Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
120(4)
Published: Jan. 17, 2023
Adaptive
immunity
is
driven
by
specific
binding
of
hypervariable
receptors
to
diverse
molecular
targets.
The
sequence
diversity
and
targets
are
both
individually
known
but
because
multiple
can
recognize
the
same
target,
a
measure
effective
“functional”
human
immune
system
has
remained
elusive.
Here,
we
show
that
near-coincidences
within
T
cell
bind
epitopes
provide
new
window
into
this
problem
allow
quantification
how
probability
covaries
with
sequence.
We
find
near-coincidence
statistics
epitope-specific
repertoires
imply
degeneracy
amino
acid
changes
in
receptor
consistent
across
disparate
experiments.
Paired
data
on
chains
heterodimeric
particularly
revealing
since
simultaneous
rare
they
be
exploited
estimate
number
epitope
responses
created
memory
compartment.
In
addition,
paired-chain
coincidences
strongly
suppressed
donors
different
leukocyte
antigens,
evidence
for
central
role
antigen-driven
selection
making
paired
chain
public.
These
results
demonstrate
power
coincidence
analysis
reveal
determinants
repertoires.
BMJ Medicine,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
2(1), P. e000468 - e000468
Published: Nov. 1, 2023
The
T
cell
memory
response
is
a
crucial
component
of
adaptive
immunity
responsible
for
limiting
or
preventing
viral
reinfection.
after
infection
with
the
SARS-CoV-2
virus
vaccination
broad,
and
spans
multiple
proteins
epitopes,
about
20
in
each
individual.
So
far
long
lasting
provides
high
level
cross
reactivity
hence
resistance
to
escape
by
variants
virus,
such
as
omicron
variant.
All
current
vaccine
regimens
tested
produce
robust
responses,
heterologous
will
probably
enhance
protective
responses
through
increased
breadth.
could
have
major
role
protecting
against
severe
covid-19
disease
rapid
clearance
early
presentation
presence
reactive
cells
might
this
protection.
likely
provide
ongoing
protection
admission
hospital
death,
development
pan-coronovirus
future
proof
new
pandemic
strains.
The Lancet Microbe,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
5(1), P. e24 - e33
Published: Dec. 1, 2023
SARS-CoV-2-specific
adaptive
immunity
more
than
1
year
after
initial
infection
has
not
been
well
characterised.
The
aim
of
this
study
was
to
investigate
the
durability
and
cross-reactivity
immunological
memory
acquired
from
natural
against
SARS-CoV-2
in
individuals
recovered
COVID-19
2
years
infection.
Cell Reports,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
42(1), P. 111995 - 111995
Published: Jan. 1, 2023
The
emergence
of
SARS-CoV-2
variants
concern
(VOC)
is
driven
by
mutations
that
mediate
escape
from
neutralizing
antibodies.
There
also
evidence
can
cause
loss
T
cell
epitopes.
However,
studies
on
viral
immunity
have
been
hampered
uncertain
estimates
epitope
prevalence.
Here,
we
map
and
quantify
CD8
responses
to
SARS-CoV-2-specific
minimal
epitopes
in
blood
drawn
April
June
2020
83
COVID-19
convalescents.
Among
37
HLA
ligands
eluted
five
prevalent
alleles
an
additional
86
predicted
binders,
identify
29
with
immunoprevalence
ranging
3%
100%
among
individuals
expressing
the
relevant
allele.
Mutations
VOC
are
reported
10.3%
epitopes,
while
20.6%
non-immunogenic
peptides
mutated
VOC.
nine
most
conserved
Thus,
comprehensive
mapping
prevalence
does
not
provide
immunity.
Nature Aging,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
3(4), P. 418 - 435
Published: March 13, 2023
Abstract
Aging
is
a
critical
risk
factor
for
severe
acute
respiratory
syndrome
coronavirus
2
(SARS-CoV-2)
vaccine
efficacy.
The
immune
responses
to
inactivated
older
adults,
and
the
underlying
mechanisms
of
potential
differences
young
are
still
unclear.
Here
we
show
that
neutralizing
antibody
production
by
adults
took
longer
time
reach
similar
levels
in
after
SARS-CoV-2
vaccination.
We
screened
variant
strains
epitopes
stimulate
specific
CD8
T
cell
response,
exhibited
weaker
T-cell-mediated
these
epitopes.
Comparison
lymphocyte
transcriptomes
from
pre-vaccinated
post-vaccinated
donors
suggested
had
impaired
antigen
processing
presentation
capability.
Single-cell
sequencing
revealed
less
clone
expansion
SARS-CoV-2,
likely
due
inadequate
receptor
repertoire
size
diversity.
Our
study
provides
mechanistic
insights
response
suggests
need
further
vaccination
optimization
old
population.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
120(4)
Published: Jan. 17, 2023
Adaptive
immunity
is
driven
by
specific
binding
of
hypervariable
receptors
to
diverse
molecular
targets.
The
sequence
diversity
and
targets
are
both
individually
known
but
because
multiple
can
recognize
the
same
target,
a
measure
effective
“functional”
human
immune
system
has
remained
elusive.
Here,
we
show
that
near-coincidences
within
T
cell
bind
epitopes
provide
new
window
into
this
problem
allow
quantification
how
probability
covaries
with
sequence.
We
find
near-coincidence
statistics
epitope-specific
repertoires
imply
degeneracy
amino
acid
changes
in
receptor
consistent
across
disparate
experiments.
Paired
data
on
chains
heterodimeric
particularly
revealing
since
simultaneous
rare
they
be
exploited
estimate
number
epitope
responses
created
memory
compartment.
In
addition,
paired-chain
coincidences
strongly
suppressed
donors
different
leukocyte
antigens,
evidence
for
central
role
antigen-driven
selection
making
paired
chain
public.
These
results
demonstrate
power
coincidence
analysis
reveal
determinants
repertoires.
