Revolutionising oral organoids with artificial intelligence. DOI
Jiawei Yang, Nicholas G. Fischer, Zhou Ye

et al.

PubMed, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 5(4), P. 372 - 389

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

The convergence of organoid technology and artificial intelligence (AI) is poised to revolutionise oral healthcare. Organoids - three-dimensional structures derived from human tissues offer invaluable insights into the complex biology diseases, allowing researchers effectively study disease mechanisms test therapeutic interventions in environments that closely mimic vivo conditions. In this review, we first present historical development organoids delve current types organoids, focusing on their use models, regeneration microbiome intervention. We then compare single-source multi-lineage assess latest progress bioprinted, vascularised neural-integrated organoids. next part highlight significant advancements AI, emphasising how AI algorithms may potentially promote for early detection diagnosis, personalised treatment, prediction drug screening. However, our main finding identification remaining challenges, such as data integration critical need rigorous validation ensure clinical reliability. Our viewpoint AI-enabled are still limited applications but, look future, potential transformation AI-integrated microbial interactions discoveries. By synthesising these components, review aims provide a comprehensive perspective state future implications role advancing healthcare improving patient outcomes.

Language: Английский

Rigor and reproducibility in human brain organoid research: Where we are and where we need to go DOI Creative Commons
Soraya O. Sandoval, Gerarda Cappuccio, Karina Kruth

et al.

Stem Cell Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 19(6), P. 796 - 816

Published: May 16, 2024

Human brain organoid models have emerged as a promising tool for studying human development and function. These preserve genetics recapitulate some aspects of development, while facilitating manipulation in an vitro setting. Despite their potential to transform biology medicine, concerns persist about fidelity. To fully harness potential, it is imperative establish reliable analytic methods, ensuring rigor reproducibility. Here, we review current analytical platforms used characterize forebrain cortical organoids, highlight challenges, propose recommendations future studies achieve greater precision uniformity across laboratories.

Language: Английский

Citations

14
SIMS: A deep-learning label transfer tool for single-cell RNA sequencing analysis DOI Creative Commons
Jesus Gonzalez-Ferrer, Julian Lehrer, Ash O’Farrell

et al.

Cell Genomics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 4(6), P. 100581 - 100581

Published: May 31, 2024

Cell atlases serve as vital references for automating cell labeling in new samples, yet existing classification algorithms struggle with accuracy. Here we introduce SIMS (scalable, interpretable machine learning single cell), a low-code data-efficient pipeline single-cell RNA classification. We benchmark against datasets from different tissues and species. demonstrate SIMS's efficacy classifying cells the brain, achieving high accuracy even small training sets (<3,500 cells) across samples. accurately predicts neuronal subtypes developing shedding light on genetic changes during differentiation postmitotic fate refinement. Finally, apply to of cortical organoids predict identities uncover variations between lines. identifies cell-line differences misannotated lineages human derived pluripotent stem Altogether, show that is versatile robust tool cell-type datasets.

Language: Английский

Citations

7
Two independent translocation modes drive neural stem cell dissemination into the human fetal cortex DOI Creative Commons
Ryszard Wimmer,

Pauline Lestienne,

Christοphe Brunet

et al.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 9, 2025

Abstract The strong size increase of the human neocortex is supported both by amplification and basal translocation a neural stem cell population, radial glial cells (or bRG cells). Using live imaging second trimester fetal tissue cortical organoids, we identify two independent modes for colonization neocortex. On top an actomyosin-dependent movement called mitotic somal (MST), microtubule-dependent motion occurring during interphase, that call interphasic (IST). We show IST driven LINC complex, through nuclear envelope recruitment dynein motor its activator LIS1. Consequently, severely altered in LIS1 patient-derived organoids. also demonstrate MST occurs prometaphase spindle event. controlled rounding molecular pathway, via Moesin Vimentin, driving translocation. report 85% due to IST, total 0,67 mm per month gestation. Our work identifies how colonize cortex, further shows are conserved bRG-related migrating glioblastoma cells.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Emerging approaches to enhance human brain organoid physiology DOI Creative Commons
Anna Pagliaro, Benedetta Artegiani, Delilah Hendriks

et al.

