Cell Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown
Published: March 25, 2025
Language: Английский
Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15
Published: May 28, 2024
Historically, the central nervous system (CNS) was regarded as ‘immune-privileged’, possessing its own distinct immune cell population. This privilege thought to be established by a tight blood-brain barrier (BBB) and blood-cerebrospinal-fluid (BCSFB), which prevented crossing of peripheral cells their secreted factors into CNS parenchyma. However, recent studies have revealed presence in proximity various brain-border niches such choroid plexus, cranial bone marrow (CBM), meninges, perivascular spaces. Furthermore, emerging evidence suggests that may able infiltrate brain through these sites play significant roles driving neuronal death pathology progression neurodegenerative disease. Thus, this review, we explore how contribute pathogenesis disorders Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS). We then discuss several options for harnessing neuroimmune potential improve prognosis treatment debilitative using novel insights from studies.
Language: Английский
Citations
4
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown
Published: Jan. 1, 2025
Neurons located in layer II of the entorhinal cortex (ECII) are primary site pathological tau accumulation and neurodegeneration at preclinical stages Alzheimer's disease (AD). Exploring alterations that underlie early degeneration these cells is essential to develop therapies curb before symptom onset. Here we performed cell-type specific profiling human EC onset AD neuropathology. We identify an response amyloid pathology by microglia oligodendrocytes. Importantly, provide first insight into neuronal coincide with incipient pathology: signaling pathway for Reelin, recently shown be a major resilience gene dysregulated ECII neurons, while secreted synaptic organizer molecules NPTX2 CBLN4, emerging biomarkers, downregulated surrounding neurons. By uncovering complex multicellular landscape stages, this study paves way detailed characterization mechanisms governing NFT formation opens long-needed novel therapeutic avenues.
Language: Английский
Citations
0
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown
Published: Jan. 4, 2025
Abstract The origins of resting-state functional MRI (rsfMRI) signal fluctuations remain debated. Recent evidence shows coupling between global cortical rsfMRI signals and cerebrospinal fluid inflow in the fourth ventricle, increasing during sleep decreasing with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) progression, potentially reflecting brain clearance mechanisms. However, existence more complex brain-ventricle modes their relationship to cognitive decline remains unexplored. Analyzing 599 minimally-preprocessed scans from 163 elderly participants across AD spectrum, we identified distinct that differentiate groups correlate scores. Beyond known anti-phase ventricles —more frequent cognitively normal controls— discovered additional where specific areas temporarily align ventricle signals. At level, these form canonical networks, such as Default Mode Network, which occurs less or Frontoparietal correlates positively memory direct link challenges common practice removing CSF components analyses questions origin forming may reflect region-specific patterns. These findings provide new insights into mechanisms network dysfunction neurodegenerative diseases.
Language: Английский
Citations
0
Cyborg and Bionic Systems, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 6
Published: Jan. 1, 2025
Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) is an effective therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the therapeutic mechanisms remain incompletely understood, particularly regarding extracellular space (ECS), a critical microenvironment where molecular diffusion and interstitial fluid (ISF) dynamics are essential neural function. This study aims to explore regulatory of ECS in substantia nigra (SN) PD rats following STN-DBS. To evaluate whether STN-DBS can modulate drainage, we conducted quantitative measurements using tracer-based magnetic resonance imaging. Our findings indicated that, compared group, treatment resulted decreased coefficient (D*), shorted half-life (T 1/2), increased clearance (k') SN. investigate underlying these changes diffusion, employed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Western blotting (WB), microdialysis techniques. The results revealed that led increase hyaluronic acid content, elevated expression excitatory amino transporter 2 (EAAT2), reduction glutamate concentration. Additionally, further elucidate influencing ISF immunofluorescence immunohistochemical techniques staining aquaporin-4 (AQP-4) α-synuclein. demonstrated restored AQP-4 while decreasing In conclusion, our suggest improves symptoms by modifying enhancing drainage SN regions. These offer new insights into long-term outcomes DBS ECS, paving way precision therapies.
