Recent developments in the immunopathology of COVID‐19 DOI Creative Commons
Huanping Zhang,

Yuanli Sun,

Yanfen Wang

et al.

Allergy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 78(2), P. 369 - 388

Published: Nov. 24, 2022

Abstract There has been an important change in the clinical characteristics and immune profile of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) patients during pandemic thanks to extensive vaccination programs. Here, we highlight recent studies on COVID‐19, from immunological protective risk factors for severity mortality COVID‐19. The efficacy COVID‐19 vaccines potential allergic reactions after administration are also discussed. occurrence new variants concerns such as Omicron BA.2, BA.4, BA.5 global have changed scenario Multisystem inflammatory syndrome children (MIS‐C) may cause severe heterogeneous but with a lower rate. Perturbations immunity T cells, B mast well autoantibodies metabolic reprogramming contribute long‐term symptoms is conflicting evidence about whether atopic diseases, asthma rhinitis, associated susceptibility better outcomes At beginning pandemic, European Academy Allergy Clinical Immunology (EAACI) developed guidelines that provided timely information management diseases preventive measures reduce transmission clinics. distribution emerging acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) reduced pathogenic dramatically decreased morbidity, severity, Nevertheless, breakthrough infection remains challenge control. Hypersensitivity (HSR) low compared other vaccines, these were addressed EAACI statements indications reactions, including anaphylaxis vaccines. We gained depth knowledge experience over years since start yet full eradication SARS‐CoV‐2 not horizon. Novel strategies warranted prevent high‐risk groups, development MIS‐C long

Language: Английский

Fatigue and cognitive impairment after COVID-19: A prospective multicentre study DOI Creative Commons
Tim J. Hartung, Christian Neumann, Thomas Bahmer

et al.

EClinicalMedicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 53, P. 101651 - 101651

Published: Sept. 17, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

139
Cognitive dysfunction associated with COVID-19: A comprehensive neuropsychological study DOI
Cristina Delgado‐Alonso,

María Valles‐Salgado,

Alfonso Delgado‐Álvarez

et al.

Journal of Psychiatric Research, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 150, P. 40 - 46

Published: March 24, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

137
Epigenetic memory of coronavirus infection in innate immune cells and their progenitors DOI Creative Commons
Jin‐Gyu Cheong, Arjun Ravishankar, Siddhartha Sharma

et al.

Cell, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 186(18), P. 3882 - 3902.e24

Published: Aug. 1, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

137
SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein induces TLR4-mediated long-term cognitive dysfunction recapitulating post-COVID-19 syndrome in mice DOI Creative Commons
Fabrícia Lima Fontes-Dantas, Gabriel Gripp Fernandes,

Elisa Gouvea Gutman

et al.

Cell Reports, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 42(3), P. 112189 - 112189

Published: Feb. 17, 2023

Cognitive dysfunction is often reported in patients with post-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) syndrome, but its underlying mechanisms are not completely understood. Evidence suggests that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Spike protein or fragments released from cells during infection, reaching different tissues, including the CNS, irrespective of presence viral RNA. Here, we demonstrate brain infusion mice has a late impact on cognitive function, recapitulating post-COVID-19 syndrome. We also show neuroinflammation and hippocampal microgliosis mediate Spike-induced memory via complement-dependent engulfment synapses. Genetic pharmacological blockage Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling protects animals against synapse elimination induced by infusion. Accordingly, cohort 86 who recovered mild COVID-19, genotype GG TLR4-2604G>A (rs10759931) associated poor outcome. These results identify TLR4 as key target to investigate long-term after COVID-19 infection humans rodents.

Language: Английский

Citations

111
Long COVID endotheliopathy: hypothesized mechanisms and potential therapeutic approaches DOI Creative Commons
Jasimuddin Ahamed, Jeffrey Laurence

Journal of Clinical Investigation, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 132(15)

Published: July 31, 2022

SARS-CoV-2–infected individuals may suffer a multi–organ system disorder known as "long COVID" or post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC). There are no standard treatments, the pathophysiology is unknown, and incidence varies by clinical phenotype. Acute COVID-19 correlates with biomarkers systemic inflammation, hypercoagulability, comorbidities that less prominent in PASC. Macrovessel thrombosis, hallmark acute COVID-19, frequent Female sex at birth associated reduced risk for progression, but increased Persistent microvascular endotheliopathy cryptic tissue reservoirs has been implicated PASC pathology. Autoantibodies, localized reactivation latent pathogens also be involved, potentially leading to documented multiple tissues. Diagnostic assays illuminating possible therapeutic targets discussed.

Language: Английский

Citations

105
Long Covid: where we stand and challenges ahead DOI Creative Commons
Alberto Mantovani, Maria Concetta Morrone, Carlo Patrono

et al.

