Native Pig Breeds as a Source of Biodiversity—Breeding and Economic Aspects

Agriculture, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(8), P. 1528 - 1528

Published: July 31, 2023

The purpose of this paper is to summarize the available important information on local pig breeds maintained in Europe. Genetic erosion has prompted national and international bodies take organized action aimed at minimization further losses biodiversity. Since genetic resources livestock ensure both food security sustainable development rural areas, diversity indispensable for sufficient flexibility future animal husbandry adapt changing consumer demands climatic conditions. Therefore, problem biodiversity recently become an essential part comprehensive program World Conservation Strategy global idea so-called development. issue protection occupies place provisions EU Common Agricultural Policy. successive financial perspectives assume increase relevant expenditure from budgets. With regard native breeds, a particularly large funding was recorded 2014–2020.

Language: Английский

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Observations on microsatellite genetic variation of a wild boar (Sus scrofa L.) population from Tuscany (Italy)

Rendiconti lincei. Scienze fisiche e naturali, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 4, 2025

Language: Английский

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A Comprehensive Review: Molecular and Genealogical Methods for Preserving the Genetic Diversity of Pigs

Applied Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(6), P. 3394 - 3394

Published: March 20, 2025

Anthropogenic activities and rapidly increasing climate change have led to a significant loss of genetic diversity in domestic animals. Genealogical data traditionally been used monitor diversity. However, due dependency on pedigree completeness errors that can occur genealogical records, inaccurate estimation population parameters, such as the inbreeding coefficient or effective size, might occur. To reduce possible errors, it is necessary combine with molecular data. An integrated approach using leads optimization breeding programs while controlling within Molecular techniques single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping, whole-genome sequencing (WGS), genome-wide association studies (GWASs) enable detailed understanding breed-specific profiles their use conservation programs. In addition, methods structural variation (SV) analysis pangenome epigenomic profiling provide more comprehensive insight into The particular importance for an autochthonous breed its resilience unfavorable climatic conditions, specific productive traits, disease resistance. A combined helps maintain sustainable agricultural systems under evolving environmental challenges.

Language: Английский

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Assessment of Heterozygosity in European Local and Cosmopolitan Pig Populations

Agriculture, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(7), P. 761 - 761

Published: April 1, 2025

Researchers focused on assessing differences in gene diversity within and between populations, whether cosmopolitan or local. However, the identification of patterns variation non-random heterozygous genomic stretches, known as Heterozygosity-Rich regions (HRRs), has not yet been determined European local pig breeds. A total 23 breeds (20 3 cosmopolitan) were assessed compared terms heterozygosity-rich regions. The with highest number HRRs Large White, Lithuanian Old type, Landrace, followed by Native, Mora Romagnola, Duroc. lowest Alentejana, Iberian, Majorcan Black. No shared HRR islands found all breeds, but enrichment analysis performed most common revealed several biologically important genes that cluster together play significant roles, primarily related to immune system. Permutation indicated some serve true reservoirs genetic diversity, displaying distinct unique characteristics heterozygosity. This study suggests importance investigating heterozygosity develop a comprehensive picture regardless production system, country origin, population size.

Language: Английский

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Identification of population‐informative markers from high‐density genotyping data through combined feature selection and machine learning algorithms: Application to European autochthonous and cosmopolitan pig breeds

Animal Genetics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 55(2), P. 193 - 205

Published: Jan. 8, 2024

Abstract Large genotyping datasets, obtained from high‐density single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays, developed for different livestock species, can be used to describe and differentiate breeds or populations. To identify the most discriminating genetic markers among thousands of genotyped SNPs, a few statistical approaches have been proposed. In this study, we applied Boruta algorithm, wrapper machine learning random forest on database 23 European pig (20 autochthonous three cosmopolitan breeds) with 70k SNP chip, pre‐select informative SNPs. sets these pre‐selected were then ranked based their mean decrease accuracy gene indexes. We evaluated efficiency subsets breed classification usefulness approach detect candidate genes affecting breed‐specific phenotypes relevant production traits that might differ breeds. The lowest overall error (2.3%) was reached subpanel including only 398 SNPs (ranked accuracy), no in seven using up 49 Several selected subpanels genomic regions which previous studies had identified signatures selection associated morphological distinguish analysed Therefore, even if not originally designed selection, results showed they could potentially useful purpose.

