Editorial: Function and regulation of non-neuronal cells in the nervous system

Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 19

Published: Feb. 7, 2025

Traditionally, the nervous system has been perceived primarily as a complex network predominantly composed of neurons. Nevertheless, ongoing developments in field neuroscience have brought to light significant contributions non-neuronal cells, highlighting their importance 1,2 . Getting profound insight into functional traits and mechanisms that govern them is essential for developing innovative approaches treating preventing neurological disorders.Recently, there progress investigation cells within system. The primary emphasis lies uncovering intricate interactions connect these neurons each other. As an illustration, recent studies neurovascular coupling begun elucidate relationship between brain activity modulation blood flow cerebral [3][4][5][6] Investigations neuroimmunology introduced novel insights critical roles immune play both inflammatory response progression neurodegenerative disorders 7,8 Investigating glial serves burgeoning area study, focusing on unraveling complexities communication exchange information among astrocytes, other neurons, along with influence neural operations 2,9,10 .Microglia, resident found system, act initial barrier against invasive pathogens role upholding balance environment 11 These part processes such elimination excess synapses throughout maturation are capable rapidly triggering protective when faced injury or pathological conditions [12][13][14] Astrocytes vital not only offering structural support but also expertly managing neurotransmitter absorption release 15,16 , meticulously maintaining ion equilibrium 17,18 influencing synaptic adaptability 19 Cells unit, including endothelial pericyte populations, stability integrity blood-brain while ensuring accurate suitable regulation perfusion 20,21 .In disorders, unnormal functioning commonly identified. In Alzheimer's Parkinson's diseases, involvement astrocytes become characteristic feature [22][23][24] Additionally, impairments link function vascular responses disruptions factors development numerous stroke multiple sclerosis [25][26][27] Consequently, thorough exploration functions disease anticipated yield perspectives strategic avenues identifying new therapeutic targets.This special issue provides examination important aspects regarding Non-neuronal (mainly cells) supporting, protecting, nourishing Their ability divide makes prone mutation malignant transformation. Most tumors central originate from cells. Ji et al reported discovery Gap Junction Protein, Gamma 1(GJC1) prognostic biomarker glioma 28 GJC1 located human chromosome 17 encodes gap junction gamma -1 protein (connexin 45, Cx45), which participates intercellular communication. expression Cx45 decreased colorectal cancer tumor-suppressive melanoma its gliomas remains unclear. study systematically investigated clinicopathological features, molecular subclasses, prognosis patterns. They analyzed biological markers associated tumor further performed drug correlation analysis. Moreover, all specific action obtained analysis were related cell cycle, supporting cell-cycle regulation.The review article Zhao comprehensively stated olfactory system's complexity pivotal health 29 This discussed diverse dynamics mammalian bulb, mainly focused microglia, oligodendrocytes, ensheathing radial glia Each type contributes uniquely bulb 's functionality, many neuronal survival defense axonal guidance. features health, potential applications neuroregeneration.Traumatic (TBI) global concern characterized by elevated rates morbidity mortality. physiological changes after TBI closely microglia. Microglia, brain, linked treatment TBI. Zhang published bibliometric visualization identify current research hotspots predict future 30 this authors mechanism ischemic two aspects: repair infiltration following post-TBI peripheral immunosuppression inflammation.Ischemic accounts 75% 80% events, making it leading cause cerebrovascular diseases deaths worldwide 31 Following stroke, crucial unit functions, regulating metabolic Wang al. systemically explored trends prospects immune-related therapy 32 .To summarize, currently experiencing growth. dedicated Research Topic intended significantly advancement establishing platform academic discussions demonstration achievements.

Language: Английский

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The Neonatal Microbiome: Implications for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Other Neurodegenerations

Brain Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(2), P. 195 - 195

Published: Feb. 14, 2025

Most brain development occurs in the "first 1000 days", a critical period from conception to child's second birthday. Critical processes that occur during this time include synaptogenesis, myelination, neural pruning, and formation of functioning neuronal circuits. Perturbations first days likely contribute later-life neurodegenerative disease, including sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Neurodevelopment is determined by many events, maturation colonization infant microbiome its metabolites, specifically neurotransmitters, immune modulators, vitamins, short-chain fatty acids. Successful gut-brain axis function depend on maternal factors (stress exposure toxins pregnancy), mode delivery, quality postnatal environment, diet after weaning breast milk, nutritional deficiencies. While neonatal highly plastic, it remains prone dysbiosis which, once established, may persist into adulthood, thereby inducing chronic inflammation abnormal excitatory/inhibitory balance, resulting excitation. Both are recognized as key pathophysiological ALS.

Language: Английский

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Extracellular matrix proteolysis maintains synapse plasticity during brain development

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 27, 2025

Maintaining a dynamic neuronal synapse pool is critical to brain development. The extracellular matrix (ECM) regulates synaptic plasticity via mechanisms that are still being defined and studied predominantly in adulthood. Using live imaging of excitatory synapses zebrafish hindbrain we observed bimodal distribution short-lived (dynamic) longer-lived (stable) synapses. Disruption ECM digestion or brevican deletion destabilized but not stable led decreased density. Conversely, loss metalloproteinase 14 (MMP14) accumulation increased the pool, resulting Microglial MMP14 was essential these effects both fish human iPSC-derived cultures. Both were required for experience-dependent motor learning assay. These data, complemented by mathematical modeling, define an role remodeling maintaining subset during

Language: Английский

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Polygenic enrichment analysis in multi-omics levels identifies cell/tissue specific associations with schizophrenia based on single-cell RNA sequencing data

Schizophrenia Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 277, P. 93 - 101

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Clec7a Signaling in Microglia Promotes Synapse Loss Associated with Tauopathy

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(7), P. 2888 - 2888

Published: March 22, 2025

Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis involves progressive synaptic degeneration, a process potentially driven by maladaptive microglial pruning activity. While loss is hallmark of AD, the molecular signals triggering pathological microglia-mediated engulfment remain elusive. Clec7a-a key marker disease-associated microglia (DAM)-is known to activate spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) signaling, enhancing Aβ phagocytosis and neuroprotective functions in 5×FAD models. However, its role regulating synapse-microglia interactions under tauopathic conditions remains undefined. Our analysis revealed activation Clec7a-SYK signaling axis hippocampus PS19 tauopathy mice, correlating with progression. Spatial mapping demonstrated significant co-localization Clec7a hippocampal microglia, suggesting cell-autonomous signaling. The pharmacological inhibition achieved multimodal therapeutic effects attenuating hyperreactivity, suppressing neuroinflammatory cytokine release, restoring physiological turnover. Mechanistically, we identified MD2 as "eat-me" signal on tauopathy-related synapses, recruiting Clec7a+ drive aberrant elimination mice. Strikingly, blockade rescued hippocampal-dependent memory deficits behavioral tests. These findings position context-dependent target, strategies showing particular promise for degeneration.

Language: Английский

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Flavonoids in the regulation of microglial-mediated neuroinflammation; focus on fisetin, rutin, and quercetin

Experimental Cell Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 114537 - 114537

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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