Neural circuit mechanisms for steering control in walking Drosophila DOI Open Access

Aleksandr Rayshubskiy,

Stephen L. Holtz,

Alexander Shakeel Bates

et al.

Published: Nov. 27, 2024

Orienting behaviors provide a continuous stream of information about an organism’s sensory experiences and plans. Thus, to study the links between sensation action, it is useful identify neurons in brain that control orienting behaviors. Here we describe descending Drosophila predict influence orientation (heading) during walking. We show these cells have specialized functions: whereas one cell type predicts sustained low-gain steering, other transient high-gain steering. These latter integrate internally-directed steering signals from head direction system with stimulus-directed multimodal pathways. The inputs are organized produce “see-saw” commands, so increasing output hemisphere accompanied by decreasing hemisphere. Together, our results internal external drives integrated motor commands different timescales, for flexible precise space.

Language: Английский

Activity of a descending neuron associated with visually elicited flight saccades in Drosophila DOI Creative Commons
Elhanan Buchsbaum, Bettina Schnell

Current Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Highlights•The descending neuron DNp03 in Drosophila responds to aversive looming stimuli•Its spiking activity is state dependent and correlated with flight saccades•DNp03 provides input other neurons involved controlling turns•Optogenetic activation of can initiate free-flight saccadesSummaryApproaching threats are perceived through visual looming, a rapid expansion an image on the retina. Visual triggers defensive responses such as freezing, flight, turning, or take-off wide variety organisms, from mice fish insects.1,2,3,4 In response flies perform evasive turns known saccades.5 Saccades also be initiated spontaneously change direction during flight.6,7,8,9 Two types (DNs), DNaX DNb01, were previously shown exhibit both spontaneous looming-elicited saccades Drosophila.10,11 As they do not receive direct system, it has remained unclear how visually elicited controlled by nervous system. receives looming-sensitive projection output wing motor neurons12,13 therefore promising candidate for saccades. Using whole-cell patch-clamp recordings head-fixed flying Drosophila, we showed that ipsilateral behavioral-state-dependent manner. We further explored relates variable behavioral output. Sustained activity, persisting after stimulus, was strongest predictor saccade execution. However, alone cannot fully explain variability responses. Combined optogenetic experiments free these results suggest important but exclusive role saccades, advancing our understanding information transformed into commands maneuvers insects.Graphical abstract

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Biomaterials for neuroengineering: Applications and challenges DOI Creative Commons

Huanghui Wu,

E.J. Feng,

Huazong Yin

et al.

Regenerative Biomaterials, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Abstract Neurological injuries and diseases are a leading cause of disability worldwide, underscoring the urgent need for effective therapies. Neural regaining enhancement therapies seen as most promising strategies restoring neural function, offering hope individuals affected by these conditions. Despite their promise, path from animal research to clinical application is fraught with challenges. Neuroengineering, particularly through use biomaterials, has emerged key field that paving way innovative solutions It seeks understand treat neurological disorders, unravel nature consciousness, explore mechanisms memory brain’s relationship behavior, tissue engineering, interfaces targeted drug delivery systems. These including both natural synthetic types, designed replicate cellular environment brain, thereby facilitating repair. This review aims provide comprehensive overview biomaterials in neuroengineering, highlighting functional across basic practice. covers recent developments biomaterial-based products, 2D 3D bioprinted scaffolds cell organoid culture, brain-on-a-chip systems, biomimetic electrodes brain–computer interfaces. also explores artificial synapses networks, discussing applications modeling microenvironments repair regeneration, modulation manipulation integration traditional Chinese medicine. serves guide role advancing neuroengineering solutions, providing insights into ongoing efforts bridge gap between innovation application.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Inhibitory control explains locomotor statistics in walking Drosophila DOI Creative Commons
Hannah Gattuso,

Karin A. van Hassel,

Jacob D. Freed

et al.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 122(16)

Published: April 17, 2025

In order to forage for food, many animals regulate not only specific limb movements but the statistics of locomotor behavior, switching between long-range dispersal and local search depending on resource availability. How premotor circuits is clear. Here, we analyze model their modulation by attractive food odor in walking Drosophila . Food evokes three motor regimes flies: baseline walking, upwind running during odor, behavior following loss. During search, find that flies adopt higher angular velocities slower ground speeds turn longer periods same direction. We further different mean speed these state changes influence length odor-evoked runs. next developed a simple neural control suggests contralateral inhibition plays key role regulating statistical features locomotion. As fly connectome predicts decussating inhibitory neurons lateral accessory lobe (LAL), gained genetic access subset tested effects behavior. identified one population whose activation induces all signature regulates velocity at offset. second population, including single LAL neuron pair, bidirectionally speed. Together, our work develops biologically plausible computational architecture captures locomotion across behavioral states identifies substrates computations.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Inhibitory circuit motifs in Drosophila larvae generate motor program diversity and variability DOI Creative Commons

Jacob Francis,

Caius Gibeily, William V. Smith

et al.

