Oxford University Press eBooks,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown, P. 83 - 114
Published: Oct. 15, 2024
Abstract
Prevention
is
an
affordable
part
of
primary
healthcare
in
the
sense
that
it
cheap
compared
with
mounting
costs
medical
treatment,
and
good
value
for
money.
The
motives
investing
prevention
differ
at
global
(e.g.
international
vaccination
initiatives),
national
(aspirations
to
Universal
Health
Coverage,
UHC),
local
levels
(commitments
community
health).
But
all
levels,
there
are
ways
make
more
attractive
through
efficiencies
(low-cost
preventive
care
targeted
people
high
risk),
technologies
(novel
vaccines
diagnostic
devices),
metrics
(for
health
wellbeing,
not
only
death
disease),
partnerships
(‘Prevention
All
Policies’).
There
are,
however,
other
obstacles
navigate.
One
funding
transferable
away
from
urgent
care,
so
needs
additional,
protected
investment,
which
first
supplements
but
eventually
supplants
treatment
illness.
Nature,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
631(8019), P. 179 - 188
Published: June 26, 2024
Encouraging
routine
COVID-19
vaccinations
is
likely
to
be
a
crucial
policy
challenge
for
decades
come.
To
avert
hundreds
of
thousands
unnecessary
hospitalizations
and
deaths,
adoption
will
need
higher
than
it
was
in
the
autumn
2022
or
2023,
when
less
one-fifth
Americans
received
booster
vaccines
Advanced Functional Materials,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Sept. 2, 2024
Abstract
Solar‐induced
thermal
challenges
in
buildings,
cold
chain
logistics,
and
spacecrafts
may
be
overcome
by
integrating
passive
radiative
cooling
(PRC)
with
aerogels
having
insulation
(TI).
Herein,
a
universal
silica
aerogel
(UCSA)
is
prepared
through
the
simple
regeneration
freeze‐drying
of
commercial
quartz
fiber
membranes.
The
optically
engineered
UCSA
hybrid
structure
(silica
nanofibers/microbeads)
achieves
remarkable
solar
reflectance
(
R
S.E.
=
98.1%)
atmospheric
transparency
window
emittance
ε
ATW
92.1%)
under
Earth
conditions,
theoretical
daytime
power
103.3
W
m
−2
.
In
harsh
space
environment,
it
exhibits
ultrahigh
average
99.1%)
broadband
mid‐infrared
MIR
90%),
achieving
354.1
Compared
to
single‐functional
approaches,
synergistically
integrates
PRC
TI
performance
for
excellent
management
capability.
Moreover,
this
ceramic
can
resist
temperatures
up
830
°C,
safeguarding
building
occupants
spacecraft
electronics.
Furthermore,
passes
environmental
aging
vacuum
outgassing
tests
long‐term
viability
both
on
space.
Finally,
USCA‐covered
box
an
sub‐ambient
18.6
°C
when
exposed
sunlight.
summary,
opens
path
energy‐efficient
sustainable
strategy
applications.
Journal of Biosocial Science,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown, P. 1 - 16
Published: Jan. 8, 2025
Abstract
As
COVID-19
spread
rapidly
during
the
early
months
of
pandemic,
many
communities
around
globe
anxiously
waited
for
a
vaccine.
At
start
it
was
widely
believed
that
Africa
would
be
significant
source
infection,
and
thus,
vaccinating
African
became
primary
goal
among
local
global
health
authorities.
However,
when
vaccine
available
in
March
2021
Sierra
Leone,
people
viewed
with
scepticism
hesitation.
While
much
literature
has
focused
on
access
distribution-related
challenges
vaccination
region,
growing
number
studies
discuss
hesitancy
as
driving
low
uptake.
Shifting
attention
to
understanding
determinants
remains
fundamental
increasing
rates,
negative
perceptions
tend
delay
or
prevent
vaccination.
This
study
sought
do
this
by
assessing,
through
semi-structured
qualitative
interviews,
vaccine-related
attitudes
experiences
residents
Leone’s
Kono
District.
In
contrast
utilise
“knowledge-deficit”
models
belief,
however,
drew
upon
anxieties
framework
(Leach
Fairhead,
2007),
which
views
vaccines
being
imbued
personal,
historical,
political
meaning.
Findings
suggest
important
bodily,
social,
factors,
including
fear
side
effects,
misinformation
prompted
poor
messaging
strategies,
distrust
government
international
actors,
influenced
people’s
behaviours.
It
is
hoped
study’s
findings
will
inform
future
policies
interventions
related
uptake
globally.
BACKGROUND
The
COVID-19
pandemic
has
exposed
the
vulnerabilities
of
global
supply
chains
(SC),
particularly
within
healthcare
sector,
underscoring
need
for
advanced
methods
to
enhance
SC
resilience
and
sustainability.
Pandemics,
such
as
Influenza,
pose
considerable
risks
chain
(HSC)
performance,
demanding
robust
analytical
tools
optimize
system
efficiency
under
uncertain
conditions.
OBJECTIVE
In
this
paper,
we
map
current
literature
synthesize
insights
on
role
leadership
in
driving
Artificial
Intelligence
(AI)-driven
approaches
enhancing
HSC
organizations.
This
systematic
review
aims
HSC-resilience
(HSCR)
apply
a
novel
network
range
directional
measure
model
evaluate
sustainability
response
pandemic.
