Individual variation in tolerance of human activity by urban Dark-eyed Juncos (Junco hyemalis) DOI

Hayley M. Stansell,

Daniel T. Blumstein, Pamela J. Yeh

et al.

The Wilson Journal of Ornithology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 134(1)

Published: April 27, 2022

An important goal of urban ecology is determining what differentiates urban-tolerant populations birds from their non-urban ancestors and urban-intolerant species. One key to success may be reacting appropriately human activity, the degree which view humans as threats can quantified by escape behavior. Understanding individual-level plasticity, however, requires tracking known individuals. We compared flight-initiation distances (FID) fled (DF) approaches a between an population individually marked Dark-eyed Juncos (Junco hyemalis) in Southern California. The more tolerant people evidenced attenuated FIDs DFs relative birds. Although individual either habituated or sensitized repeated approaches, there was no significant pattern at level. Overall, behavioral patterns exhibited this juncos supportive situ evolution tolerance than being biased sample ancestral intrinsic plasticity that produces uniform adjustment life.

Language: Английский

Contagious fear: Escape behavior increases with flock size in European gregarious birds DOI Creative Commons
Federico Morelli, Yanina Benedetti, Mario Dı́az

et al.

Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 9(10), P. 6096 - 6104

Published: April 26, 2019

Flight initiation distance (FID), the at which individuals take flight when approached by a potential (human) predator, is tool for understanding predator-prey interactions. Among factors affecting FID, tests of effects group size (i.e., number prey) on FID have yielded contrasting results. Group or flock could either affect negatively dilution effect caused presence many individuals) positively increased vigilance due to more eyes scanning predators). These may be associated with gregarious species, because such species should better adapted exploiting information from other in than nongregarious species. Sociality explain why earlier findings versus different conclusions. Here, we analyzed how affected bird eight European countries. A phylogenetic generalized least square regression model was used investigate changes escape behavior relation flock, starting distance, diet, latitude, and type habitat. Flock influenced responded perceived threats. We found that birds reacted predator (longer FID) aggregated large flocks. results support higher arising birds, suggesting sociality key factor evolution antipredator both urban rural areas. Finally, future studies comparing must pay explicit attention flocks

Language: Английский

Citations

78
A meta-analysis of the relationship between flock size and flight initiation distance in birds DOI
Ling‐Ying Shuai, Federico Morelli, Peter Mikula

et al.

Animal Behaviour, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 210, P. 1 - 9

Published: Feb. 6, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

10
Flight initiation distance and refuge in urban birds DOI
Federico Morelli, Peter Mikula, Daniel T. Blumstein

et al.

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 842, P. 156939 - 156939

Published: June 23, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

33
Bird tolerance to humans in open tropical ecosystems DOI Creative Commons
Peter Mikula, Oldřich Tomášek, Dušan Romportl

et al.

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: April 20, 2023

Abstract Animal tolerance towards humans can be a key factor facilitating wildlife–human coexistence, yet traits predicting its direction and magnitude across tropical animals are poorly known. Using 10,249 observations for 842 bird species inhabiting open ecosystems in Africa, South America, Australia, we find that avian was lower (i.e., escape distance longer) rural rather than urban populations exposed to human disturbance (measured as footprint index). In addition, larger with clutches enhanced flight ability less tolerant approaches distances increase when birds were approached during the wet season compared dry from longer starting distances. Identification of factors affecting animal large spatial taxonomic scales may help us better understand predict patterns distributions Anthropocene.

Language: Английский

Citations

21
Disentangling the “many-eyes”, “dilution effect”, “selfish herd”, and “distracted prey” hypotheses in shaping alert and flight initiation distance in a colonial seabird DOI Creative Commons
Tracey L. Hammer, Pierre Bize, Benoît Gineste

et al.

Behavioural Processes, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 210, P. 104919 - 104919

Published: July 20, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

12
The emergence of tolerance of human disturbance in Neotropical birds DOI
Piotr Tryjanowski, Jakub Z. Kosicki, Martin Hromada

et al.

Journal of Tropical Ecology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 36(1), P. 1 - 5

Published: Oct. 8, 2019

Abstract Animals living close to human settlements more often experience disturbance, but also reduced predation risk. Because an escape response is costly, behavioural adjustments of animals in terms increased tolerance humans occurs and reported the literature. However, most such studies have been conducted around long-existing cities Europe North America, on well-established animal populations. Here, we investigate degree disturbance across 132 bird species occurring disturbed (small farms) undisturbed (intact wetlands grasslands) areas Pantanal, Mato Grosso (Brazil), a region with only very recent history human-induced disturbance. We found clear across-species trend toward higher birds near farms when compared wild areas. Such flexible perhaps rapid emergence facing small-scale presumably involves learning might be attributed plasticity. The ability modify their may play key role facilitation wildlife–human coexistence.

