Classifying the activity states of small vertebrates using automated VHF telemetry DOI Creative Commons
Jannis Gottwald, Raphaël Royauté, Marcel Becker

et al.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 23, 2022

Abstract The most basic behavioural states of animals can be described as active or passive. However, while high-resolution observations activity patterns provide insights into the ecology animal species, few methods are able to measure individuals small taxa in their natural environment. We present a novel approach which automated VHF radio-tracking vertebrates fitted with lightweight transmitters (< 0.2 g) is used distinguish between and passive states. A dataset containing > 3 million signals was train test random forest model assignment either behaviour from two forest-dwelling bat species ( Myotis bechsteinii (n = 50) Nyctalus leisleri 20)). applicability other taxonomic groups demonstrated by recording classifying tagged bird simulating effect different types vertebrate help humans carrying transmitters. successfully classified bats well those birds humans, although latter were not included training (F-score 0.96–0.98). utility tackling ecologically relevant questions study differences daily species. analysis showed pronounced bimodal distribution N. over course night night-time M. relatively constant. These results show that significant timing according ecological preferences seasonality distinguished using our method. Our enables signal fundamental high precision applicable terrestrial flying vertebrates. To encourage broader use method, we trained models together an R-package includes all necessary data-processing functionalities. In combination state-of-the-art open-source radio-tracking, this toolset scientific community investigate temporal resolution, even dense vegetation.

Language: Английский

Cathemerality: a key temporal niche DOI Creative Commons
Daniel T. C. Cox, Kevin J. Gaston

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 99(2), P. 329 - 347

Published: Oct. 15, 2023

ABSTRACT Given the marked variation in abiotic and biotic conditions between day night, many species specialise their physical activity to being diurnal or nocturnal, it was long thought that these strategies were commonly fairly fixed invariant. The term ‘cathemeral’, coined 1987, when Tattersall noted a Madagascan primate during hours of both daylight darkness. Initially be rare, cathemerality is now known quite widespread form time partitioning amongst arthropods, fish, birds, mammals. Herein we provide synthesis present understanding cathemeral behaviour, arguing should routinely included alongside nocturnal schemes distinguish categorise across taxa according temporal niche. This particularly timely because ( i ) study animal patterns revolutionised by new improved technologies; ii becoming apparent covers diverse range obligate facultative forms, each with own common sets functional traits, geographic ranges evolutionary history; iii daytime nighttime likely plays an important but currently neglected role niche ecosystem functioning; iv may have ability adapt human‐mediated pressures.

Language: Английский

Citations

23
Impact of vaccine supplies and delays on optimal control of the COVID-19 pandemic: mapping interventions for the Philippines DOI Creative Commons
Carlo Delfin S. Estadilla, Joshua Uyheng, Elvira P. de Lara-Tuprio

et al.

Infectious Diseases of Poverty, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: Aug. 9, 2021

Abstract Background Around the world, controlling COVID-19 pandemic requires national coordination of multiple intervention strategies. As vaccinations are globally introduced into repertoire available interventions, it is important to consider how changes in local supply vaccines, including delays administration, may be addressed through existing policy levers. This study aims identify optimal level interventions for from 2021 2022 Philippines, which as a developing country particularly vulnerable shifting assumptions around vaccine availability. Furthermore, we explore strategies scenarios featuring expansions supply, and limited combinations interventions. Methods Embedding our work within landscape, apply control theory compartmental model used by Philippine government’s surveillance platform introduce four controls: (a) precautionary measures like community quarantines, (b) detection asymptomatic cases, (c) symptomatic (d) vaccinations. The fitted data using an L-BFGS minimization procedure. Optimality conditions identified Pontryagin’s minimum principle numerically solved forward–backward sweep method. Results Simulation results indicate that early effective implementation both case vital averting most infections at efficient cost, resulting $$>99\%$$ > 99 % reduction compared no-control scenario. Expanding administration capacity 440,000 full immunizations daily will reduce overall cost strategy $$25\%$$ 25 , while allowing faster relaxation more resource-intensive require compensatory increases remaining levers maintain minimal number infections. For example, delaying vaccines 180 days (6 months) result $$18\%$$ 18 increase strategy. Conclusion We conclude with practical insights regarding priorities attuned context, but also applicable broadly similar resource-constrained settings. emphasize three key takeaways sustaining detection, isolation, treatment strategies; expanding not only administer them, and; timeliness consistency adopting measures. Graphic

Language: Английский

Citations

35
Mineral supplementation by artificial salt licks is comparatively effective as natural salt licks for Malaysian mammals DOI Creative Commons
Nor Bazilah Razali, Mohammad Saiful Mansor, Farah Ayuni Farinordin

et al.

