A new sample preparation approach for the analysis of 98 current-use pesticides in soil and herbaceous vegetation using HPLC-MS/MS in combination with an acetonitrile-based extraction

Chemosphere, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 331, P. 138840 - 138840

Published: May 4, 2023

Language: Английский

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Distribution of pesticides in agroecosystem food webs differ among trophic groups and between annual and perennial crops

Agronomy for Sustainable Development, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 44(1)

Published: Feb. 1, 2024

Abstract Pesticides threaten biodiversity, but we know little about how they permeate food webs. Few studies have investigated the number, concentration, and composition of pesticides in agroecosystem webs even though agroecosystems cover one-third Earth’s land area. We conducted a pioneering study on distribution across local (i.e., farm) meta regional pool webs) within both perennial ( N = 8) annual crops 11), examining four trophic groups—soil (primary resource), plants producers), rodents (herbivores), spiders (predators)—for presence multiple residues, comparing these findings to applied by farmers recent years. also undertook interviews with obtain most precise information pesticide applications their fields. detected wide spectrum crop types. represented only small proportion all pesticides, indicating that entered from surrounding landscapes. Some had been banned European Union several years ago, which is highly alarming. Trophic group mobility type drove number at scale, as mobile groups contained larger numbers (probably encountering wider spectra pesticides). At highest lowest diversity crops. This might be explained spiders’ functional traits are selected different Insecticides fungicides concentrations mostly increased level, bioaccumulation. Herbicides concentration were suggesting (bio)degradation. As bioaccumulation outweighed (bio)degradation, overall level. Therefore, was affected simultaneously mechanisms depended upon group, type, and, probably, landscape.

Language: Английский

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Alpine butterflies want to fly high: Species and communities shift upwards faster than their host plants

Ecology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 104(1)

Published: Aug. 13, 2022

Despite sometimes strong codependencies of insect herbivores and plants, the responses individual taxa to accelerating climate change are typically studied in isolation. For this reason, biotic interactions that potentially limit species tracking their preferred climatic niches ignored. Here, we chose butterflies as a prominent representative herbivorous insects investigate impacts temperature changes larval host plant distributions along 1.4-km elevational gradient German Alps. Following sampling protocol 2009, revisited 33 grassland plots 2019 over an entire growing season. We quantified butterfly abundance richness by repeated transect walks on each plot disentangled direct indirect effects locally assessed temperature, site management, adult food resource availability these patterns. Additionally, determined range shifts plants at both community level. Comparing two sampled years (2009 2019), found severe decline clear upward shift gradient. detected peak richness, composition, level, whereby mountainous shifted particularly strongly. In contrast, showed barely any change, neither connection with nor shifts. Further, were main drivers best explaining time. concluded not yet hindering communities from shifting upwards. However, mismatch between might become problem for very close plant-herbivore relationship, especially toward higher elevations, if fail adapt new plants. our results support value conserving traditional extensive pasture use promoter and, hence, richness.

Language: Английский

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Do pesticide and pathogen interactions drive wild bee declines?

International Journal for Parasitology Parasites and Wildlife, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 18, P. 232 - 243

Published: June 13, 2022

There is clear evidence for wild insect declines globally. Habitat loss, climate change, pests, pathogens and environmental pollution have all been shown to cause detrimental effects on insects. However, interactive between these stressors may be the key understanding reported declines. Here, we review literature pesticide pathogen interactions bees, identify knowledge gaps, suggest avenues future research fostering mitigation of observed The limited studies available that pesticides most likely override pathogens. Bees feeding flowers building sheltered nests, are less adapted toxins compared other insects, which potential susceptibility enhanced by reduced number genes encoding detoxifying enzymes with species. date 10 using a fully-crossed design conducted in laboratory social bees Crithidia spp. or Nosema spp., identifying an urgent need test solitary Similarly, since do not necessarily reflect field conditions, semi-field essential if understand their real-world. In conclusion, there empirical (semi-)field range pesticides, pathogens, species better pathways mechanisms underlying interactions, particular relevance fitness population dynamics. Such data indispensable drive forward robust modelling different settings foster predictive science. This will enable put into context more broadly, evaluating relative importance driving Ultimately, this development effective measures protect ecosystem services they supply.

Language: Английский

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Negative spill-over effects of agricultural practices on plant species conservation in nature reserves

Ecological Indicators, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 149, P. 110170 - 110170

Published: March 28, 2023

Nature reserves are one of the most important instruments for biodiversity protection and to limit regional species extinctions. However, these functions can only be fulfilled if environmental influences from surroundings, such as agrochemical inputs do not negatively affect protected habitats. Here, we compare effectiveness conservation measures under influence yield-optimized cultivation in Germany using vegetation analyses transects edge core areas at 21 sites. By analysing nitrogen phosphate deposition, herbicide number concentration soil well Ellenberg indicator values plant communities a function distance field margin each site, aimed assessing impact stressors different settings. The results indicate strong chemical effects negative resulting increased nutrient input amounts residues closer agricultural fields. Concordantly, endangered plants decreased with increasing proximity edge. on edges nature which decrease show that needs effective buffer zones surrounding areas, especially small narrow. To prevent spill-over application fertilizer herbicides croplands adjacent has reduced. This could achieved effectively through organic farming targeted subsidies.

Language: Английский

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