Transthalamic Pathways for Cortical Function DOI
S. Murray Sherman, W. Martin Usrey

Journal of Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 44(35), P. e0909242024 - e0909242024

Published: Aug. 28, 2024

The cerebral cortex contains multiple, distinct areas that individually perform specific computations. A particular strength of the is communication signals between cortical allows outputs these compartmentalized computations to influence and build on each other, thereby dramatically increasing processing power its role in sensation, action, cognition. Determining how communicates individual is, therefore, critical for understanding function. Historically, corticocortical was thought occur exclusively by direct anatomical connections often sequentially linked a hierarchical fashion. More recently, anatomical, physiological, behavioral evidence accumulating indicating higher-order thalamus communication. Specifically, transthalamic pathway involves projections from one area neurons that, turn, project another cortex. Here, we consider implications having two routes with an emphasis unique available consequences disorders diseases affect

Language: Английский

How deep is the brain? The shallow brain hypothesis DOI
Mototaka Suzuki, Cyriel M. A. Pennartz, Jaan Aru

et al.

Nature reviews. Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(12), P. 778 - 791

Published: Oct. 27, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

41
Rapid fluctuations in functional connectivity of cortical networks encode spontaneous behavior DOI
Hadas Benisty, Daniel Barson,

Andrew H. Moberly

et al.

Nature Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 27(1), P. 148 - 158

Published: Nov. 30, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

36
Psilocybin’s lasting action requires pyramidal cell types and 5-HT2A receptors DOI

Ling-Xiao Shao,

Clara Liao, Pasha A. Davoudian

et al.

Nature, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 2, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Cortical-subcortical interactions in goal-directed behavior DOI
K. Guadalupe Cruz,

Yi Ning Leow,

Nhat Minh Le

et al.

Physiological Reviews, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 103(1), P. 347 - 389

Published: June 30, 2022

Flexibly selecting appropriate actions in response to complex, ever-changing environments requires both cortical and subcortical regions, which are typically described as participating a strict hierarchy. In this traditional view, highly specialized circuits allow for efficient responses salient stimuli, at the cost of adaptability context specificity, attributed neocortex. Their interactions often cortex providing top-down command signals structures implement; however, available technologies develop, studies increasingly demonstrate that behavior is represented by brainwide activity even contain early choice, suggesting behavioral functions emerge result different regions interacting truly collaborative networks. review, we discuss field’s evolving understanding how placental mammals interact cooperatively, not only via cortical-subcortical inputs but through bottom-up interactions, especially thalamus. We describe our current circuitry two exemplar structures, superior colliculus striatum, identify information prioritized regions. then functional these form with one another, thalamus, create parallel loops complex networks flow. Finally, challenge classic view modules contained within specific brain regions; instead, propose certain prioritize types over others, subnetworks they form, defined their anatomical connections dynamics, basis true specialization.

Language: Английский

Citations

32
Neocortical layer 5 subclasses: From cellular properties to roles in behavior DOI Creative Commons

Sara Moberg,

Naoya Takahashi

Frontiers in Synaptic Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Oct. 28, 2022

Layer 5 (L5) serves as the main output layer of cortical structures, where long-range projecting pyramidal neurons broadcast columnar to other and extracortical regions brain. L5 are grouped into two subclasses based on their projection targets; while intratelencephalic (IT) project areas striatum, extratelencephalic (ET) subcortical such thalamus, midbrain, brainstem. Each subclass possesses distinct morphological electrophysiological properties is incorporated a unique synaptic network. Thanks recent advances in genetic tools methodologies, it has now become possible distinguish between living There increasing evidence indicating that each plays role sensory processing, decision-making, learning. This review first summarizes anatomical physiological well neuromodulation IT ET rodent neocortex, then reviews literature roles processing behavior. Our ultimate goal provide comprehensive understanding function by examining operational regimes cellular properties.

Language: Английский

Citations

21
Enigma of Pyramidal Neurons: Chirality-Centric View on Biological Evolution. Congruence to Molecular, Cellular, Physiological, Cognitive, and Psychological Functions DOI Open Access

Victor V. Dyakin,

Nika Viktorovna Dyakina-Fagnano

Symmetry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(3), P. 355 - 355

Published: March 15, 2024

The mechanism of brain information processing unfolds within spatial and temporal domains inherently linked to the concept space–time symmetry. Biological evolution, beginning with prevalent molecular chirality, results in handedness human cognitive psychological functions (the phenomena known as biochirality). key element chain chirality transfer from downstream upstream processes is pyramidal neuron (PyrN) morphology–function paradigm (archetype). most apparent landmark PyrNs geometry cell soma. However, “why/how PyrN’s soma gains shape quasi-tetrahedral symmetry” has never been explicitly articulated. Resolving above inquiry only possible based on broad-view assumption that encoding 3D space requires specific neuronal detector corresponding network. Accordingly, our hypothesis states if primary function PyrNs, at organism level, sensory symmetry perception, then best evolutionary-selected support sensory-motor coupling. biological system’s non-equilibrium (NE) state fundamentally an asymmetric, non-racemic, steady constituents. chiral theory conceptually agrees living systems have evolved exchange energy environment. involved developing studied detail. crucial missing element—the reference fundamental link between navigation—is main obstacle resolving question demand: why did PyrNs’ gain symmetry?