Ecological Processes, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Jan. 2, 2025

Abstract Background Mineral-rich licks are known to provide mineral supplements wildlife species, including mammals. Artificial salt have been provided as habitat enrichment in protected areas and secondary forests Peninsular Malaysia since 2012. However, few studies investigated artificial licks, particularly their composition roles different habitats. We used 40 camera traps assess mammal species diversity assemblages at 20 (nine natural 11 licks) three forest reserves Malaysia. Nine elements from water soil samples primary were analysed. Results Twenty-nine identified across with 16 being lick users, eight herbivorous, five frugivorous carnivorous mammals, most of which moved groups solitarily. The both types demonstrated a predominantly nested pattern, herbivorous mammals the users. habitats showcased same feeding guilds that resilient changes. visitation frequency suggests each user had its own preferences for minerals soil. Conclusions This study may be effective providing many forests. Thus, they could enrich degraded Enriching is essential supporting ecosystem, especially carbon reduction, biodiversity conservation connectivity between intact

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Behavioral response of Bornean ungulates, including bearded pigs and sambar deer, to anthropogenic disturbance in Sabah, Malaysia DOI Creative Commons
Miyabi Nakabayashi, Tomoko Kanamori,

Aoi Matsukawa

et al.

Global Ecology and Conservation, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. e03580 - e03580

Published: April 1, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Niche partitioning by sympatric civets in the Himalayan foothills of Pakistan DOI Creative Commons
Faraz Akrim, Tariq Mahmood, Jerrold L. Belant

et al.

PeerJ, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11, P. e14741 - e14741

Published: Feb. 21, 2023

Niche overlap between sympatric species can indicate the extent of interspecific competition. Sympatric competing exhibit spatial, temporal, and dietary adjustments to reduce We investigated niche Asian palm civet (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus) small Indian (Viverricula indica), in around Pir Lasura National Park, Pakistan. used remote cameras determine frequency timing detections estimate spatial temporal overlap, prey remains from scats overlap. collected scat samples (n = 108) 44) for analysis. found low (Oij 0.32) (Δ 0.39) but high (0.9) these two species. Both were detected at only 11 camera sites civets most frequently during 2:00-5:00 h 8:00-10:00 h, whereas greatest 20:00-2:00 h. The overall breadth was slightly narrower (L 9.69, Lst 0.31) than that 10, 0.52). identified 27 items (15 plant, 12 animal) including Himalayan pear (Pyrus pashia; 27%), gerbil (Tatera indica; 10%), Rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta; 4%), insects (5%). Scat analysis revealed 17 (eight nine (24%), domestic poultry (15%), (11%), house mouse (Mus musculus; 5%). consumed fruits cultivated orchard Spatial partitioning landscapes containing diverse foods appears facilitate coexistence civets.

Language: Английский

Citations

7
Global variation in unique and redundant mammal functional diversity across the daily cycle DOI Creative Commons
Daniel T. C. Cox, D. James Baker, Alexandra S. Gardner

et al.

Journal of Biogeography, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 50(4), P. 629 - 640

Published: Jan. 19, 2023

Abstract Aim Organisms primarily influence ecosystems through their functional traits when they are physically active. Following the nocturnal bottleneck, expansion of mammals into daytime expanded mammalian diversity (FD), however there is also notable overlap in trait space across diel niches leading to redundant FD. We explore how unique and contribution each niche varies spatially relation natural variation light temperature. Location Global. Taxon Extant mammals. Methods Based on five major (body mass, litter size, diet breadth, foraging strata, habitat breadth) for 5033 extant terrestrial mammals, we determine biogeographical nocturnal, crepuscular, cathemeral diurnal calculate proportion FD that niche, daily cycle. Results The diversification resulted creation new (28.5% not nocturnal; Lower Quartile 17.3%; Upper 38.2%). Most this occurred at higher latitudes where uniquely dominates (>55°N, 41.1% FD; 33.3%, 53.6%), associated with fewer hours biologically useful moonlight daylight. Where more daylight, common. However, than half non‐nocturnal redundant, increasing ecosystem stability as different species carry out similar functions times day, suggesting many have diversified far from ancestors. Main conclusions Over much land surface a only occurs night, underscoring importance ecosystems. Understanding informs community structure function but persistence Anthropocene, pressures night being particularly concerning.