METHODS
followed
PRISMA
guidelines,
encompassing
multiple
databases,
including
Business
Source
Premier,
CINAHL,
ACM
Digital
Library,
MEDLINE,
PsycINFO,
Web
Science,
PubMed,
ScienceDirect.
targeted
articles
published
from
2016
2024,
focusing
empirical
studies.
A
predetermined
search
strategy
used
keywords
resilience,
artificial
intelligence,
healthcare,
related
terms.
analysis
involved
an
inductive,
thematic
approach
qualitatively
evidence.
screening
data
extraction
processes
were
independently
carried
out
by
two
reviewers,
with
Cohen's
kappa
assess
interrater
agreement.
Data
synthesis
was
accomplished
through
narrative
approach.
RESULTS
comprehensive
case
study
demonstrates
practical
application
model,
revealing
its
capability
diverse
findings
highlight
how
decision-making
unit
varies
changing
circumstances,
showcasing
model’s
robustness
evaluating
performance
during
disruptions.
final
number
studies
included
39.
These
clinical
units
quantitative
qualitative
decision
support
models
16/39
(41%)
25/39
(59%),
respectively.
earliest
article
2018;
most
recent
2022.
CONCLUSIONS
is
one
first
compare
AI
conventional
human
real-time
gathering
AI-driven
strategies
strengthen
HSC.
While
proves
effective
assessing
sustainability,
key
limitation
lies
implementation
methodologies
Future
research
should
focus
real-world
deployment
these
face
potential
BMC Health Services Research,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
25(1)
Published: April 9, 2025
Vaccines
were
a
key
tool
in
controlling
the
COVID-19
pandemic.
However,
cost
of
delivering
these
vaccines
low-
and
middle-income
countries
was
highly
uncertain,
due
to
unprecedented
delivery
volume
need
reach
new
target
populations.
To
fill
this
evidence
gap,
study
estimates
Mozambique.
This
retrospective,
bottom-up
costing
estimated
financial
economic
costs
2022
USD,
during
first
year
introduction.
Recurrent
collected
for
initial
rollout
period
(March
8th
April
2021)
later,
higher-volume
(December
1st
2021
February
28th
2022).
The
conducted
from
payer
perspective.
Data
at
health
facilities
purposively
selected
sample
27
vaccination
sites,
as
well
6
district
provincial
offices
2
provinces,
Ministry
Health,
development
partners.
overall
per
dose
obtained
by
estimating
aggregating
volume-weighted
average
each
administrative
level.
Qualitative
interviews
also
contextualize
findings.
implementation
$1.14
$0.50
costs.
For
period,
when
delivered
low
(64
doses/vaccination
day
on
average),
$3.56
decreased
considerably
$0.85
program
scale
increased
225
day.
Opportunity
made
up
considerable
share
dose,
73%
49%
respectively
scale.
qualitative
found
that
political
prioritization
workers'
commitment
possible
despite
little
investment.
Mozambique
be
compared
other
countries,
heavy
reliance
existing
resources
additional
investment
into
program.
Findings
can
support
government
planning
budgeting
future
efforts.
BMC Pediatrics,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
25(1)
Published: April 23, 2025
Full
immunisation
of
children
by
their
first
birthday
is
a
crucial
public
health
target.
Vaccines
protect
from
preventable
diseases,
promoting
individual
and
community
health.
In
Sierra
Leone,
country
with
history
high
childhood
mortality
rates,
achieving
full
coverage
critical
step
towards
healthier
future.
This
study
examined
the
trends
inequalities
in
among
aged
one
year
Leone
2008
to
2019.
Three
rounds
Demographic
Health
Survey
(2008,
2013,
2019)
were
analysed.
A
descriptive
approach
was
adopted
for
analysis.
Simple
[difference
(D)
ratio
(R)]
complex
[population
attributable
risk
(PAR)
population
fraction
(PAF)]
measures
computed
using
World
Organization's
Equity
Assessment
Toolkit
(WHO's
HEAT)
software.
The
separately
each
three
surveys,
estimates
compared.
findings
revealed
that
one-year-olds
increased
significantly
between
(40.1%)
2013
(68.3%).
However,
there
decrease
2019
(56.5%).
Region-related
largest
slightly
(D
=
13.8;
R
1.4;
PAF
17.8,
PAR
7.1)
20.7.;
1.3;
14.2,
9.7)
but
decreased
18.2;
15.3,
8.6).
Substantial
education-related
observed
10.1,
1.2,
19.4,
7.7),
this
6.7,
1.1,
8.0,
5.4;
D
5.0,
1.0,
4.7,
2.4).
age
sex
child
appeared
have
minimal
influence
on
overall
inequality
coverage.
highlights
education
region
as
key
contributors
inequalities.
Mothers
lower
less
likely
get
fully
immunised.
Immunisation
varies
across
regions,
Eastern
leading
Northern
lagging.
Age
impact.
government
partner
organisations
should
focus
outreach
programs
these
high-risk
groups,
implement
geographically
targeted
strategies
invest
improve
access
healthcare
facilities.
Ensuring
vaccine
availability,
trained
personnel,
data
collection
monitoring
could
be
useful.
There
also
need
develop
interventions
regions
These
steps
are
universal
Registration
not
necessary
since
we
analysed
secondary
dataset.
