The response of aquatic ecosystems to the interactive effects of stratospheric ozone depletion, UV radiation, and climate change

Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 22(5), P. 1093 - 1127

Published: May 2, 2023

Variations in stratospheric ozone and changes the aquatic environment by climate change human activity are modifying exposure of ecosystems to UV radiation. These shifts have consequences for distributions species, biogeochemical cycles, services provided ecosystems. This Quadrennial Assessment presents latest knowledge on multi-faceted interactions between effects irradiation change, other anthropogenic activities, how these conditions changing Climate results variations depth mixing, thickness ice cover, duration ice-free inputs dissolved organic matter, all which can either increase or decrease Anthropogenic activities release oil, filters sunscreens, microplastics into that then modified radiation, frequently amplifying adverse organisms their environments. The impacts combination with factors such as warming ocean acidification considered micro-organisms, macroalgae, plants, animals (floating, swimming, attached). Minimising disruptive critical world's rivers, lakes oceans (freshwater supply, recreation, transport, food security) will not only require continued adherence Montreal Protocol but also a wider inclusion solar radiation its studies and/or models under future global climate.

Language: Английский

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Cryopreservation and revival of Hawaiian stony corals using isochoric vitrification

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Aug. 23, 2023

Corals are under siege by both local and global threats, creating a worldwide reef crisis. Cryopreservation is an important intervention measure vital component of the modern coral conservation toolkit, but preservation techniques currently limited to sensitive reproductive materials that can only be obtained few nights per year during spawning. Here, we report successful cryopreservation revival cm-scale fragments via mL-scale isochoric vitrification. We demonstrate viability at 24 h post-thaw using calibrated oxygen-uptake respirometry technique, further show method applied in passive, electronics-free configuration. Finally, detail complete prototype pipeline, which provides platform for essential next steps modulating stress initiating long-term growth. These findings pave way towards approach rapidly deployed around world secure biological genetic diversity our vanishing reefs.

Language: Английский

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Parental effects provide an opportunity for coral resilience following major bleaching events

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 20(1), P. e0290479 - e0290479

Published: Jan. 7, 2025

Identifying processes that promote coral reef recovery and resilience is crucial as ocean warming becomes more frequent severe. Sexual reproduction essential for the replenishment of populations maintenance genetic diversity; however, ability corals to reproduce may be impaired by marine heatwaves cause bleaching. In 2014 2015, Hawaiian Islands experienced bleaching with differential susceptibility in species Montipora capitata , a dominant reef-building region. We tested hypothesis resistance enhances reproductive capacity offspring performance examining biology colonies bleached recovered (B) did not bleach (NB) 2015 subsequent spawning seasons. The proportion spawned was higher 2016 than 2017. Regardless parental history, we found eggs abnormality bundles fewer While output similar between B NB 2016, survivorship year were significantly influenced history (egg donor × sperm donor: B, NB, NB). Offspring produced egg donors had highest survivorship, while from previously lowest highlighting negative effects on investment performance. sexual continues M . post-bleaching, gametes are differentially impacted time following event resistance. Our results demonstrate importance identifying resistant individuals during after heating events. This study further highlights significance maternal through potential provisioning provides baseline human-assisted intervention (i.e., selective breeding) mitigate climate change reefs.

Language: Английский

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Proteomic Plasticity in the Coral Montipora capitata Gamete Bundles after Parent Thermal Bleaching

Journal of Proteome Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 25, 2025

Coral reefs are vital to marine biodiversity and human livelihoods, but they face significant threats from climate change. Increased ocean temperatures drive massive "bleaching" events, during which corals lose their symbiotic algae the important metabolic resources those provide. Proteomics is a crucial tool for understanding coral function tolerance thermal stress, as proteins physiological processes accurately represent cell functional phenotypes. We examined condition of (Montipora capitata) gametes parents that either experienced bleaching or were nonbleached controls by comparing data dependent (DDA) independent (DIA) acquisition methods peptide quantification (spectral counting area-under-the-curve, AUC) strategies. For DDA, AUC captured broader dynamic range than spectral counting. DIA yielded better coverage low abundance DDA higher number proteins, making it more suitable method detecting subtle, yet biologically significant, shifts in protein gamete bundles. Gametes bleached showed broadscale decrease involved carbohydrate metabolism, citric acid cycle, translation. This plasticity could reveal how organisms offspring acclimatize adapt future environmental ultimately shaping resilience dynamics populations.

Language: Английский

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Hypoxia Disrupts Sex‐Specific Physiology and Gene Expression Leading to Decreased Fitness in the Estuarine Sea Anemone Nematostella vectensis

Molecular Ecology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 7, 2025

ABSTRACT Coastal seawater hypoxia is increasing in temperate estuaries under global climate change, yet it unknown how low oxygen conditions affect most estuarine species. We found that has increased since the 1990s an estuary hosting sea anemone Nematostella vectensis (Jacques Cousteau National Estuarine Research Reserve, New Jersey, USA). Adult N. bred from anemones collected this exposed to three consecutive nights of (dissolved = 0.5–1.5 mg L −1 for ~12 h night ) during gametogenesis displayed decreased aerobic respiration rates and biomass, indicating metabolic disruption. Physiological declines were correlated with changes expression genes related oxygen‐dependent processes, many which are targets hypoxia‐inducible factor 1α (HIF1α), demonstrating activity transcription first time early‐diverging metazoan. The upregulation involved unfolded protein response endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus homeostasis suggested misfolded proteins contributed disrupted physiology. Notably, these responses more pronounced females, sex‐specific sensitivity was also observed reproductive outcomes, female but not male fecundity following exposure. However, sperm males had higher mitochondrial membrane potential, altered spermatogenesis. Further, crosses performed gametes hypoxia‐exposed adults yielded strikingly developmental success (~2%), larvae did develop similar accelerated settlement compared controls. Overall, depressed fitness by over 95%, suggesting even stress‐tolerant species may be threatened coastal deoxygenation.