Trends in Cell Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Brain organoids are important 3D models for studying human brain development, disease, and evolution. To overcome some of the existing limitations that affect organoid quality, reproducibility, characteristics, in vivo resemblance, current efforts directed to improve their physiological relevance by exploring different, yet interconnected, routes. In this review, these approaches latest developments discussed, including stem cell optimization, refining morphogen administration strategies, altering extracellular matrix (ECM) niche, manipulating tissue architecture mimic morphogenesis. Additionally, strategies increase diversity enhance maturation, such as establishing co-cultures, assembloids, xenotransplantation, reviewed. We explore how various factors can be tuned intermingled speculate on future avenues towards even more physiologically-advanced organoids.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Protocols for the application of human embryonic stem cell-derived neurons for aging modeling and gene manipulation DOI Creative Commons
Hui Zhang, Shuhui Sun, Juan Carlos Izpisúa Belmonte

et al.

STAR Protocols, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 6(1), P. 103633 - 103633

Published: Feb. 10, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Chronic exposure to glucocorticoids amplifies inhibitory neuron cell fate during human neurodevelopment in organoids DOI Creative Commons
Leander Dony, Anthi C. Krontira,

Lea Kaspar

et al.

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 11(7)

Published: Feb. 14, 2025

Disruptions in the tightly regulated process of human brain development have been linked to increased risk for and mental illnesses. While genetic contribution these diseases is well established, important environmental factors less studied at molecular cellular levels. Here, we used single-cell cell type-specific techniques investigate effect glucocorticoid (GC) exposure, a mediator antenatal risk, on gene regulation lineage specification unguided neural organoids. We characterized transcriptional response chronic GC exposure during differentiation underlying regulatory networks by integrating transcriptomics with chromatin accessibility data. found lasting changes that included autism genes several transcription associated neurodevelopment. Chronic influenced primarily priming inhibitory neuron through like PBX3. provide evidence convergence common mechanism altering specification.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Modeling forebrain regional development and connectivity by human brain organoids DOI

Mu Seog Choe,

Cynthia Lo,

In‐Hyun Park

et al.

Current Opinion in Genetics & Development, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 91, P. 102324 - 102324

Published: Feb. 20, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Human Midbrain Organoids Enriched With Dopaminergic Neurons for Long‐Term Functional Evaluation DOI Creative Commons
Xinyue Wang,

Gaoying Sun,

Mingming Tang

et al.

Cell Proliferation, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 20, 2025

ABSTRACT Human midbrain organoids with functional dopaminergic (DA) neurons are invaluable for the therapeutic development of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, current methods face significant limitations, including challenges in generating pint‐sized enriched DA and lack robust assays efficiently evaluating neural networks over extended periods. Here we present an innovative approach that combines developmental patterning mechanical cutting to produce small organoids, diameters less than 300 μm, suitable long‐term evaluation, along a comprehensive assay system consisting calcium transient assay, neurite extension multielectrode array (MEA) assay. Radial into four eight portions according their sizes at appropriate stage significantly increases yield viable while reducing necrotic cell regions. Using system, demonstrate within extend long projections, respond dopamine stimulation, form characterised by giant depolarising potential‐like events. Our supports generation PD models can be used testing.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Cell Type-Agnostic Transcriptomic Signatures Enable Uniform Comparisons of Neurodevelopment DOI Creative Commons
Sridevi Venkatesan,

Jonathan M. Werner,

Yun‐Li Ma

et al.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 25, 2025

Single-cell transcriptomics has revolutionized our understanding of neurodevelopmental cell identities, yet, predicting a type's developmental state from its transcriptome remains challenge. We perform meta-analysis developing human brain datasets comprising over 2.8 million cells, identifying both tissue-level and cell-autonomous predictors age. While tissue composition predicts age within individual studies, it fails to generalize, whereas specific type proportions reliably track time across datasets. Training regularized regression models infer maturation, we find that type-agnostic model achieves the highest accuracy (error = 2.6 weeks), robustly capturing dynamics diverse types This generalizes neural organoids, accurately normal trajectories (R 0.91) disease-induced shifts in vitro . Furthermore, extends mouse brain, revealing an accelerated tempo relative humans. Our work provides unified framework for comparing neurodevelopment contexts, systems, species.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
High-dimensional signalling analysis of organoids DOI Creative Commons

Aurélie Dobric,

Christopher J. Tape

Current Opinion in Cell Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 94, P. 102488 - 102488

Published: March 9, 2025

Cellular phenotypes are regulated by dynamic signalling processes that involve proteins, post-translational modifications, epigenetic events, and transcriptional responses. Functional perturbation studies required to understand cell mechanisms organoids have recently emerged as scalable biomimetic models amenable large-scale perturbation. Here, we review the recent advances in high-dimensional analysis of organoids. Single-cell technologies provide cell-type specific multiple biochemical modalities, enabling a deeper understanding driving cell-fate dynamics. Emerging multimodal techniques further revealing coordination between layers poised increase our mechanistic signalling.

Language: Английский

Citations

0