Language: Английский

Citations

4
The mouse motor system contains multiple premotor areas and partially follows human organizational principles DOI Creative Commons
Alberto Lazari, Mohamed Tachrount,

Juan Miguel Valverde

et al.

Cell Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 43(5), P. 114191 - 114191

Published: May 1, 2024

While humans are known to have several premotor cortical areas, secondary motor cortex (M2) is often considered be the only higher-order area of mouse brain and thought combine properties various human cortices. Here, we show that axonal tracer, functional connectivity, myelin mapping, gene expression, optogenetics data contradict this notion. Our analyses reveal three areas in mouse, anterior-lateral (ALM), M2 (aM2), posterior-medial (pM2), with distinct structural, functional, behavioral properties. By using same techniques across mice humans, ALM has strikingly similar microstructural anterior ventral aM2 pM2 amalgamate pre-SMA cingulate cortex. These results provide evidence for existence multiple chart a comparative map between systems mice.

Language: Английский

Citations

4
The Impact of Optical Undersampling on the Ca2+ Signal Resolution in Ca2+ Imaging of Spontaneous Neuronal Activity DOI Creative Commons
Katarina Miličević, Violetta O. Ivanova,

Thomas J. Brazil

et al.

Journal of Integrative Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 24(1)

Published: Jan. 21, 2025

Background: In neuroscience, Ca2+ imaging is a prevalent technique used to infer neuronal electrical activity, often relying on optical signals recorded at low sampling rates (3 30 Hz) across multiple neurons simultaneously. This study investigated whether increasing the rate preserves critical information that may be missed slower acquisition speeds. Methods: Primary cultures were prepared from cortex of newborn pups. Neurons loaded with Oregon Green BAPTA-1 AM (OGB1-AM) fluorescent indicator. Spontaneous activity was (14 and high (500 rates, same (n = 269) analyzed under both conditions. We compared signal amplitude, duration, frequency. Results: Although recurring transients appeared visually similar 14 Hz 500 Hz, quantitative analysis revealed significantly faster rise times shorter durations (half-widths) higher rate. Small-amplitude transients, undetectable became evident particularly in neuropil (putative dendrites axons), but not nearby cell bodies. Large exhibited greater amplitudes temporal dynamics somas, potentially due surface-to-volume ratio dendrites. bulk-loaded OGB1-AM, nucleus-mediated distortions observed every neuron examined 57). Specifically, two regions interest (ROIs) different segments body displayed dye accumulation nucleus. Conclusions: Our findings reveal undersampling leads three types loss: (1) distortion for large-amplitude (2) failure detect small-amplitude bodies, (3) omission neuropil.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Cadherins orchestrate specific patterns of perisomatic inhibition onto distinct pyramidal cell populations DOI Creative Commons
Julie Jézéquel, Giuseppe Condomitti, Tim Kroon

et al.

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: May 14, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Distinct topographic organization and network activity patterns of corticocollicular neurons within layer 5 auditory cortex DOI Creative Commons

Tatjana T.X. Schmitt,

Kira M. A. Andrea,

Simon L. Wadle

et al.

Frontiers in Neural Circuits, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 17

Published: July 13, 2023

The auditory cortex (AC) modulates the activity of upstream pathways in brainstem via descending (corticofugal) projections. This feedback system plays an important role plasticity by shaping response properties neurons many subcortical nuclei. majority layer (L) 5 corticofugal project to inferior colliculus (IC). corticocollicular (CC) pathway is involved processing complex sounds, auditory-related learning, and defense behavior. Partly due their location deep cortical layers, CC neuron population patterns within neuronal AC ensembles remain poorly understood. We employed two-photon imaging record hundreds L5 anesthetized as well awake animals. are broader tuned than other pyramidal display weaker topographic order core subfields. Network analyses revealed stronger clusters compared non-CC neurons, which respond more reliable integrate information over larger distances. However, results obtained from secondary (A2) differed considerably. Here displayed similar or higher topography, depending on subset analyzed. Furthermore, specifically A2, formed sounds were spatially restricted neurons. Our findings indicate distinct network mechanism analyzing sound with pronounced subfield differences, demonstrating that topography sound-evoked responses neuron-type dependent.

Language: Английский

Citations

9