Language: Английский

Citations

5
Temporal Activity Patterns of Sympatric Species in the Temperate Coniferous Forests of the Eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau DOI Creative Commons
Jia Jia, Yun Fang, Xinhai Li

et al.

Animals, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(7), P. 1129 - 1129

Published: March 23, 2023

Temporal niche partitioning is an important strategy for sympatric species or populations when utilizing limited resources while minimizing competition. Different resource availability across seasons may also influence the intensity of competition, resulting in a varied temporal pattern between species. These competitive interactions are drivers formation biodiversity patterns and coexistence on eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. To clarify these interspecies relationships among species, we carried out camera trap survey from 2017 to 2020. We deployed 60 traps temperate coniferous forests analyzed daily activity birds mammals reveal niches seasonal species-specific rhythms. The results summarized as follows: (1) Eight major including birds, have different peak rhythms reduce intense competition resources. (2) rhythm varies seasonally, more warm season than cold season. (3) Among 15 pairs competitor seven had significantly coefficients, with higher winter values summer values, perhaps due abundance scarcity causing intensified predators prey, summertime coefficients were those winter, need replenish energy during breeding main purpose animals survive harsh environment. Our provide information contribute better understanding species-coexistence mechanisms.

Language: Английский

Citations

5
Dietary partitioning in sympatric Paradoxurinae civets in Borneo suggested by compound-specific nitrogen isotope analysis of amino acids DOI Creative Commons
Miyabi Nakabayashi, Takumi Tsutaya, Abdul Hamid Ahmad

et al.

Progress in Earth and Planetary Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: Oct. 2, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Classifying the activity states of small vertebrates using automated VHF telemetry DOI Creative Commons
Jannis Gottwald, Raphaël Royauté, Marcel Becker

et al.

Methods in Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(1), P. 252 - 264

Published: Dec. 5, 2022

Abstract The most basic behavioural states of animals can be described as active or passive. While high‐resolution observations activity patterns provide insights into the ecology animal species, few methods are able to measure individuals small taxa in their natural environment. We present a novel approach which combination automatic radiotracking and machine learning is used distinguish between passive behaviour vertebrates fitted with lightweight transmitters (<0.4 g). dataset containing >3 million signals from very‐high‐frequency (VHF) telemetry two forest‐dwelling bat species ( Myotis bechsteinii [ n = 52] Nyctalus leisleri 20]) train test random forest model assigning either VHF‐tagged individuals. generalisability was demonstrated by recording classifying tagged birds simulating effect different levels help humans carrying transmitters. successfully classified bats well those humans, although latter were not included training (F1 0.96–0.98). an ecological case‐study demonstrating potential this automated monitoring tool. trained models compare differences daily species. analysis showed pronounced bimodal distribution N. over course night while night‐time M. relatively constant. These results show that subtle timing species' distinguished using our method. Our classify VHF‐signal fundamental high precision applicable terrestrial flying vertebrates. To encourage broader use method, we together R package includes all necessary data processing functionalities. In state‐of‐the‐art open‐source radiotracking, toolset scientific community investigate temporal resolution, even dense vegetation.

Language: Английский

Citations

6
Bonding microwave absorbing ferrites to thermal conducting copper DOI
G.H. Chen, Wei‐Hsing Tuan

International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 19(2), P. 1001 - 1008

Published: Aug. 18, 2021

Abstract In the present study, thermal characteristics of spinel ferrites are reported. The expansion coefficient is slightly larger than that silicon; furthermore, these all demonstrate capability to absorb microwave. Nevertheless, their conductivity relatively low. A copper plate bonded ferrite provide a backing for heat spreading. Microstructure observation at interface reveals no reaction phase. resistance copper‐ferrite With bonding metallic copper, generated in by microwave absorbing possible be removed layer.

Language: Английский

Citations

5