Cureus,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Oct. 26, 2023
Diabetes
mellitus
(DM)
is
the
most
common
metabolic
disease
worldwide.
Hence,
prevalence
of
continues
to
increase
across
globe.
Metformin
used
as
a
first-line
oral
hypoglycemic
drug
keep
control
type-2
DM
(T2DM)
in
adults.
Diabetic
patients
on
metformin
have
been
largely
seen
be
suffering
from
deficiency
vitamin
B12.
It
water-soluble
mainly
obtained
animal
food
like
meat.
At
basic
cell
level,
it
acts
cofactor
for
enzymes
essential
DNA
synthesis
and
neuroprotection.
As
result,
B12
can
show
clinical
effects
such
progressive
demyelination,
peripheral
neuropathy
haematological
abnormalities
(such
macrocytic
anaemia
neutrophil
hypersegmentation).
Various
studies
also
relation
between
insufficiency
metformin-treated
T2DM
decreased
absorption
There
could
severe
complication
patients.
The
use
proton
pump
inhibitors,
gastric
bypass
surgery,
older
with
higher
red
blood
turnover
are
factors
that
hasten
depletion
reserves
liver.
Methylmalonic
acid
homocysteine
levels
measured
identify
at
its
early
stage
if
borderline.
action
potential
mechanisms
inhibition
will
main
topics
discussion
this
review.
review
discuss
how
deficiencies
using
affect
their
results.
Scientific Reports,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
15(1)
Published: April 8, 2025
This
study
investigated
the
correlation
between
metformin
use
and
diabetic
peripheral
neuropathy
(DPN)
risk
in
patients
with
type
2
diabetes
mellitus
(T2DM)
its
dose-dependent
relationship.
The
included
new-onset
T2DM
from
2002
to
2013.
Patients
were
divided
into
two
groups
based
on
treatment,
DPN
was
assessed
at
2-
5-year
follow-ups.
After
adjusting
for
various
factors,
logistic
models,
cumulative
defined
daily
dose
(cDDD)
treatment
intensity
(defined
[DDD]/month),
evaluated
metformin-DPN
association.
Results
showed
that
cDDD
<
300,
300-500,
>
500
had
higher
both
Odds
ratios
(ORs)
confidence
intervals
(CIs)
1.74
(1.69-1.79),
2.05
(1.81-2.32),
2.36
(1.34-4.16)
years
1.63
(1.60-1.65),
1.82
(1.69-1.96),
2.17
(1.56-3.03)
5
years.
Similarly,
10,
10-25,
25
DDD/month
Metformin
correlated
patients,
a
Higher
or
increased
risk.
However,
absence
of
vitamin
B12
data
limits
understanding
underlying
mechanisms.
Well-designed,
large-scale
studies
are
required
evaluate
potential
risks
therapy
T2DM.
Journal of Diabetes,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
15(9), P. 765 - 776
Published: June 13, 2023
To
evaluate
the
prevalence
of
vitamin
B12
deficiency
in
Chinese
patients
with
type
2
diabetes
mellitus
receiving
metformin
treatment
and
to
investigate
effects
daily
dose
duration
on
peripheral
neuropathy
(PN).
In
this
multicenter
cross-sectional
study,
1027
who
had
been
taking
≥1000
mg/day
for
≥1
year
were
enrolled
using
proportionate
stratified
random
sampling
based
duration.
Primary
measures
included
(<148
pmol/L),
borderline
(148
pmol/L-211
PN.
The
deficiency,
PN
2.15%,
13.66%,
11.59%,
respectively.
Patients
≥1500
significantly
higher
(16.76%
vs.
9.91%,
p
=
.0015)
serum
≤221
pmol/L
(19.25%
11.64%,
<
.001)
than
<1500
metformin.
No
difference
was
found
(12.58%
15.49%,
.1902)
(14.91%
17.32%,
.3055)
between
≥3
<3
years.
numerically
(18.18%
11.27%,
.3192)
without
it.
Multiple
logistic
analyses
revealed
that
HbA1c
associated
pmol/L.
