SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern

Yonsei Medical Journal, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 62(11), P. 961 - 961

Published: Jan. 1, 2021

Since the COVID-19 pandemic first began in December 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus has continuously evolved with many variants emerging across world. These are categorized as variant of interest (VOI), concern (VOC), and under monitoring (VUM). As September 15, 2021, there four SARS-CoV-2 lineages designated VOC (alpha, beta, gamma, delta variants). VOCs have increased transmissibility compared to original virus, potential for increasing disease severity. In addition, exhibit decreased susceptibility vaccine-induced infection-induced immune responses, thus possess ability reinfect previously infected recovered individuals. Given their evade less susceptible monoclonal antibody treatments. can also impact effectiveness mRNA adenovirus vector vaccines, although currently authorized vaccines still effective preventing infection disease. Current measures reduce transmission well efforts monitor understand should be continued. Here, we review molecular features, epidemiology, on transmissibility, severity, vaccine VOCs.

Language: Английский

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Effectiveness of the CoronaVac vaccine in older adults during a gamma variant associated epidemic of covid-19 in Brazil: test negative case-control study

BMJ, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. n2015 - n2015

Published: Aug. 20, 2021

To estimate the effectiveness of inactivated whole virus vaccine, CoronaVac (Sinovac Biotech), against symptomatic covid-19 in elderly population São Paulo state, Brazil during widespread circulation gamma variant.Test negative case-control study.Community testing for Brazil.43 774 adults aged ≥70 years who were residents state and underwent reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) SARS-CoV-2 from 17 January to 29 April 2021. 26 433 cases with 622 test controls symptoms formed into 13 283 matched sets, one case up five controls, according age, sex, self-reported race, municipality residence, previous status, date RT-PCR (±3 days).Vaccination a two dose regimen CoronaVac.RT-PCR confirmed associated hospital admissions deaths.Adjusted vaccine was 24.7% (95% confidence interval 14.7% 33.4%) at 0-13 days 46.8% (38.7% 53.8%) ≥14 after second dose. Adjusted 55.5% (46.5% 62.9%) deaths 61.2% (48.9% 70.5%) Vaccine highest youngest age group (70-74 years)-59.0% (43.7% 70.2%) disease, 77.6% (62.5% 86.7%) admissions, 83.9% (59.2% 93.7%) deaths-and declined increasing age.Vaccination reduction covid-19, setting extensive transmission variant. protection was, however, low until completion regimen, observe decline among this population.

Language: Английский

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Global disparities in SARS-CoV-2 genomic surveillance

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: Nov. 16, 2022

Abstract Genomic sequencing is essential to track the evolution and spread of SARS-CoV-2, optimize molecular tests, treatments, vaccines, guide public health responses. To investigate global SARS-CoV-2 genomic surveillance, we used sequences shared via GISAID estimate impact intensity turnaround times on variant detection in 189 countries. In first two years pandemic, 78% high-income countries sequenced >0.5% their COVID-19 cases, while 42% low- middle-income reached that mark. Around 25% genomes from high income were submitted within 21 days, a pattern observed 5% We found around 0.5% with time <21 could provide benchmark for surveillance. Socioeconomic inequalities undermine pandemic preparedness, efforts must be made support improve local capacity.

Language: Английский

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COVID-19: Unmasking Emerging SARS-CoV-2 Variants, Vaccines and Therapeutic Strategies

Biomolecules, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11(7), P. 993 - 993

Published: July 6, 2021

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the etiological agent of disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, which has been a topic major concern for global human health. The challenge to restrain COVID-19 pandemic further compounded by emergence several SARS-CoV-2 variants viz. B.1.1.7 (Alpha), B.1.351 (Beta), P1 (Gamma) and B.1.617.2 (Delta), show increased transmissibility resistance towards vaccines therapies. Importantly, there convincing evidence susceptibility infection among individuals with dysregulated immune response comorbidities. Herein, we provide comprehensive perspective regarding vulnerability in patients underlying medical We discuss ongoing vaccine (mRNA, protein-based, viral vector-based, etc.) therapeutic (monoclonal antibodies, small molecules, plasma therapy, modalities designed curb pandemic. also detail, challenges posed different (VOC) identified across globe their effects on prophylactic interventions.

