Recent advances of CRISPR-based genome editing for enhancing staple crops

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Sept. 23, 2024

An increasing population, climate change, and diminishing natural resources present severe threats to global food security, with traditional breeding genetic engineering methods often falling short in addressing these rapidly evolving challenges. CRISPR/Cas systems have emerged as revolutionary tools for precise modifications crops, offering significant advancements resilience, yield, nutritional value, particularly staple crops like rice maize. This review highlights the transformative potential of technology, emphasizing recent innovations such prime base editing, development novel CRISPR-associated proteins, which significantly improved specificity, efficiency, scope genome editing agriculture. These enable targeted that enhance tolerance abiotic stresses well biotic stresses. Additionally, plays a crucial role improving crop yield quality by enhancing photosynthetic nutrient uptake, resistance lodging, while also taste, texture, shelf life, content through biofortification. Despite challenges off-target effects, need more efficient delivery methods, ethical regulatory concerns, underscores importance security sustainability It calls continued research integration CRISPR other emerging technologies nanotechnology, synthetic biology, machine learning fully realize its developing resilient, productive, sustainable agricultural systems.

Language: Английский

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Salinity survival: molecular mechanisms and adaptive strategies in plants

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: Feb. 28, 2025

Soil salinity is a significant environmental challenge that threatens plant growth and development, adversely affecting global food crop production. This underscores the critical need to elucidate molecular mechanisms underlying salt tolerance, which has profound implications for agricultural advancement. Recent progress in tolerance greatly improved our understanding of responses stress precision design breeding as an effective strategy developing new salt-tolerant varieties. review focuses on model species Arabidopsis thaliana important crops, namely, wheat ( Triticum aestivum ), maize Zea mays rice Oryza sativa ). It summarizes current knowledge emphasizing key aspects such perception response stress, Na + transport, compartmentalization clearance, changes reactive oxygen induced by regulation stem cell development under conditions. The might provide valuable information adaptation stress.

Language: Английский

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Salt stress in wheat: A Physiological and Genetic Perspective

Plant Stress, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 100832 - 100832

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Adapting crops for climate change: regaining lost abiotic stress tolerance in crops

Frontiers in Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 2

Published: Dec. 5, 2024

It is often stated that agricultural outputs need to increase substantially meet the demands for more food posed by a growing population. However, when accounting climate change, we argue current projected increases are unrealistic and realistic goal would be maintain yields per area of production. This will require breeding crops with increased tolerance abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity, waterlogging, high temperatures. can accomplished in one two ways: introducing stress genes into present high-yielding or increasing already tolerant orphan and/or wild plants. We first strategy easing restrictions on use gene editing technologies making substantial improvements cell-based phenotyping identify available pool crop its relatives. The success second depend number domestication selected order obtain comparable present-day cultivars. still too early conclude which strategies, rewilding (bringing lost from ancestors back domesticated crops) de novo (domesticating resilient plants underutilized directly), most effective future sustainable agriculture. given importance issue, some rapid action needs taken.

Language: Английский

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Genetic Variation in Wheat Root Transcriptome Responses to Salinity: A Comparative Study of Tolerant and Sensitive Genotypes

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(1), P. 331 - 331

Published: Jan. 2, 2025

Salt tolerance is a critical trait for plant survival and productivity in saline environments. Development of salt tolerant crops practical strategy addressing soil salinity issues. In this study, RNA-Seq analysis was performed using two wheat cultivars with contrasting (Neixiang188, Barra, sensitive) at 6 h 24 after treatment to determine the genetic variations reflected RNA expression patterns identify key genes associated tolerance. Our results revealed that there were 2983 upregulated 1091 downregulated differentially expressed (DEGs), which found common accessions. Meanwhile, 529 DEGs subjected GO function annotation, KEGG enrichment, protein–protein interaction (PPI) network prediction. Finally, theoretical framework outlining mechanisms Neixiang188 proposed. It can be inferred possesses superior ion homeostasis, ROS detoxification, osmotic adjustment abilities compared Barra when stress. The present research sheds light on foundation offers candidate manipulation. insights enhance comprehension molecular underlying stress responses could guide future breeding efforts improving crops.