High
dosage
(≥1500
mg/day)
played
an
important
role
metformin-associated
while
not
contributing
risk
Korean Journal of Family Medicine,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
45(4), P. 189 - 198
Published: July 18, 2024
Metformin
is
the
most
widely
used
antihyperglycemic
drug
in
patients
with
type
2
diabetes
(T2D).
Over
past
decades,
several
studies
have
highlighted
a
substantial
increase
risk
of
vitamin
B12
deficiency
T2D
on
metformin
therapy.
This
can
lead
to
complications
and
induce
or
exacerbate
peripheral
neuropathy.
Despite
these
data,
there
are
no
definite
guidelines
for
screening,
diagnosing,
treating
Therefore,
this
narrative
review,
we
aimed
suggest
practical
diagnostic
therapeutic
strategy
address
receiving
treatment.
Clinical
evidence
supporting
an
increased
therapy
its
factors
potential
also
discussed.
Qatar medical journal,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
2021(2)
Published: Sept. 12, 2021
Background:
Data
on
the
effect
of
metformin
serum
vitamin
B12
(VitB12)
level
in
patients
with
type
2
diabetes
mellitus
(T2DM)
Qatar
are
limited;
therefore,
we
aimed
to
assess
prevalence
VitB12
deficiency
and
its
related
factors
among
T2DM
treated
at
Hamad
General
Hospital
Doha,
Qatar,
from
January
1,
2017,
December
31,
2017.
Methods:
This
cross-sectional
analytical
study
involved
aged
≥
18
years
who
used
for
least
3
months.
The
was
quantified
a
chemiluminescent
enzyme
immunoassay
analyzer
using
Cobas
e
801
module,
Roche,
defined
as
≤
145
pmol/L.
All
data
were
obtained
patients’
electronic
medical
records.
Results:
recruited
3124
eligible
T2DM.
overall
metformin-associated
30.7%
[95%
confidence
interval,
0.290–0.323].
A
significant
difference
exists
median
levels
between
VitB12-normal
VitB12-deficient
groups
[129
vs.
286;
p
<
0.001].
Compared
group,
group
had
higher
mean
body
mass
index
(BMI)
(
0.001)
consumed
doses
=
0.001).
They
also
more
often
sulfonylurea
0.004),
dipeptidyl
peptidase-4
inhibitor
0.001),
thiazolidinediones
glucagon-like
peptide
1
[GLP-1]
receptor
agonists
alpha-glucosidase
H2
blocker/proton
pump
inhibitors
[PPI]
than
group.
Moreover,
calcium
supplements
In
multivariate
analysis,
independent
risk
include
high
daily
dose
>2000
mg,
male
gender,
BMI,
smoking,
sulfonylurea,
inhibitor,
blockers/PPI,
low
fasting
blood
glucose,
hemoglobin.
Conclusion:
showed
taking
negative
correlation
level.
Therefore,
regular
screening
is
necessary
treatment,
especially
those
have
abovementioned
factors.
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
151, P. 113130 - 113130
Published: May 20, 2022
Metformin
is
a
first-line
oral
antidiabetic
agent
that
results
in
clear
benefits
relation
to
glucose
metabolism
and
diabetes-related
complications.
The
specific
regulatory
details
mechanisms
underlying
these
are
still
unclear
require
further
investigation.
There
recent
mounting
evidence
metformin
has
pleiotropic
effects
on
the
target
tissue
development
metabolic
organs,
including
adipose
tissue,
gastrointestinal
tract
liver.
mechanism
of
actions
divided
into
direct
tissues
indirect
via
non-targeted
tissues.
MicroRNAs
(miRNAs)
class
endogenous,
noncoding,
negative
gene
regulators
have
emerged
as
important
number
diseases,
type
2
diabetes
mellitus
(T2DM).
involved
many
aspects
miRNA
regulation,
treatment
T2DM
should
be
associated
with
other
targets.
A
large
miRNAs
regulation
by
either
or
gradually
been
revealed
context
numerous
diseases
received
increasing
attention.
This
paper
thoroughly
reviews
current
knowledge
about
role
networks
tissue-specific
metformin.
Furthermore,
this
provides
novel
theoretical
basis
suggests
therapeutic
targets
for
clinical
prevention
cancer,
cardiovascular
disorders,
its