PLoS Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 23(4), P. e3003094 - e3003094

Published: April 21, 2025

How do neural networks generate and regulate diversity variability in motor outputs with finite cellular components? Here we examine this problem by exploring the role that inhibitory neuron motifs play generating mixtures of programs segmentally organised Drosophila larval locomotor system. We developed a computational model is constrained experimental calcium imaging data. The comprises single-compartment cells single voltage-gated current, which are interconnected graded excitatory synapses. Local neurons form conditional oscillators each hemisegment. Surrounding architecture reflects key aspects inter- intrasegmental connectivity identified literature. generates metachronal waves activity recapitulate features fictive forwards backwards locomotion, as well bilaterally asymmetric anterior regions represents head sweeps. statistics inputs to competing command-like motifs, coupled detect across multiple segments network states promote outputs, while at same time preventing maladaptive overlap programs. Overall, testable predictions for connectomics physiological studies providing platform uncovering how circuit underpin generation systems.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Comparative connectomics of Drosophila descending and ascending neurons DOI Creative Commons
Tomke Stürner, Paul Brooks, Laia Serratosa Capdevila

et al.

Nature, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 30, 2025

In most complex nervous systems there is a clear anatomical separation between the nerve cord, which contains of final motor outputs necessary for behaviour, and brain. insects, neck connective both physical an information bottleneck connecting brain ventral cord (an analogue spinal cord) comprises diverse populations descending neurons (DNs), ascending (ANs) sensory neurons, are crucial sensorimotor signalling control. Here, by integrating three separate electron microscopy (EM) datasets1-4, we provide complete connectomic description ANs DNs Drosophila female system compare them with male cord. Proofread neuronal reconstructions matched across hemispheres, datasets sexes. Crucially, also match 51% DN cell types to light-level data5 defining specific driver lines, as well classifying all populations. We use these results reveal circuit logic neurons. observe connected chains spanning neck, may subserve sequences. sexually dimorphic AN populations, detailed analyses selected circuits reproductive behaviours, including courtship6 (DNa12; known aSP22) song production7 (AN from hemilineage 08B) ovipositor extrusion8 (DNp13). Our work provides EM-level that span entire central adult animal.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Neural circuit mechanisms for steering control in walking Drosophila DOI Open Access

Aleksandr Rayshubskiy,

Stephen L. Holtz,

Alexander Shakeel Bates

et al.

Published: May 2, 2025

Orienting behaviors provide a continuous stream of information about an organism’s sensory experiences and plans. Thus, to study the links between sensation action, it is useful identify neurons in brain that control orienting behaviors. Here we describe descending Drosophila predict influence orientation (heading) during walking. We show these cells have specialized functions: whereas one cell type predicts sustained low-gain steering, other transient high-gain steering. These latter integrate internally-directed steering signals from head direction system with stimulus-directed multimodal pathways. The inputs are organized produce “see-saw” commands, so increasing output hemisphere accompanied by decreasing hemisphere. Together, our results internal external drives integrated motor commands different timescales, for flexible precise space.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Subsets of extraocular motoneurons produce kinematically distinct saccades during hunting and exploration DOI Creative Commons
Charles K. Dowell, Thomas Hawkins, Isaac H. Bianco

et al.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Aug. 12, 2024

Abstract Animals construct diverse behavioural repertoires by moving a limited number of body parts with varied kinematics and patterns coordination. There is evidence that distinct movements can be generated changes in activity dynamics within common pool motoneurons, or selectively engaging specific subsets motoneurons task-dependent manner. However, most cases we have an incomplete understanding the motoneuron generate actions how upstream premotor circuits select assemble such motor programmes. In this study, used two closely related but kinematically types saccadic eye movement larval zebrafish as model to examine circuit control diversity. contrast prevailing view final pathway, found oculomotor nucleus, were engaged for each saccade type. This type-specific recruitment was topographically organised aligned ultrastructural differ-ences morphology afferent synaptic innervation. Medially located motoneu-rons active both tracing revealed type-agnostic pathway appears their recruitment. By contrast, laterally subset specifically hunting-associated saccades received in-put from pretectal hunting command neurons. Our data support which generalist action-specific pathways engage elicit same part subserve functions.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Bilateral interactions of optic-flow sensitive neurons coordinate course control in flies DOI Creative Commons
Victoria O. Pokusaeva, Roshan Satapathy, Olga Symonova

et al.

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Oct. 12, 2024

Abstract Animals rely on compensatory actions to maintain stability and navigate their environment efficiently. These depend global visual motion cues known as optic-flow. While the optomotor response has been traditional focus for studying optic-flow compensation in insects, its simplicity insufficient determine role of intricate processing network involved course control. Here, we reveal a series control behaviours Drosophila link them specific neural circuits. We show that bilateral electrical coupling optic-flow-sensitive neurons fly’s lobula plate are required proper This interaction works alongside chemical synapses within HS-H2 dynamics direction turning behaviours. Our findings how insects use navigation, assigning new functional significance suggesting previously unknown gap junctions non-linear operations.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Neural circuit mechanisms for steering control in walking Drosophila DOI Open Access

Aleksandr Rayshubskiy,

Stephen L. Holtz,

Alexander Shakeel Bates

et al.

Published: Nov. 27, 2024

Orienting behaviors provide a continuous stream of information about an organism’s sensory experiences and plans. Thus, to study the links between sensation action, it is useful identify neurons in brain that control orienting behaviors. Here we describe descending Drosophila predict influence orientation (heading) during walking. We show these cells have specialized functions: whereas one cell type predicts sustained low-gain steering, other transient high-gain steering. These latter integrate internally-directed steering signals from head direction system with stimulus-directed multimodal pathways. The inputs are organized produce “see-saw” commands, so increasing output hemisphere accompanied by decreasing hemisphere. Together, our results internal external drives integrated motor commands different timescales, for flexible precise space.

Language: Английский

Citations

1