discovered that distribution within cortical layers highly non‐random. Strikingly, three‐quarters are located in distinct neuronal clusters. Within clusters, different cell types tend to collaborate rather than function independently. Typically, excitatory clusters mainly consist excitatory‐excitatory combinations, while inhibitory primarily contain excitatory‐inhibitory combinations. Both cluster have roughly equal numbers each layer. Importantly, most and form partnerships, indicating a balanced local network correlating with specific functional regions. These conserved mouse findings suggest brain regions cortex may exhibit similar mechanisms at population level.

Language: Английский

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Resolving the three-dimensional interactome of human accelerated regions during human and chimpanzee neurodevelopment

Cell, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Evolution of neuroglia: From worm to man

Handbook of clinical neurology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 7 - 26

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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DNA binding and mitotic phosphorylation protect polyglutamine proteins from assembly formation

Cell, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Integrated analysis of molecular atlases unveils modules driving developmental cell subtype specification in the human cortex

Nature Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 21, 2025

Language: Английский

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Resolving the three-dimensional interactome of Human Accelerated Regions during human and chimpanzee neurodevelopment

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: June 26, 2024

Abstract Human Accelerated Regions (HARs) are highly conserved across species but exhibit a significant excess of human-specific sequence changes, suggesting they may have gained novel functions in human evolution. HARs include transcriptional enhancers with activity and been implicated the evolution brain. However, our understanding how contributed to uniquely features brain is hindered by lack insight into genes pathways that regulate. It unclear whether acted altering expression gene targets between their chimpanzee orthologs or gaining new human, mechanism termed enhancer hijacking. We generated high-resolution map chromatin interactions for 1,590 neural stem cells (NSCs) comprehensively identify both species. targeted set 2,963 enriched neurodevelopmental processes including neurogenesis synaptic transmission. Changes HAR were correlated changes target expression. Conserved among differentially expressed NSCs non-human primate developing adult Species-specific did not converge on known biological significantly genes, alter via targets, also showed cell type-specific patterns brain, outer radial glia, which hypothesized contribute cortical expansion. Our findings support influenced provide means functionally link features.

Language: Английский

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Epigenetics Research in Evolutionary Biology: Perspectives on Timescales and Mechanisms

Molecular Biology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 41(9)

Published: Sept. 1, 2024

Epigenetics research in evolutionary biology encompasses a variety of areas, from regulation gene expression to inheritance environmentally mediated phenotypes. Such divergent foci can occasionally render the umbrella term "epigenetics" ambiguous. Here I discuss several areas contemporary epigenetics context biology, aiming provide balanced views across timescales and molecular mechanisms. The importance development is now being assessed many nonmodel species. These studies not only confirm epigenetic marks developmental processes, but also highlight significant diversity regulatory mechanisms taxa. Further, these comparative epigenomic have begun show promise toward enhancing our understanding how programs evolve. A key property that they be inherited along mitotic cell lineages, differences occur during early lasting consequences on organismal Thus, may play roles short-term (within an organism's lifetime or next generation) adaptation phenotypic plasticity. However, extent which observed variation occurs independently genetic influences remains uncertain, due widespread impact genetics limited availability comprehensive (epi)genomic resources most While sequences some species, there little evidence such "transgenerational inheritance" general phenomenon. Rather, are highly variable between

Language: Английский

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Charting the Spatial Transcriptome of the Human Cerebral Cortex at Single-Cell Resolution

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 31, 2024

Abstract In our pursuit of creating a comprehensive human cortical atlas to understand intelligence, we examined the single-nuclei transcriptomes 307,738 cells alongside spatial transcriptomics data from 46,948 VISIUM spots and 1,355,582 Stereo cells. Atlases reveal distinct expression patterns arrangements neural cell types. Glutamatergic neurons exhibit precise laminar patterns, often mirroring in adjacent regions. Overlaying with functional networks delineated substantial correlations between types region function. Notably, regions involved processing sensory information (pain) display pronounced accumulation extratelencephalic neurons. Additionally, enabled localization thicker layer 4 visual cortex an in-depth study stabilize subplate structure, known as 6b, revealed specific marker genes cellular compositions. Collectively, research sheds light on foundations intricate intelligent within cortex.

Language: Английский

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Comparative single-cell multiome identifies evolutionary changes in neural progenitor cells during primate brain development

Developmental Cell, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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Accelerated cell-type-specific regulatory evolution of the human brain

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 121(52)

Published: Dec. 16, 2024

The molecular basis of human brain evolution is a key piece in understanding the human-specific cognitive and behavioral traits. Comparative studies have suggested that was accompanied by accelerated changes gene expression (referred to as “regulatory evolution”), especially those leading an increase products involved energy production metabolism. However, signals regulatory were not always consistent across studies. One confounding factor diversity distinctive cell types brain. Here, we leveraged single-cell nonhuman primate transcriptomic data investigate at cell-type resolution. We relied on six well-established major types: excitatory inhibitory neurons, astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes, oligodendrocyte precursor cells. found pervasive signatures brains compared chimpanzee types, well multiple neuronal subtypes. Moreover, highly type specific rather than shared between strongly associated with cellular-level epigenomic features. Evolutionarily differentially expressed genes (DEGs) exhibit greater specificity other genes, suggesting their role functional specialization individual As continue unfold cellular complexity brain, actual scope DEGs appears be much broader previously estimated. Our study supports acceleration cell-type-specific programs important feature evolution.

Language: Английский

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