Journal of Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
41(5), P. 845 - 854
Published: Jan. 20, 2021
Spinal
interneurons
are
important
facilitators
and
modulators
of
motor,
sensory,
autonomic
functions
in
the
intact
CNS.
This
heterogeneous
population
neurons
is
now
widely
appreciated
to
be
a
key
component
plasticity
recovery.
review
highlights
our
current
understanding
spinal
interneuron
heterogeneity,
their
contribution
control
modulation
motor
sensory
functions,
how
this
role
might
change
after
traumatic
cord
injury.
We
also
offer
perspective
for
treatments
can
optimize
functional
improvement.
Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
15
Published: July 26, 2021
Astrocytes
are
essential
for
the
development
and
homeostatic
maintenance
of
central
nervous
system
(CNS).
They
also
critical
players
in
CNS
injury
response
during
which
they
undergo
a
process
referred
to
as
"reactive
astrogliosis."
Diversity
astrocyte
morphology
gene
expression,
revealed
by
transcriptional
analysis,
is
well-recognized
has
been
reported
several
pathologies,
including
ischemic
stroke,
demyelination,
traumatic
injury.
This
diversity
appears
unique
specific
pathology,
with
significant
variance
across
temporal,
topographical,
age,
sex-specific
variables.
Despite
this,
there
limited
functional
data
corroborating
this
diversity.
Furthermore,
reactive
astrocytes
display
environmental-dependent
plasticity
fate-mapping
on
subsets
adult
limited,
it
remains
unclear
whether
represents
heterogeneity
or
plasticity.
As
important
neuronal
survival
function
post-injury,
establishing
what
extent
reflects
distinct
established
heterogeneous
subpopulations
vs.
environmentally
dependent
within
will
be
guiding
therapeutic
development.
To
that
end,
we
review
current
state
knowledge
context
three
representative
pathologies:
injury,
goal
identifying
key
limitations
our
suggesting
future
areas
research
needed
address
them.
We
suggest
majority
identified
pathologies
date
dynamically
changing
post-injury
environments
opposed
heterogeneity,
an
consideration
understanding
disease
pathogenesis
interventions.
Journal of Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
41(5), P. 845 - 854
Published: Jan. 20, 2021
Spinal
interneurons
are
important
facilitators
and
modulators
of
motor,
sensory,
autonomic
functions
in
the
intact
CNS.
This
heterogeneous
population
neurons
is
now
widely
appreciated
to
be
a
key
component
plasticity
recovery.
review
highlights
our
current
understanding
spinal
interneuron
heterogeneity,
their
contribution
control
modulation
motor
sensory
functions,
how
this
role
might
change
after
traumatic
cord
injury.
We
also
offer
perspective
for
treatments
can
optimize
functional
improvement.
