Fishing for oil and meat drives irreversible defaunation of deepwater sharks and rays

Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 383(6687), P. 1135 - 1141

Published: March 7, 2024

The deep ocean is the last natural biodiversity refuge from reach of human activities. Deepwater sharks and rays are among most sensitive marine vertebrates to overexploitation. One-third threatened deepwater targeted, half species targeted for international liver-oil trade with extinction. Steep population declines cannot be easily reversed owing long generation lengths, low recovery potentials, near absence management. Depth spatial limits fishing activity could improve conservation when implemented alongside catch regulations, bycatch mitigation, regulation. require immediate regulations prevent irreversible defaunation promote this megafauna group.

Language: Английский

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Conservation successes and challenges for wide-ranging sharks and rays

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 120(5)

Published: Jan. 23, 2023

Overfishing is the most significant threat facing sharks and rays. Given growth in consumption of seafood, combined with compounding effects habitat loss, climate change, pollution, there a need to identify recovery paths, particularly poorly managed monitored fisheries. Here, we document conservation through fisheries management success for 11 coastal US waters by comparing population trends Bayesian state-space model before after implementation 1993 Fisheries Management Plan Sharks. We took advantage spatial temporal gradients fishing exposure Western Atlantic analyze effect on Red List status all 26 wide-ranging show that extinction risk was greater where pressure higher, but this offset strength engagement (indicated National Regional Action rays). The regional Index (which tracks changes time) declined regions until 1980s then improved North Central such average currently half Southwest. Many rays are wide ranging, successful one country can be undone regulated or unregulated elsewhere. Our study underscores well-enforced, science-based carefully achieve success, even slow-growing species.

Language: Английский

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Maternal investment evolves with larger body size and higher diversification rate in sharks and rays

Current Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 34(12), P. 2773 - 2781.e3

Published: June 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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Metabolism, population growth, and the fast‐slow life history continuum of marine fishes

Fish and Fisheries, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(2), P. 349 - 361

Published: Jan. 11, 2024

Abstract The maximum intrinsic rate of population increase ( r max ) represents a population's capacity to replace itself and is central fisheries management conservation. Species with lower typically have slower life histories compared species faster higher . Here, we posit that metabolic related the fast–slow history continuum connection may be stronger for aerobic scope resting rate. Specifically, ask whether variation in or any its component life‐history traits – age‐at‐maturity, age, annual reproductive output explain rates across 84 shark teleost species, while accounting effects measurement temperature, body mass, ecological lifestyle, evolutionary history. Overall, find strong between fast‐slow continuum, such growth (higher generally broader scopes. more important explaining rate, which best explained by age‐at‐maturity (out examined). In conclusion, teleosts sharks share common physiology/life at end end, yet considerable overlap. Our work improves our understanding diversity fish ultimately improve sensitivity overfishing.

Language: Английский

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Current methods and best practice recommendations for skate and ray (Batoidea) research: capture, handling, anaesthesia, euthanasia, and tag attachment

Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 28, 2025

Language: Английский

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Sharkipedia: a curated open access database of shark and ray life history traits and abundance time-series

Scientific Data, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: Sept. 10, 2022

A curated database of shark and ray biological data is increasingly necessary both to support fisheries management conservation efforts, test the generality hypotheses vertebrate macroecology macroevolution. Sharks rays are one most charismatic, evolutionary distinct, threatened lineages vertebrates, comprising around 1,250 species. To accelerate science, we developed Sharkipedia as a open-source research initiative make all published traits population trends accessible everyone. hosts information on 58 life history from 274 sources, for 170 species, 39 families, 12 orders related length (n = 9 traits), age (8), growth (12), reproduction (19), demography (5), allometric relationships well 871 time-series 202 relies backbone taxonomy IUCN Red List bibliography Shark-References. has profound potential rapidly growing demands management, international trade regulation anchoring

Language: Английский

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Tropical rays are intrinsically more sensitive to overfishing than the temperate skates

Biological Conservation, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 281, P. 110003 - 110003

Published: March 29, 2023

Overfishing, habitat loss, and climate change are driving population declines in many species. Understanding a species' capacity to recover from these other threats is necessary for prioritising management. The maximum intrinsic rate of increase (rmax) can be used compare which species or groups particularly sensitive ongoing threats. To investigate global patterns sensitivity rays skates (superorder Batoidea), we calculated rmax 85 using modified Euler-Lotka model that accounts survival maturity. We examined how varies with body mass, temperature, depth an information-theoretic approach through selection, accounting phylogenetic non-independence. Although observed overall positive relationship between found warm, shallow-water were more intrinsically exploitation (lower rmax) than cold, deep-water (higher rmax). hypothesise this pattern likely driven by their different reproductive strategies as live-bearing have fewer offspring compared egg-laying skates, caution future research should focus on understanding differences the mortality schedule juveniles sub-adults understand if maturity comparable. Our findings highlight high vulnerability ray overexploitation due low growth rates. These conservation implications our geographic extinction risk, suggesting tropical sensitive.

Language: Английский

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Evolution of reproductive modes in sharks and rays

Journal of Evolutionary Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 36(11), P. 1630 - 1640

Published: Oct. 27, 2023

The ecological and life history drivers of the diversification reproductive modes in early vertebrates are not fully understood. Sharks, rays chimaeras (group Chondrichthyes) have an unusually diverse variety thus ideal group to test factors driving evolution complexity. Here, using 960 species representing all major Chondrichthyes taxa, we reconstruct their reproduction investigate predictors reproduction. We show that ancestral state was egg-laying find multiple independent transitions between live-bearing via intermediate yolk-only live-bearing. Using phylogenetically informed analysis, also larger body size offspring than species. In addition, distributed over shallow depths, while egg-layers typically found deeper waters. This suggests is more closely associated with pelagic, rather demersal habitats. Taken together, a basal vertebrate as model, demonstrat how mode co-evolves environmental conditions life-history traits.

Language: Английский

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TrackdAT, an acoustic telemetry metadata dataset to support aquatic animal tracking research

Scientific Data, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: Jan. 30, 2024

Abstract Data on the movement and space use of aquatic animals are crucial to understand complex interactions among biotic abiotic components ecosystems facilitate effective conservation management. Acoustic telemetry (AT) is a leading method for studying ecology worldwide, yet ability efficiently access study information from AT research currently lacking, limiting advancements in its application. Here, we describe TrackdAT, an open-source metadata dataset where parameters catalogued provide scientists, managers, other stakeholders with identify evaluate existing peer-reviewed research. Extracted encompasses key about biological technical aspects research, providing comprehensive summary TrackdAT hosts 2,412 journal articles published 1969 2022 spanning 614 species 380,289 tagged animals. has potential enable regional global mobilization knowledge, increased opportunities collaboration, greater stakeholder engagement, optimization future ecological

Language: Английский

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Ecological erosion and expanding extinction risk of sharks and rays

Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 386(6726)

Published: Dec. 5, 2024

The true state of ocean biodiversity is difficult to assess, and there are few global indicators track the primary threat overfishing. We calculated a 50-year Red List Index extinction risk ecological function for 1199 sharks rays found that since 1970, overfishing has halved their populations worsened by 19%. Overfishing largest species in nearshore pelagic habitats risks loss ecomorphotypes 5 22% erosion functional diversity. Extinction higher countries with large human coastal but lower nations stronger governance, larger economies, greater beneficial fisheries subsidies. Restricting fishing (including incidental catch) trade sustainable levels combined prohibiting retention highly threatened can avert further depletion, widespread population connectivity, top-down predator control.

Language: Английский

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