bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: March 27, 2024
SARS-CoV-2
infection
leads
to
vastly
divergent
clinical
outcomes
ranging
from
asymptomatic
fatal
disease.
Co-morbidities,
sex,
age,
host
genetics
and
vaccine
status
are
known
affect
disease
severity.
Yet,
how
the
inflammatory
milieu
of
lung
at
time
exposure
impacts
control
viral
replication
remains
poorly
understood.
We
demonstrate
here
that
immune
events
in
mouse
closely
preceding
significantly
impact
we
identify
key
innate
pathways
required
limit
replication.
A
diverse
set
pulmonary
stimuli,
including
resolved
antecedent
respiratory
infections
with
Theranostics,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
14(7), P. 2946 - 2968
Published: Jan. 1, 2024
Recent
advancements
in
modern
science
have
provided
robust
tools
for
drug
discovery.
The
rapid
development
of
transcriptome
sequencing
technologies
has
given
rise
to
single-cell
transcriptomics
and
single-nucleus
transcriptomics,
increasing
the
accuracy
accelerating
discovery
process.
With
evolution
spatial
(ST)
technology
emerged
as
a
derivative
approach.
Spatial
hot
topic
field
omics
research
recent
years;
it
not
only
provides
information
on
gene
expression
levels
but
also
offers
expression.
This
shown
tremendous
potential
disease
understanding
In
this
article,
we
introduce
analytical
strategies
review
its
applications
novel
target
mechanism
unravelling.
Moreover,
discuss
current
challenges
issues
that
need
be
addressed.
conclusion,
new
perspective
Science Advances,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
11(1)
Published: Jan. 1, 2025
Intradermal
Bacillus
Calmette-Guérin
(BCG)
is
the
most
widely
administered
vaccine,
but
it
does
not
sufficiently
protect
adults
against
pulmonary
tuberculosis.
Recent
studies
in
nonhuman
primates
show
that
intravenous
BCG
administration
offers
superior
protection
Mycobacterium
tuberculosis
(
Mtb
).
We
used
single-cell
analysis
of
bronchoalveolar
lavage
cells
from
rhesus
macaques
vaccinated
via
different
routes
and
doses
to
identify
alterations
immune
ecosystem
airway
following
vaccination.
Our
findings
reveal
high-dose
induces
an
influx
polyfunctional
T
macrophages
airways,
with
alveolar
displaying
a
basal
activation
state
absence
purified
protein
derivative
stimulation,
defined
part
by
interferon
signaling.
Enhanced
intercellular
signaling
stronger
helper
1–T
17
transcriptional
responses
were
observed
stimulation.
These
results
suggest
vaccination
creates
specialized
environment
primes
for
effective
clearance.
Bioactive Materials,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
36, P. 330 - 357
Published: March 11, 2024
Nanovaccines
have
gathered
significant
attention
for
their
potential
to
elicit
tumor-specific
immunological
responses.
Despite
notable
progress
in
tumor
immunotherapy,
nanovaccines
still
encounter
considerable
challenges
such
as
low
delivery
efficiency,
limited
targeting
ability,
and
suboptimal
efficacy.
With
an
aim
of
addressing
these
issues,
engineering
customized
through
modification
or
functionalization
has
emerged
a
promising
approach.
These
tailored
not
only
enhance
antigen
presentation,
but
also
effectively
modulate
immunosuppression
within
the
microenvironment.
Specifically,
they
are
distinguished
by
diverse
sizes,
shapes,
charges,
structures,
unique
physicochemical
properties,
along
with
ligands.
features
facilitate
lymph
node
accumulation
activation/regulation
immune
cells.
This
overview
bespoke
underscores
both
prophylactic
therapeutic
applications,
offering
insights
into
future
development
role
cancer
immunotherapy.
Cell Reports,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
43(4), P. 114094 - 114094
Published: April 1, 2024
The
importance
of
trained
immunity
in
antitumor
has
been
increasingly
recognized,
but
the
underlying
metabolic
regulation
mechanisms
remain
incompletely
understood.
In
this
study,
we
find
that
squalene
epoxidase
(SQLE),
a
key
enzyme
cholesterol
synthesis,
is
required
for
β-glucan-induced
macrophages
and
ensuing
activity.