Language: Английский

Citations

30
Risk Assessment During Nest Defense Against Three Simulated Predators by Female Northern House Wrens (Troglodytes aedon) DOI Creative Commons

Ross C. Eggleston,

Josephina H. Fornara,

Kyle M. Davis

et al.

Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(2)

Published: Jan. 31, 2025

Offspring predation is one of the greatest obstacles to an organism's reproductive success, but parents vary in strength their response potential predators. One explanation for this variable investment that defending current offspring has lower future success if predator also capable injuring or killing parent. Northern house wrens (Troglodytes aedon) are cavity-nesting songbirds defend against multiple species nest predators including small mammals, birds prey, and snakes. Here, we used three different decoys: two predators-an eastern chipmunk (Tamias striatus) ratsnake (Pantherophis alleghaniensis)-as well as a both adults-a juvenile Cooper's hawk (Accipiter cooperi)-to elicit defense test whether females use risk assessment modulate antipredator behavior. We found behaviors were not significantly between predators, which posed high nestlings, parents, neither frequently captures adult outside box. However, female never dove at attacked hawk, while they snake decoys. Neighboring from adjacent territories less likely respond more heterospecifics mobbed than decoy. Collectively, these results show varies substantially within among species. Female exhibit plasticity behavior, types way could maximize lifetime fitness risking loss offspring.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Life history stage effects on alert and flight initiation distances in king penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus) DOI Creative Commons
Tracey L. Hammer, Pierre Bize, Benoît Gineste

et al.

Behavioural Processes, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 105166 - 105166

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Understanding antipredator strategies of insects: Human presence and escape behaviour in Odonata DOI Open Access
Peter Mikula, Paweł Czechowski, Alicja Dubicka‐Czechowska

et al.

Ecological Entomology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 18, 2025

Abstract Insects, like many organisms, face widespread human‐driven habitat transformations which are major threats to biodiversity. However, at the same time, transformed areas including cities increasingly being colonised by wildlife, sometimes serving as important refuges for vulnerable species. Most studies on traits that enable insects thrive in urban environments have focused morphology, physiology, and feeding or reproductive strategies, often overlooking behavioural traits, despite evidence from vertebrates showing tolerance towards humans is key wildlife successfully colonise cities. In this study, we tested effects of urbanisation, along with a range life‐history, environmental contextual humans—measured flight initiation distance—in 14 Odonata (dragonflies damselflies) species western Poland. We found escape distances were moderately repeatable within Urbanisation had generally weak effect behaviour; however, odonates delayed their sites high human presence. also tended increase observer’ starting distance species‐specific body size decrease perch height. Additionally, male more likely earlier than females. These results suggest can sense levels anthropogenic disturbance adjust behaviour accordingly. Furthermore, our findings indicate some basic patterns principles commonly reported vertebrates, such ability tolerate presence mass, may apply invertebrates. This implications understanding ecology evolution antipredator strategies conservation.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
The T-DBSCAN Algorithm for Stopover Site Identification of Migration Birds Based on Satellite Positioning Data DOI Creative Commons
X. H. He, Xiaoyu Liu, Jiajia Liu

et al.

Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(3), P. 277 - 277

Published: March 7, 2025

With the acceleration of social development and urbanization, birds’ natural habitats have been greatly disturbed threatened. Satellite tracking technology can collect much bird activity data, providing important data support for habitat protection research. However, satellite are usually characterized by discontinuity, extensive periods, inconsistent frequency, which challenges cluster analysis. Habitat research frequently employs clustering techniques, but conventional algorithms struggle to adjust these features, particularly when it comes time dimension changes irregular sampling. T-DBSCAN, an enhanced algorithm, is suggested accommodate this intricate need. T-DBSCAN improved based on traditional DBSCAN combines a quadtree structure optimize efficiency spatial partitioning introduces convex hull algorithmic strategy perform boundary identification processing, thus improving accuracy algorithm. made account efficiently uniformity sampling in dimension. Tests demonstrate that algorithm outperforms processing techniques. It also manage large amounts discontinuous making dependable tool studying habitats.

Language: Английский

Citations

0