Language: Английский

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Effectiveness of CoronaVac among healthcare workers in the setting of high SARS-CoV-2 Gamma variant transmission in Manaus, Brazil: A test-negative case-control study

The Lancet Regional Health - Americas, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 1, P. 100025 - 100025

Published: July 25, 2021

Language: Английский

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The origins and molecular evolution of SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.1.7 in the UK

Virus Evolution, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 8(2)

Published: July 1, 2022

The first SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern (VOC) to be designated was lineage B.1.1.7, later labelled by the World Health Organization as Alpha. Originating in early autumn but discovered December 2020, it spread rapidly and caused large waves infections worldwide. Alpha is notable for being defined a long ancestral phylogenetic branch with an increased evolutionary rate, along which only two sequences have been sampled. genomes comprise well-supported monophyletic clade within rate typical SARS-CoV-2. epidemic continued grow despite restrictions on social mixing across UK imposition new restrictions, particular, English national lockdown November 2020. While these interventions succeeded reducing absolute number cases, impact non-pharmaceutical predominantly drive decline lineages that preceded We investigate sampled fall find one likely true intermediate sequence, providing information about order mutational events led explore alternate hypotheses can explain how acquired mutations yet remained largely unobserved region high genomic surveillance: under-sampled geographical location, non-human animal population, or chronically infected individual. conclude latter provides best explanation observed behaviour dynamics variant, although individual need not immunocompromised, persistently immunocompetent hosts also display higher within-host evolution. Finally, we compare branches mutation profiles other VOCs Delta appears outlier both terms locations its defining lack rapid branch. As variants, such Omicron, continue evolve (potentially through similar mechanisms), remains important origins variants identify ways potentially disrupt their evolution emergence.

Language: Английский

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Quantifying the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 viral load and infectiousness

eLife, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: Sept. 27, 2021

The relationship between SARS-CoV-2 viral load and infectiousness is poorly known. Using data from a cohort of cases high-risk contacts, we reconstructed at the time contact inferred probability infection. effect was larger in household contacts than non-household with transmission as large 48% when greater 10

Language: Английский

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Collapse of the public health system and the emergence of new variants during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil

One Health, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13, P. 100287 - 100287

Published: June 29, 2021

The worldwide spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused most public health crisis since 1918 Spanish influenza pandemic. After introduction interventions aimed at reducing number COVID-19 cases, many countries across world obtained success containing fast SARS-CoV-2 during first wave However, resurged in causing a even more devastating second wave. Brazil is one affected and currently facing worst crises its history. Here, we discuss unprecedented challenges faced by Brazilian system midst pandemic, particularly regarding collapse emergence new variants concern (VOCs). Finally, suggest some insights using approach that will help country to face overcome current crisis.

Language: Английский

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Emerging SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern (VOCs): An Impending Global Crisis

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 9(10), P. 1303 - 1303

Published: Sept. 23, 2021

The worldwide battle against the SARS-CoV-2 virus rages on, with millions infected and many innocent lives lost. causative organism, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a beta that belongs to Coronaviridae family. Many clinically significant variants have emerged, as virus’s genome prone various mutations, leading antigenic drift resulting in evasion of host immune recognition. current concern (VOCs) include B.1.1.7 (Alpha), B.1.351 (Beta), B.1.617/B.1.617.2 (Delta), P.1 (Gamma). emerging contain important mutations on spike protein, deleterious consequences, such invasion vaccine escape. These adverse effects result increased transmissibility, morbidity, mortality detection by existing or currently available diagnostic tests, potentially delaying diagnosis treatment. This review discusses key present VOC strains provides insights into how these allow for greater transmissibility than progenitor strain. Continuous monitoring surveillance play vital role preventing controlling spread.

Language: Английский

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Phylogenetic and phylodynamic approaches to understanding and combating the early SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

Nature Reviews Genetics, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(9), P. 547 - 562

Published: April 22, 2022

Language: Английский

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