Language: Английский
Citations
0
JAMA Network Open, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 8(1), P. e2454307 - e2454307
Published: Jan. 10, 2025
Importance Sleep disorders and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) commonly coexist in older adults, increasing their risk of developing dementia. Long-term tai chi chuan has been proven to improve sleep quality adults. However, adherence extended training regimens can be challenging. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a neuromodulation technique that may enhance the benefits exercise. Objective To investigate whether 1-Hz rTMS right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex could clinical improving function among adults with MCI. Design, Setting, Participants This 2-arm, sham-controlled, assessor-masked randomized trial was conducted at university hospital China between October 2022 February 2024. Adults aged 60 75 years MCI were eligible. Data analysis performed from May Intervention 1:1 ratio an experimental group (tai rTMS) or sham rTMS). Each participant received 30 sessions personalized targeting cortex, underwent same procedure. The 2 groups minutes 24-form simplified chuan, 5 times per week for 6 weeks. Main Outcomes Measures primary outcomes subjective assessed by Pittsburgh Quality Index (PSQI), which scores range 0 21, lower indicating healthier quality, global Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), 30, higher less impairment. secondary included measures objective actigraphy, anxiety depression scales, other subdomains. Assessments baseline, weeks after intervention, 12-week follow-up. Results A total 110 participants (mean [SD] age, 67.9 [4.6] years; 68 female [61.8%]) (n = 55) intention-to-treat analysis. At compared group, showed PSQI score (between-group mean difference, −3.1 [95% CI, −4.2 −2.1]; P < .001) MoCA 1.4 0.7-2.1]; .001). per-protocol dataset analyses follow-up similar results. generalized estimated equation model revealed interaction effect −2.1 −0.1]; 0.9 0.1-1.6]; .01). There 7 nonserious, unrelated adverse events (experimental group: 2; 5) no significant difference groups. Conclusions Relevance In this trial, findings suggest enhanced MCI, related alterations neural plasticity. These provide novel data on nonpharmacologic strategies rehabilitation delay even prevent Trial Registration Chinese Clinical Registry Identifier: ChiCTR2200063274
Language: Английский
Citations
0
Published: Jan. 28, 2025
The origins of resting-state functional MRI (rsfMRI) signal fluctuations remain debated. Recent evidence shows coupling between global cortical rsfMRI signals and cerebrospinal fluid inflow in the fourth ventricle, increasing during sleep decreasing with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) progression, potentially reflecting brain clearance mechanisms. However, existence more complex brain-ventricle modes their relationship to cognitive decline remains unexplored. Analyzing 599 minimally-preprocessed scans from 163 elderly participants across AD spectrum, we identified distinct that differentiate groups correlate scores. Beyond known anti-phase ventricles —more frequent cognitively normal controls— discovered additional where specific areas temporarily align ventricle signals. At level, these form canonical networks, such as Default Mode Network, which occurs less or Frontoparietal correlates positively memory direct link challenges common practice removing CSF components analyses questions origin forming may reflect region-specific patterns. These findings provide new insights into mechanisms network dysfunction neurodegenerative diseases.
Language: Английский
Citations
0
Nature reviews. Immunology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown
Published: Jan. 31, 2025
Language: Английский
Citations
0
Frontiers in Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 19
Published: Feb. 5, 2025
Sleep is a stereotyped and well-preserved series of neurophysiological states that are essential for overall health brain functioning. Emerging research suggests sleep disturbances not only associated with but also causally contribute to neurodegenerative disease onset progression. This mini-review examines some the current knowledge evidence relationships between abnormalities Alzheimer’s within context possible uses limitations biomarkers evaluation disease. Understanding these could lead readily accessible easily quantifiable dementia.
Language: Английский
Citations
0
Chinese Science Bulletin (Chinese Version), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown
Published: Jan. 1, 2025
Language: Английский
Citations
0
Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown
Published: Feb. 22, 2025
The glymphatic system regulates cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) transport and brain waste clearance. Focused ultrasound combined with microbubbles (FUSMB) has shown feasibility for manipulating transport, yet its mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this work, we used in vivo two-photon microscopy to reveal how FUSMB manipulates the CSF tracer mouse brain. A FUS transducer was confocally aligned objective of a microscope. Fluorescently labeled albumin infused into via cisterna magna. sonication applied following an intravenous injection microbubbles. Dynamic imaging performed through cranial window record local changes vessel dynamics. fluorescence intensity within treated region decreased rapidly upon treatment. Concurrently, deformation observed, fastest diameter were observed during linear correlation identified between rate change change. Moreover, given same change, changed faster around larger vessels than smaller vessels. These findings offer insight potential biophysical mechanism FUSMB-mediated transport.
Language: Английский
Citations
0