Unexpectedly,
shunt
pathway,
not
classical
synthesis
catalyzed
by
SQLE,
induction.
Specifically,
24(S),25-epoxycholesterol
(24(S),25-EC),
pathway
metabolite,
activates
liver
X
receptor
increases
chromatin
accessibility
to
evoke
innate
immune
memory.
Meanwhile,
SQLE-induced
reactive
oxygen
species
accumulation
stabilizes
hypoxia-inducible
factor
1α
protein
switching
into
glycolysis.
Hence,
our
findings
identify
24(S),25-EC
as
metabolite
provide
important
insights
how
SQLE
regulates
trained-immunity-mediated
Frontiers in Immunology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
15
Published: July 16, 2024
While
most
of
the
cancer
immunotherapy
strategies
engage
adaptive
immunity,
especially
tumor-associated
T
cells,
small
fraction
responding
patients
and
types
cancers
amenable,
possibility
severe
adverse
effects
limit
its
usage.
More
effective
general
interventions
are
urgently
needed.
Recently,
a
de
facto
innate
immune
memory,
termed
‘trained
immunity’,
has
become
new
research
focal
point,
promises
to
be
powerful
tool
for
achieving
long-term
therapeutic
benefits
against
cancers.
Trained
immunity-inducing
agents
such
as
BCG
fungal
glucan
have
been
shown
able
avert
suppressive
tumor
microenvironment
(TME),
enhance
cell
responses,
eventually
lead
regression.
Here,
we
review
current
understating
trained
immunity
induction
highlight
critical
roles
emergency
granulopoiesis,
interferon
γ
tissue-specific
induction.
Preclinical
clinical
studies
that
exploited
inducers
summarized,
repurposed
from
other
fields
proposed.
We
also
outline
challenges
opportunities
in
future
immunotherapies.
envisage
more
vaccines
will
combine
with
therapies.
MedComm,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
6(2)
Published: Jan. 16, 2025
Rapid
advances
in
vaccine
technology
are
becoming
increasingly
important
tackling
global
health
crises
caused
by
respiratory
virus
infections.
While
traditional
vaccines,
primarily
administered
intramuscular
injection,
have
proven
effective,
they
often
fail
to
provide
the
broad
upper
tract
mucosal
immunity,
which
is
urgently
needed
for
first-line
control
of
viral
Furthermore,
vaccines
may
not
adequately
address
immune
escape
emerging
variants.
In
contrast,
developed
using
body's
response
mechanism
can
simultaneously
establish
both
systemic
and
immunity.
This
dual
action
effectively
allows
system
function
as
first
line
defense,
preventing
infections
at
entry
points.
review
highlights
efficacy
including
innovative
delivery
methods
such
nasal
oral
formulations,
enhancing
local
barriers.
Notably,
offer
potential
advantages
protecting
against
variants
maintaining
long-term
multidimensional
memory
tract.
addition,
a
combination
largely
improves
their
coverage
effectiveness,
providing
valuable
insights
future
development
public
inoculation
strategies.
PLoS Pathogens,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
20(7), P. e1012339 - e1012339
Published: July 1, 2024
The
regulation
of
inflammatory
responses
and
pulmonary
disease
during
SARS-CoV-2
infection
is
incompletely
understood.
Here
we
examine
the
roles
prototypic
pro-
anti-inflammatory
cytokines
IFNγ
IL-10
using
rhesus
macaque
model
mild
COVID-19.
We
find
that
drives
development
18fluorodeoxyglucose
(FDG)-avid
lesions
in
lungs
as
measured
by
PET/CT
imaging
but
not
required
for
suppression
viral
replication.
In
contrast,
limits
duration
acute
lesions,
serum
markers
inflammation
magnitude
virus-specific
T
cell
expansion
does
impair
clearance.
also
show
induces
subsequent
differentiation
effector
cells
into
CD69+CD103+
tissue
resident
memory
(Trm)
airways
maintains
Trm
nasal
mucosal
surfaces,
highlighting
an
unexpected
role
promoting
airway
macaques.
