Investigators
conducting
behavioral
experiments
often
need
precise
control
over
the
timing
of
delivery
stimuli
to
subjects
and
collect
times
subsequent
responses.
Furthermore,
investigators
want
fine-tuned
how
various
multi-modal
cues
are
presented.
behaviorMate
takes
an
"Intranet
Things"
approach,
using
a
networked
system
hardware
software
components
for
achieving
these
goals.
The
outputs
file
with
integrated
timestamp-event
pairs
that
can
then
format
process
their
own
analysis
pipelines.
We
present
overview
electronic
GUI
application
make
up
as
well
mechanical
designs
compatible
experimental
rigs
provide
reader
ability
set
system.
A
wide
variety
paradigms
supported,
including
goal-oriented
learning,
random
foraging,
context
switching.
demonstrate
behaviorMate's
utility
reliability
range
use
cases
from
several
published
studies
benchmark
tests.
Finally,
we
validation
demonstrating
different
modalities
hippocampal
place
field
studies.
Both
treadmill
burlap
belt
virtual
reality
running
wheel
were
performed
confirm
efficacy
flexibility
approach.
Previous
solutions
rely
on
proprietary
systems
may
have
large
upfront
costs
or
frameworks
require
customized
be
developed.
uses
open-source
flexible
configuration
mitigate
both
concerns.
has
proven
record
head-fixed
imaging
could
easily
adopted
task
in
situations.
Nature Communications,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
15(1)
Published: Jan. 24, 2024
Abstract
The
hippocampus
is
the
brain’s
center
for
episodic
memories.
Its
subregions,
dentate
gyrus
and
CA1-3,
are
differentially
involved
in
memory
encoding
recall.
Hippocampal
principal
cells
represent
features
like
movement,
space,
context,
but
less
known
about
GABAergic
interneurons.
Here,
we
performed
two-photon
calcium
imaging
of
parvalbumin-
somatostatin-expressing
interneurons
CA1-3
male
mice
exploring
virtual
environments.
Parvalbumin-interneurons
increased
activity
with
running-speed
reduced
it
novel
Somatostatin-interneurons
behaved
similar
to
parvalbumin-expressing
cells,
their
counterparts
during
rest
Congruently,
chemogenetic
silencing
parvalbumin-interneurons
had
prominent
effects
familiar
contexts,
while
similarity
granule
cell
representations
between
Our
data
indicate
unique
roles
somatostatin-positive
that
distinct
from
those
may
support
routing
information.
Science,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
385(6710), P. 738 - 743
Published: Aug. 15, 2024
Memory
consolidation
involves
the
synchronous
reactivation
of
hippocampal
cells
active
during
recent
experience
in
sleep
sharp-wave
ripples
(SWRs).
How
this
increase
firing
rates
and
synchrony
after
learning
is
counterbalanced
to
preserve
network
stability
not
understood.
We
discovered
a
event
generated
by
an
intrahippocampal
circuit
formed
subset
CA2
pyramidal
cholecystokinin-expressing
(CCK+)
basket
cells,
which
fire
barrage
action
potentials
(“BARR”)
non–rapid
eye
movement
sleep.
CA1
neurons
assemblies
that
increased
their
activity
were
reactivated
SWRs
but
inhibited
BARRs.
The
initial
returned
baseline
through
This
trend
was
abolished
silencing
CCK+
BARRs,
resulting
higher
impaired
memory
consolidation.
BioFactors,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: May 22, 2024
Abstract
Cholecystokinin
(CCK)
plays
a
key
role
in
various
brain
functions,
including
both
health
and
disease
states.
Despite
the
extensive
research
conducted
on
CCK,
there
remain
several
important
questions
regarding
its
specific
brain.
As
result,
existing
body
of
literature
subject
is
complex
sometimes
conflicting.
The
primary
objective
this
review
article
to
provide
comprehensive
overview
recent
advancements
understanding
central
nervous
system
with
emphasis
elucidating
CCK's
mechanisms
for
neuroplasticity,
exploring
interactions
other
neurotransmitters,
discussing
significant
involvement
neurological
disorders.
