The 2022 yearbook of Neurorestoratology DOI Creative Commons
Hongyun Huang, John R. Bach,

Hari Shanker Sharma

et al.

Journal of Neurorestoratology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(2), P. 100054 - 100054

Published: April 27, 2023

There was much progress in the field of Neurorestoratology year 2022. It included highlighting advances understanding pathogenesis neurological diseases, neurorestorative mechanisms, and clinical treatments as compiled 2022 yearbook Neurorestoratology. is still controversy about whether amyloid β-protein tau protein deposition are reasons for or results Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. The fabricated images important key articles that speculated on AD were found. Cholinergic deficiency decrease loss strength glutamatergic synapse, limited failing bidirectional cholinergic upregulation early cognitive impairment, progressive posterior-to-anterior cortical denervation could result appearance AD. Exploration mechanisms found more detail ways neuromodulation, immunomodulation, neurogenesis, neural network circuitry reconstruction, neuroprotection, nervous structural repair, neuroplasticity. Several kinds cell therapies diseases showed effects open-label and/or non-randomized studies trials. However, mesenchymal stromal cells mononuclear did not demonstrate improve quality life patients with neurodegenerative neurotrauma including stroke, spinal cord injury (SCI), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials (RDPCTs). Clinical through neurostimulation/neuromodulation brain–computer/machine interface yielded positive AD, Parkinson's disease, SCI, cerebral palsy, other RDPCTs. Neurorestorative surgery, pharmaceutical therapy interventions have demonstrated various considered incurable Thus, this year, additional guidelines, assessment scales, standards set up revised. These guidelines brain trauma (2022 China version), neurorestoration (IANR/CANR 2022), SCI dysfunction rating scale (SCIDQLRS) (IANR version). varying therapeutic strategies higher evidence-based medicine now benefiting currently diseases. Hopefully some them may become routine these near future.

Language: Английский

Spinal cord injury: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic interventions DOI Creative Commons
Xiao Hu, Wei Xu, Yilong Ren

et al.

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: June 26, 2023

Abstract Spinal cord injury (SCI) remains a severe condition with an extremely high disability rate. The challenges of SCI repair include its complex pathological mechanisms and the difficulties neural regeneration in central nervous system. In past few decades, researchers have attempted to completely elucidate mechanism identify effective strategies promote axon circuit remodeling, but results not been ideal. Recently, new SCI, especially interactions between immune cell responses, revealed by single-cell sequencing spatial transcriptome analysis. With development bioactive materials stem cells, more attention has focused on forming intermediate networks reconstruction than promoting axonal corticospinal tract. Furthermore, technologies control physical parameters such as electricity, magnetism ultrasound constantly innovated applied fate regulation. Among these advanced novel technologies, therapy, biomaterial transplantation, electromagnetic stimulation entered into stage clinical trials, some them already treatment. this review, we outline overall epidemiology pathophysiology expound latest research progress related detail, propose future directions for applications.

Language: Английский

Citations

288
Walking naturally after spinal cord injury using a brain–spine interface DOI Creative Commons
Henri Lorach, Andrea Gálvez,

Valeria Spagnolo

et al.

Nature, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 618(7963), P. 126 - 133

Published: May 24, 2023

A spinal cord injury interrupts the communication between brain and region of that produces walking, leading to paralysis1,2. Here, we restored this with a digital bridge enabled an individual chronic tetraplegia stand walk naturally in community settings. This brain-spine interface (BSI) consists fully implanted recording stimulation systems establish direct link cortical signals3 analogue modulation epidural electrical targeting regions involved production walking4-6. highly reliable BSI is calibrated within few minutes. reliability has remained stable over one year, including during independent use at home. The participant reports enables natural control movements his legs stand, walk, climb stairs even traverse complex terrains. Moreover, neurorehabilitation supported by improved neurological recovery. regained ability crutches overground when was switched off. establishes framework restore movement after paralysis.

Language: Английский

Citations

281
The neurons that restore walking after paralysis DOI Creative Commons
Claudia Kathe, Michael A. Skinnider, Thomas H. Hutson

et al.

Nature, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 611(7936), P. 540 - 547

Published: Nov. 9, 2022

Abstract A spinal cord injury interrupts pathways from the brain and brainstem that project to lumbar cord, leading paralysis. Here we show spatiotemporal epidural electrical stimulation (EES) of 1–3 applied during neurorehabilitation 4,5 (EES REHAB ) restored walking in nine individuals with chronic injury. This recovery involved a reduction neuronal activity humans walking. We hypothesized this unexpected reflects activity-dependent selection specific subpopulations become essential for patient walk after To identify these putative neurons, modelled technological therapeutic features underlying EES mice. single-nucleus RNA sequencing 6–9 spatial transcriptomics 10,11 cords mice chart spatially resolved molecular atlas then employed cell type 12,13 prioritization neurons single population excitatory interneurons nested within intermediate laminae emerged. Although are not required before injury, demonstrate they following Augmenting phenocopied enabled by , whereas ablating them prevented occurs spontaneously moderate thus identified recovery-organizing subpopulation is necessary sufficient regain Moreover, our methodology establishes framework using cartography produce complex behaviours.