Cell Death and Differentiation, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 7, 2022

Abstract Post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC), also known as Post-Covid Syndrome, and colloquially Long Covid, has been defined a constellation signs symptoms which persist for weeks or months after the initial infection. PASC affects wide range diverse organs systems, with manifestations involving lungs, brain, cardiovascular system other such kidney neuromuscular system. The pathogenesis is complex multifactorial. Evidence suggests that seeding persistence in different organs, reactivation, response to unrelated viruses EBV, autoimmunity, uncontrolled inflammation are major drivers PASC. relative importance pathogenetic pathways may differ tissue organ contexts. vaccination, addition protecting against disease, reduces breakthrough infection although its actual impact remains be defined. represents formidable challenge health care systems dissecting mechanisms pave way targeted preventive therapeutic approaches.

Language: Английский

Citations

101
Long-term gastrointestinal outcomes of COVID-19 DOI Creative Commons
Evan Xu, Yan Xie, Ziyad Al‐Aly

et al.

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: March 7, 2023

Abstract A comprehensive evaluation of the risks and 1-year burdens gastrointestinal disorders in post-acute phase COVID-19 is needed but not yet available. Here we use US Department Veterans Affairs national health care databases to build a cohort 154,068 people with COVID-19, 5,638,795 contemporary controls, 5,859,621 historical controls estimate set pre-specified incident outcomes. We show that beyond first 30 days infection, exhibited increased spanning several disease categories including motility disorders, acid related (dyspepsia, gastroesophageal reflux disease, peptic ulcer disease), functional intestinal acute pancreatitis, hepatic biliary disease. The were evident who hospitalized during graded fashion across severity spectrum (non-hospitalized, hospitalized, admitted intensive care). consistent comparisons vs control group as referent category. Altogether, our results SARS-CoV-2 infection are at risk COVID-19. Post-covid should involve attention

Language: Английский

Citations

100
Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children and Long COVID: The SARS-CoV-2 Viral Superantigen Hypothesis DOI Creative Commons
Magali Noval Rivas, Rebecca A. Porritt, Mary Hongying Cheng

et al.

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: July 7, 2022

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a febrile pediatric disease that may develop weeks after initial SARS-CoV-2 infection or exposure. MIS-C involves systemic hyperinflammation and multiorgan involvement, including severe cardiovascular, gastrointestinal (GI) neurological symptoms. Some clinical attributes of MIS-C—such as persistent fever, rashes, conjunctivitis oral mucosa changes (red fissured lips strawberry tongue)—overlap with features Kawasaki (KD). In addition, shares striking similarities toxic shock (TSS), which triggered by bacterial superantigens (SAgs). The remarkable between TSS prompted search for SAg-like structures the virus discovery unique motif highly similar to Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) fragment spike 1 (S1) glycoprotein. Computational studies suggest has high affinity binding T-cell receptors (TCRs) MHC Class II proteins. Immunosequencing peripheral blood samples from patients revealed profound expansion TCR β variable gene 11-2 (TRBV11-2), correlates severity serum cytokine levels, consistent SAg-triggered immune response. sequence analysis further identified conserved neurotoxin-like motifs alter neuronal cell function contribute symptoms COVID-19 patients. Additionally, autoantibodies are detected during MIS-C, indicate development post-SARS-CoV-2 autoreactive autoimmune responses. Finally, prolonged persistence RNA gut, increased gut permeability elevated levels circulating S1 have been observed MIS-C. Accordingly, we hypothesize continuous exposure viral promote autoimmunity leading post-acute syndromes, long COVID, well complications resulting infection.

Language: Английский

Citations

95
SARS-CoV-2 in immunocompromised individuals DOI Creative Commons
Susan DeWolf, Justin Laracy, Miguel‐Angel Perales

et al.

Immunity, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 55(10), P. 1779 - 1798

Published: Sept. 13, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

92
Efficacy of first dose of covid-19 vaccine versus no vaccination on symptoms of patients with long covid: target trial emulation based on ComPaRe e-cohort DOI Creative Commons
Viet-Thi Tran, Élodie Perrodeau,

Júlia Schirmer Saldanha

et al.

BMJ Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 2(1), P. e000229 - e000229

Published: Feb. 1, 2023

To evaluate the effect of covid-19 vaccination on severity symptoms in patients with long covid. Target trial emulation based ComPaRe e-cohort. covid cohort, a nationwide e-cohort (ie, cohort where recruitment and follow-up are performed online) covid, France. Adult (aged ≥18 years) enrolled before 1 May 2021 were included study if they reported confirmed or suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection, persistent for >3 weeks after onset, at least one symptom attributable to baseline. Patients who received first vaccine injection matched an unvaccinated control group 1:1 ratio according their propensity scores. Number symptoms, rate complete remission proportion reporting unacceptable state 120 days recorded. 910 analyses (455 vaccinated 455 group). By days, had reduced number (mean 13.0 (standard deviation 9.4) v 14.8 (9.8) group; mean difference -1.8, 95% confidence interval -3.0 -0.5) doubled (16.6% 7.5%, hazard 1.93, 1.18 3.14). Vaccination patients' lives score impact tool 24.3 16.7) 27.6 (16.7); -3.3, -5.7 -1.0) (38.9% 46.4%, risk -7.4%, -14.5% -0.3%). In group, two (0.4%) serious adverse events requiring admission hospital. this study, social, professional, family those infection.

Language: Английский

Citations

92