Studies
demonstrate
that
CCK
mediates
inhibitory
long‐term
potentiation
(iLTP)
excitatory
(eLTP)
Activation
GPR173
receptor
could
facilitate
iLTP,
while
B
(CCKBR)
facilitates
eLTP.
receptors'
expression
different
neurons
regulates
activity,
neurotransmitter
release,
plasticity,
emphasizing
modulating
function.
Furthermore,
pivotal
emotional
states,
Alzheimer's
disease,
addiction,
schizophrenia,
epileptic
conditions.
Targeting
cell
types
circuits
holds
promise
as
therapeutic
strategy
alleviating
these
Investigators
conducting
behavioral
experiments
often
need
precise
control
over
the
timing
of
delivery
stimuli
to
subjects
and
collect
times
subsequent
responses.
Furthermore,
investigators
want
fine-tuned
how
various
multi-modal
cues
are
presented.
behaviorMate
takes
an
“Intranet
Things”
approach,
using
a
networked
system
hardware
software
components
for
achieving
these
goals.
The
outputs
file
with
integrated
timestamp-event
pairs
that
can
then
format
process
their
own
analysis
pipelines.
We
present
overview
electronic
GUI
application
make
up
as
well
mechanical
designs
compatible
experimental
rigs
provide
reader
ability
set
system.
A
wide
variety
paradigms
supported,
including
goal-oriented
learning,
random
foraging,
context
switching.
demonstrate
behaviorMate’s
utility
reliability
range
use
cases
from
several
published
studies
benchmark
tests.
Finally,
we
validation
demonstrating
different
modalities
hippocampal
place
field
studies.
Both
treadmill
burlap
belt
virtual
reality
running
wheel
were
performed
confirm
efficacy
flexibility
approach.
Previous
solutions
rely
on
proprietary
systems
may
have
large
upfront
costs
or
frameworks
require
customized
be
developed.
uses
open-source
flexible
configuration
mitigate
both
concerns.
has
proven
record
head-fixed
imaging
could
easily
adopted
task
in
situations.
Research Square (Research Square),
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Feb. 13, 2025
Diverse
sources
of
inhibition
serve
to
modulate
circuits
and
control
cell
assembly
spiking
across
various
timescales.
For
example,
in
hippocampus
area
CA1
the
competition
between
excitation
organizes
spike
timing
pyramidal
cells
(PYR)
network
events,
including
sharp
wave-ripples
(SPW-R).
Specific
cellular-synaptic
SPW-R
remain
unclear,
as
there
are
>
20
types
GABAergic
interneurons
CA1.
Axo-axonic
(AAC)
defined
by
their
synaptic
targeting
axon
initial
segment
cells,
potently
controlling
output.
The
impact
AAC
activity
on
is
controversial,
due
mainly
ambiguity
identification.
Here
we
monitored
manipulated
opto-tagged
AACs
behaving
mice
using
silicon
probe
recordings.
We
found
a
large
variability
neurons,
varying
from
enhanced
suppressed
during
SPW-Rs,
contrast
near-uniform
other
parvalbumin-expressing
interneurons.
received
convergent
monosynaptic
inputs
local
assemblies,
which
strongly
influenced
participation
SPW-Rs.
Optogenetic
silencing
increased
power
duration
recruiting
greater
number
PYR,
suggesting
dynamics.
hypothesize
that
lateral
reciprocal
PYR-AAC
interactions
thus
supports
organization
assemblies
SPW-R.
Investigators
conducting
behavioral
experiments
often
need
precise
control
over
the
timing
of
delivery
stimuli
to
subjects
and
collect
times
subsequent
responses.
Furthermore,
investigators
want
fine-tuned
how
various
multi-modal
cues
are
presented.
behaviorMate
takes
an
‘Intranet
Things’
approach,
using
a
networked
system
hardware
software
components
for
achieving
these
goals.
The
outputs
file
with
integrated
timestamp–event
pairs
that
can
then
format
process
their
own
analysis
pipelines.