Language: Английский

Citations

177
ThePI3K/AKTsignalling pathway in inflammation, cell death and glial scar formation after traumatic spinal cord injury: Mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities DOI Creative Commons
Xuegang He, Ying Li, Bo Deng

et al.

Cell Proliferation, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 55(9)

Published: June 26, 2022

Abstract Objects Traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) causes neurological dysfunction below the injured segment of cord, which significantly impacts quality life in affected patients. The phosphoinositide 3kinase/serine‐threonine kinase (PI3K/AKT) signaling pathway offers a potential therapeutic target for inhibition secondary TSCI. This review summarizes updates concerning role PI3K/AKT Materials and Methods By searching articles related to TSCI field pathway, we summarized mechanisms pathway; also discuss current future treatment methods based on pathway. Results Early apoptosis autophagy after protect body against injury; prolonged inflammatory response leads accumulation pro‐inflammatory factors excessive apoptosis, as well surrounding normal nerve cells, thus aggravating subacute stage injury. Initial glial scar formation phase is protective mechanism TSCI, limits spread damage inflammation. However, mature tissue chronic hinders axon regeneration prevents recovery function. Activation can inhibit TSCI; inhibiting this reduce scar. Conclusion has an important function Inducing activation may be one strategies

Language: Английский

Citations

160
Epidural stimulation of the cervical spinal cord for post-stroke upper-limb paresis DOI
Marc Powell, Nikhil Verma, Erynn Sorensen

et al.

Nature Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 29(3), P. 689 - 699

Published: Feb. 20, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

107
Recent progress and challenges in the treatment of spinal cord injury DOI Creative Commons
Ting Tian, Sensen Zhang, Maojun Yang

et al.

Protein & Cell, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(9), P. 635 - 652

Published: Feb. 10, 2023

Abstract Spinal cord injury (SCI) disrupts the structural and functional connectivity between higher center spinal cord, resulting in severe motor, sensory, autonomic dysfunction with a variety of complications. The pathophysiology SCI is complicated multifaceted, thus individual treatments acting on specific aspect or process are inadequate to elicit neuronal regeneration recovery after SCI. Combinatory strategies targeting multiple aspects pathology have achieved greater beneficial effects than therapy alone. Although many problems challenges remain, encouraging outcomes that been preclinical models offer promising foothold for development novel clinical treat In this review, we characterize mechanisms underlying axon adult neurons summarize recent advances facilitating following at both acute chronic stages. addition, analyze current status, remaining problems, realistic towards translation. Finally, consider future treatment provide insights into how narrow translational gap currently exists studies practice. Going forward, trials should emphasize multidisciplinary conversation cooperation identify optimal combinatorial approaches maximize therapeutic benefit humans

Language: Английский

Citations

57
Neuroprosthetics: from sensorimotor to cognitive disorders DOI Creative Commons
Ankur Gupta, Nikolaos Vardalakis, Fabien B. Wagner

et al.

Communications Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 6(1)

Published: Jan. 6, 2023

Abstract Neuroprosthetics is a multidisciplinary field at the interface between neurosciences and biomedical engineering, which aims replacing or modulating parts of nervous system that get disrupted in neurological disorders after injury. Although neuroprostheses have steadily evolved over past 60 years sensory motor disorders, their application to higher-order cognitive functions still relatively preliminary stage. Nevertheless, recent series proof-of-concept studies suggest electrical neuromodulation strategies might also be useful alleviating some memory deficits, particular context dementia. Here, we review evolution neuroprosthetics from sensorimotor highlighting important common principles such as need for neuroprosthetic systems enable multisite bidirectional interactions with system.

Language: Английский

Citations

49
A spinal cord neuroprosthesis for locomotor deficits due to Parkinson’s disease DOI
Tomislav Milekovic, Eduardo Martin Moraud, Nicolo Macellari

et al.

Nature Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 29(11), P. 2854 - 2865

Published: Nov. 1, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

46
Non-invasive spinal cord electrical stimulation for arm and hand function in chronic tetraplegia: a safety and efficacy trial DOI Creative Commons
Chet T. Moritz, Edelle C. Field‐Fote, Candace Tefertiller

et al.

Nature Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 30(5), P. 1276 - 1283

Published: May 1, 2024

Abstract Cervical spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to permanent impairment of arm and hand functions. Here we conducted a prospective, single-arm, multicenter, open-label, non-significant risk trial that evaluated the safety efficacy ARC EX Therapy improve functions in people with chronic SCI. involves delivery externally applied electrical stimulation over cervical during structured rehabilitation. The primary endpoints were as measured by whether majority participants exhibited significant improvement both strength functional performance response compared end an equivalent period rehabilitation alone. Sixty completed protocol. No serious adverse events related reported, effectiveness endpoint was met. Seventy-two percent demonstrated improvements greater than minimally important difference criteria for domains. Secondary analysis revealed fingertip pinch force, prehension strength, upper extremity motor sensory abilities self-reported increases quality life. These results demonstrate living ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04697472 .

Language: Английский

Citations

41
Single-cell and spatial atlases of spinal cord injury in the Tabulae Paralytica DOI
Michael A. Skinnider, Matthieu Gautier, Yue Yang Teo

et al.

Nature, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 631(8019), P. 150 - 163

Published: June 19, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

26