Language: Английский

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Genetic traceability, conservation effectiveness, and selection signatures analysis based on ancestral information: a case study of Beijing-You chicken

BMC Genomics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(1)

Published: April 24, 2025

Genetic resources are essential components of biodiversity. As national strategy, the conservation genetic is crucial not only for biodiversity but also sustainable agriculture and cultural heritage. However, exact origin most local breeds remains unclear at genomic level. The efforts becoming more challenging as currently experiencing drift admixture, which may be further complicated by historical hybridizations. A typical example Beijing-You chicken, a breed renowned its excellent meat flavor unique appearance. With relatively recent history (~ 300 years), it displays mixed phenotypes have resulted from with yet to determined. Through comprehensive similarity analysis, we identified 12 donor chicken quantified their contributions, highest ancestry proportion coming Henan chickens. structure analyses suggest hybridization in formation this breed. Furthermore, innovatively used new material evaluation selection signature detection, demonstrating that over past decade been effective. Analysis signatures revealed genes regions associated polydactyly, egg production, intramuscular fat, spermatogenesis. By integrating various analytical strategies, developed novel framework traceability evaluation. Our results highlight effectiveness assessment offer valuable insights conservation, improvement, utilization breeds.

Language: Английский

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The Revolution of Animal Genomics in Forensic Sciences

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(10), P. 8821 - 8821

Published: May 16, 2023

Nowadays, the coexistence between humans and domestic animals (especially dogs cats) has become a common scenario of daily life. Consequently, during forensic investigation in civil or criminal cases, biological material from animal could be considered "evidence" by law enforcement agencies. Animal genomics offers an important contribution attacks episodes property destruction crime scene where non-human is linked to victim perpetrator. However, only few genetics laboratories world are able carry out valid analysis, adhering standards guidelines that ensure admissibility data before court law. Today, sciences focus on considering all species through analysis STRs (short tandem repeats) autosomal mitochondrial DNA SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms). application these molecular markers wildlife seems have gradually gained strong relevance, aiming tackle illegal traffic, avoid loss biodiversity, protect endangered species. The development third-generation sequencing technologies glimmered new possibilities bringing "the laboratory into field", with reduction both enormous cost management samples degradation material.

Language: Английский

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Persistence of autozygosity in crossbreds between autochthonous and cosmopolitan breeds of swine: a simulation study

animal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 18(2), P. 101070 - 101070

Published: Jan. 22, 2024

Crossbreeding might be a valid strategy to valorize local pig breeds. should reduce homozygosity and, as consequence, yield hybrid vigor for fitness and production traits. This study aimed quantify the persistence of autozygosity in terminal crossbred pigs compared with purebreds turn, identify genomic regions where autozygosity's would not found. The was based on genotyping data from 20 European breeds three cosmopolitan used simulate offspring. consisted two steps. First, one hundred matings were simulated each pairwise combination 23 considered (for total 276 combinations), ignoring sex parent individuals order generate purebred leveraging all germplasm available. Second, few preselected terminal-maternal breed pairs mimic realistic crossbreeding system: (i) Mora Romagnola (boars) or Cinta Senese crossed Large White (sows) Landrace (sows); (ii) Duroc (sows). Runs estimate genome-wide (FROH). Observed FROH higher than crossbreds, although some combinations showed other combinations. Among purebreds, highest values observed Turopolje (0.50 0.46, respectively). ranged 0.04 0.16 crossbreds Alentejana × Iberian, respectively. Persistence found several segments harboring quantitative trait loci (QTLs) literature. enriched QTLs involved fatty acid metabolism associated performance simulation shows that persists most crosses. Results suggest is implemented when autochthonous obtain vigor.

Language: Английский

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A comprehensive review of livestock development: insights into domestication, phylogenetics, diversity, and genomic advances

Mammalian Genome, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 35(4), P. 577 - 599

Published: Oct. 14, 2024

Language: Английский

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Advances in the discovery of genetic elements underlying longissimus dorsi muscle growth and development in the pig

Animal Genetics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 54(6), P. 709 - 720

Published: Oct. 5, 2023

Abstract As a major source of protein in human diets, pig meat plays crucial role ensuring global food security. Key determinants production refer to the chemical and physical compositions or characteristics muscle fibers, such as number, hypertrophy potential, fiber‐type conversion intramuscular fat deposition. However, growth formation fibers comprises complex process under spatio‐temporal regulation, that is, intermingled concomitant proliferation, differentiation, migration fusion myoblasts. Recently, with fast continuous development next‐generation sequencing technology, integration quantitative trait loci mapping genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) has greatly helped animal geneticists discover explore thousands functional causal genetic elements underlying development. owing molecular mechanisms, challenges in‐depth understanding utilization remain, cost large‐scale sequencing, which requires integrated analyses high‐throughput omics data, is high. In this review, we mainly elaborate on research advances integrative (e.g. GWAS, omics) for identifying genes genomic longissimus dorsi different breeds, describing several successful transcriptome genomics cases, an attempt provide some perspective future annotation pigs.

Language: Английский

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