We
present
overview
electronic
GUI
application
make
up
as
well
mechanical
designs
compatible
experimental
rigs
provide
reader
ability
set
system.
A
wide
variety
paradigms
supported,
including
goal-oriented
learning,
random
foraging,
context
switching.
demonstrate
behaviorMate’s
utility
reliability
range
use
cases
from
several
published
studies
benchmark
tests.
Finally,
we
validation
demonstrating
different
modalities
hippocampal
place
field
studies.
Both
treadmill
burlap
belt
virtual
reality
running
wheel
were
performed
confirm
efficacy
flexibility
approach.
Previous
solutions
rely
on
proprietary
systems
may
have
large
upfront
costs
or
frameworks
require
customized
be
developed.
uses
open-source
flexible
configuration
mitigate
both
concerns.
has
proven
record
head-fixed
imaging
could
easily
adopted
task
in
situations.
Nature,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: April 9, 2025
Goal-directed
navigation
in
a
new
environment
requires
quickly
identifying
and
exploiting
important
locations.
Identifying
goal
locations
depends
on
neural
computations
that
rapidly
represent
connect
location
information
to
key
outcomes
such
as
food1.
However,
the
mechanisms
trigger
these
at
behaviourally
relevant
are
not
well
understood.
Here
we
show
parvalbumin
(PV)-positive
interneurons
mouse
hippocampal
CA3
have
causal
role
food
decreases
inhibitory
activity
around
goals
enable
reactivation
bind
outcomes.
PV
substantially
reduce
firing
approach
while
food-deprived
mice
learn
find
food.
These
anticipate
reward
more
prominent
correct
trials.
Sparse
optogenetic
stimulation
prevent
goal-related
interneuron
impaired
learning
of
Disrupting
after
receipt
food,
process
associates
previous
know
where
seek
later.
results
reveal
goal-selective
goal-predictive
learning,
representations
outcome
associations
crucial
Annual Review of Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
47(1), P. 187 - 209
Published: April 25, 2024
The
hippocampus
is
critical
for
memory
and
spatial
navigation.
ability
to
map
novel
environments,
as
well
more
abstract
conceptual
relationships,
fundamental
the
cognitive
flexibility
that
humans
other
animals
require
survive
in
a
dynamic
world.
In
this
review,
we
survey
recent
advances
our
understanding
of
how
implemented
anatomically
functionally
by
hippocampal
circuitry,
during
both
active
exploration
(online)
rest
(offline).
We
discuss
advantages
limitations
spike
timing–dependent
plasticity
recently
discovered
behavioral
timescale
synaptic
supporting
distinct
learning
modes
hippocampus.
Finally,
suggest
complementary
roles
these
types
explaining
many-shot
single-shot
rules
could
work
together
support
maps.
Neuron,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
111(19), P. 3084 - 3101.e5
Published: Oct. 1, 2023
Heterozygous
mutations
in
the
dual-specificity
tyrosine
phosphorylation-regulated
kinase
1a
(Dyrk1a)
gene
define
a
syndromic
form
of
autism
spectrum
disorder.
The
synaptic
and
circuit
mechanisms
mediating
DYRK1A
functions
social
cognition
are
unclear.
Here,
we
identify
experience-sensitive
mechanism
hippocampal
mossy
fiber-parvalbumin
interneuron
(PV
IN)
synapses
by
which
recruits
feedforward
inhibition
CA3
CA2
to
promote
recognition.
We
employ
genetic
epistasis
logic
cytoskeletal
protein,
ABLIM3,
as
substrate
DYRK1A.
demonstrate
that
Ablim3
downregulation
dentate
granule
cells
adult
heterozygous
Dyrk1a
mice
is
sufficient
restore
PV
IN-mediated
Acute
chemogenetic
activation
INs
CA3/CA2
also
rescued
Together,
these
findings
illustrate
how
targeting
substrates
"enhancers
function"
harbors
potential
reverse
haploinsufficiency-associated
impairments.