Language: Английский

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Genomics-guided landscape unlocks superior alleles and genes for yellow rust resistance in wheat

Research Square (Research Square), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 11, 2025

Yellow rust (YR), caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), poses a significant threat to wheat production worldwide. Breeding resistant cultivar is crucial for managing this disease. However, understanding of the genetic mechanisms underlying YR resistance remains fragmented. To address this, we conducted comprehensive analysis with variome data from 2,191 accessions worldwide and over 47,000 response records across multiple environments pathogen races. Through genome-wide association studies, established landscape 431 loci, providing rich resource (R) gene deployment. Furthermore, cloned genes corresponding three namely Yr5x effective against Pst races, Yr6/Pm5 that conferred two species, YrKB (TaEDR2-B) conferring broad-spectrum without yield penalty. These findings offer valuable insights into basis in lay foundation engineering durable disease resistance.

Language: Английский

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Isolation of OSCAs in wheat and over-expression of TaOSCA14D increased salt stress tolerance

Journal of Plant Physiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 306, P. 154449 - 154449

Published: Feb. 7, 2025

Language: Английский

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TaFT‐D1 positively regulates grain weight by acting as a coactivator of TaFDL2 in wheat

Plant Biotechnology Journal, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 18, 2025

Summary FLOWERING LOCUS T ( FT ), a multifunctional regulator in crops, modulates multiple key agronomic traits such as flowering time or heading date and plant height; however, its role grain development regulation is unclear. Herein, through genome‐wide association studies (GWAS), we identified TaFT‐D1 , which encodes phosphatidylethanolamine‐binding protein (PEBP), candidate gene for weight wheat. A one‐bp insertion/deletion (InDel) (G/‐) the third exon of resulting different lengths, was significantly associated with weight. knockout via CRISPR‐Cas9 system reduced size weight, increased by promoting cell proliferation starch synthesis. Transcriptome analysis revealed significant decrease expression cycle‐ synthesis‐related genes, including TaNAC019‐3A TaSWEET15‐like‐7B TaCYCD4;1 TaCYCD3;2 taft‐d1 line. interacted bZIP transcription factor TaFDL2, tafdl2 mutant presented relatively small grains, suggesting that TaFDL2 positive size. Moreover, bound to promoters downstream activating their expression, whereas this activation TaFDL2. Interaction assays demonstrated TaFT‐D1, Ta14‐3‐3A formed regulatory complex. Furthermore, TaFT‐D1(G) allele correlated greater thousand‐grain earlier heading. This favourable has undergone strong selection during wheat breeding China. Our findings provide novel insights into how regulates highlight potential application yield improvement

Language: Английский

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Origin of a self‐compatibility associated MITE in Petota and its application in hybrid potato breeding

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 31, 2025

Summary Hybrid potato breeding offers a promising solution to tackle the challenges in breeding. However, most diploids are self‐incompatible (SI), which hinders development of inbred lines. S‐locus inhibitor ( Sli ) is ‘master key’ gene capable conferring self‐compatibility (SC) SI diploids, yet regulatory mechanism underlying its male gamete‐specific expression remains unclear, limiting potential. This study has uncovered that miniature inverted‐repeat transposable element (Mi‐549) within promoter can affect methylation pattern promoter, thereby regulating pollen‐specific as well SC phenotype diploids. We delved into origin Mi‐549 Petota and found was likely acquired fortuitously wild Solanum lesteri but not favored during domestication, probably due asexual propagation nature potato. Although impacts on selected, screening identified three novel accessions belong S. , neocardenasii stenotomum enrich germplasm pool associated with stress pest resistance hold significant value for applications.

Language: Английский

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Breeding and molecular characterization of a new salt-tolerant wheat variety

aBIOTECH, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 4, 2025

Language: Английский

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