Language: Английский

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High-quality genome assemblies from key Hawaiian coral species

GigaScience, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

Abstract Background Coral reefs house about 25% of marine biodiversity and are critical for the livelihood many communities by providing food, tourism revenue, protection from wave surge. These magnificent ecosystems under existential threat anthropogenic climate change. Whereas extensive ecological physiological studies have addressed coral response to environmental stress, high-quality reference genome data lacking these species. The latter issue hinders efforts understand genetic basis stress resistance design informed conservation strategies. Results We report assemblies 4 key Hawaiian species, Montipora capitata, Pocillopora acuta, meandrina, Porites compressa. or members genera, distributed worldwide therefore broad scientific importance. For M. an initial assembly was generated short-read Illumina long-read PacBio data, which then scaffolded into 14 putative chromosomes using Omni-C sequencing. P. compressa, were data. acuta is a triploid individual, making it first nondiploid animal. Conclusions significant improvements over available provide invaluable resources supporting multiomics biology, not just in Hawaiʻi but also other regions, where related species exist. provides platform studying polyploidy corals its role evolution adaptation organisms.

Language: Английский

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Coral long-term recovery after bleaching: implications for sexual reproduction and physiology.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 13, 2024

ABSTRACT This study examined the long-term impacts of coral bleaching on reproduction and physiology Montipora capitata , a dominant reef-building in Hawaiʻi. We monitored bleached non-bleached colonies during after natural event 2014 analyzed reproductive traits transcriptomic signatures eight months later. Our shows that successfully produced gametes. Colonies had smaller oocytes, development was slower than did not bleach. Corals with different vulnerabilities to exhibited distinct responses event. Those more prone showed suppression transcripts associated sperm motility, calcification, immunity. found between fringing patch reefs, suggesting local adaptation and/or acclimatization. To conserve reefs better understand how they will be affected by future heat stress, we need track which survive examine their physiological processes are impacted short- long-term. is critical as consecutive events become frequent, corals have less time recover. provides valuable molecular data can used for conservation management purposes. information help us identify signs vulnerability resilience bleaching, project affect reproduction, determine most at risk, assess sites likely compromised.

Language: Английский

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Reproductive resilience: pathways to gametogenic success in Montipora capitata after bleaching

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Nov. 13, 2024

Thermal bleaching, or the loss of symbiotic algae that provide most energetic resources for coral host, is an increasing threat to reefs worldwide and projected worsen with climate change. While bleaching a well-recognized threat, impact on process reproduction in survivors not well resolved, despite being central resilience. Montipora capitata can survive while completing full gametogenic cycle, offering ideal system study resilience physiological tradeoffs. We experimentally bleached fragments M. colonies followed their gametogenesis responses 10 months (six time points). All produced gametes at same as controls, suggesting reproductive processes were energetically prioritized. However, proteomic analysis revealed tradeoffs delays activating key earlier areas such skeletal growth hormone synthesis. Tradeoffs during likely direct response thermal resulted smaller oocytes from colonies, potentially indicating decreased transfer parental gametes. continue this species, it unknown how fecundity, synchrony spawning, viability success future offspring may be impacted by events.

Language: Английский

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Solar radiation, temperature and the reproductive biology of the coral Lobactis scutaria in a changing climate

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: Jan. 5, 2023

Abstract Coral reefs worldwide are at risk due to climate change. bleaching is becoming increasingly common and corals that survive events can suffer from temporary reproductive failure for several years. While water temperature a key driver in causing coral bleaching, other environmental factors involved, such as solar radiation. We investigated the individual combined effects of temperature, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), ultraviolet (UVR) on spawning patterns physiology Hawaiian mushroom Lobactis scutaria , using long-term experiments aquaria. examined timing, fertilisation success, gamete physiology. Both warmer temperatures filtering UVR altered timing spawning. Warmer caused drop success. higher PAR both negatively affected sperm egg These results concerning L. similar data urgently needed predict future trends species. Nonetheless, thermal stress global change will need be adequately addressed ensure survival reef-building their natural environment throughout next century beyond. Until then, reproduction likely impaired growing number

Language: Английский

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Parental exposure to ocean acidification impacts gamete production and physiology but not offspring performance in Nematostella vectensis

Biology Open, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(3)

Published: Jan. 30, 2023

Ocean acidification (OA) resulting from anthropogenic CO2 emissions is impairing the reproduction of marine organisms. While parental exposure to OA can protect offspring via carryover effects, this phenomenon poorly understood in many invertebrate taxa. Here, we examined how acidified (pH 7.40) versus ambient 7.72) seawater influenced and performance across six gametogenic cycles (13 weeks) estuarine sea anemone Nematostella vectensis. Females exhibited reproductive plasticity under acidic conditions, releasing significantly fewer but larger eggs compared females after 4 weeks exposure, two four following spawning despite recovering fecundity, indicating long-term acclimatization greater investment eggs. Males showed no changes fecundity conditions produced a percentage sperm with high mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP; proxy for elevated motility), which corresponded higher fertilization rates relative males. Finally, did not influence development rates, respiration or heat tolerance. Overall, study demonstrates that impacts gamete production physiology N. vectensis, suggesting increased individual gametes may promote fitness.

Language: Английский

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