Alleviating effect of vagus nerve cutting in Salmonella-induced gut infections and anxiety-like behavior via enhancing microbiota-derived GABA

Brain Behavior and Immunity, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 119, P. 607 - 620

Published: April 23, 2024

Language: Английский

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The Alteration of Microglial Calcium Homeostasis in Central Nervous System Disorders: A Comprehensive Review

Neuroglia, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 5(4), P. 410 - 444

Published: Oct. 21, 2024

Microglia, the unique and motile immune cells of central nervous system (CNS), function as a security guard in maintaining CNS homeostasis, primarily through calcium signaling. The dynamics microglia control important functions such phagocytosis, cytokine release, migration. Calcium dysregulation has been linked to several disorders, like Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), ischemic stroke (IS). entering channels voltage-gated (VGCCs), store-operated entry (SOCE), transient receptor potential (TRP) is essential for microglial activation pro-inflammatory responses. Under pathological conditions, formation amyloid-β plaques AD, aggregation α-synuclein PD, oxidative stress MS, exacerbates neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, neurodegeneration. Therapeutic strategies targeting signaling pathways, using channel blockers antioxidant interventions, show promise alleviating slowing down progression. This review summarizes underlying mechanisms therapeutic benefits restoring balance disorders.

Language: Английский

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Neuroinflammatory Loop in Schizophrenia, Is There a Relationship with Symptoms or Cognition Decline?

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(1), P. 310 - 310

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Schizophrenia (SZ), a complex psychiatric disorder of neurodevelopment, is characterised by range symptoms, including hallucinations, delusions, social isolation and cognitive deterioration. One the hypotheses that underlie SZ related to inflammatory events which could be partly responsible for symptoms. However, it unknown how molecules can contribute decline in SZ. This review summarises exposes possible contribution imbalance between pro-inflammatory anti-inflammatory interleukins like IL-1beta, IL-4 TNFalfa among others on impairment. We discuss this affects microglia astrocytes inducing disruption blood–brain barrier (BBB) SZ, impact prefrontal cortex or associative areas involved executive functions such as planning working tasks. also highlight generated intestinal microbiota alterations, due dysfunctional microbial colonisers use some anti-psychotics, central nervous system. Finally, question arises whether modulate correct characterises if an immunomodulatory strategy incorporated into conventional clinical treatments, either alone complement, applied specific phases, prodromal first-episode psychosis.

Language: Английский

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Biological agents and the aging brain: glial inflammation and neurotoxic signaling

Frontiers in Aging, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 4

Published: Aug. 15, 2023

Neuroinflammation is a universal characteristic of brain aging and neurological disorders, irrespective the disease state. Glial inflammation mediates this signaling, through astrocyte microglial polarization from neuroprotective to neurotoxic phenotypes. reactivity results in loss homeostasis, as these cells no longer provide support neurons, addition production chronically toxic pro-inflammatory mediators. These glial changes initiate an inflammatory state that injures central nervous system (CNS) over time. As ages, glia are altered, including increased cell numbers, morphological changes, either pre-disposition or inability become reactive. alterations induce age-related neuropathologies, ultimately leading neuronal degradation irreversible damage associated with disorders aged brain, Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) other related diseases. While complex interactions well studied, role additional stressors, such infectious agents, play on neuropathology has not been fully elucidated. Both biological agents periphery, bacterial infections, CNS, viral infections like SARS-CoV-2, push into neuroinflammatory phenotypes can exacerbate pathology within brain. release pattern molecular patterns (PAMPs) bind recognition receptors (PRRs) cells, beginning cascade. In review, we will summarize evidence reactive glia, which worsens neuropathology.

Language: Английский

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Complex Interactions and Ecotoxicological Consequences of Tannery Effluents on Aquatic Life: Differential Responses in Scinax Fuscovarius Tadpoles and Poecilia Reticulata Fish

Water Air & Soil Pollution, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 236(2)

Published: Jan. 11, 2025

Language: Английский

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Microglia regulate nucleus accumbens synaptic development and circuit function underlying threat avoidance behaviors

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 16, 2025

Abstract While CNS microglia have well-established roles in synapse pruning during neurodevelopment, only a few studies identified for formation. These focused on the cortex and primary sensory circuits restricted developmental time periods, leaving substantial gaps our understanding of early functions microglia. Here we investigated how absence impacts synaptic development nucleus accumbens (NAc), region critical emotional regulation motivated behaviors where dysfunction is implicated psychiatric disorders that arise life. Using genetically modified mouse lacks ( Csf1r ΔFIRE/ΔFIRE ), found blunted excitatory formation NAc. This effect was most prominent second third postnatal weeks, when previously to be overproduced, accompanied by an increase presynaptic release probability alterations postsynaptic kinetics. Tissue-level NAc proteomics confirmed microglial impacted numerous proteins involved structure, trans-synaptic signaling, pre-synaptic function. However, did not perturb levels astrocyte-derived cues adhesive promote synaptogenesis, suggesting reduced number may caused microglial-derived synaptogenic cue. Although observed electrophysiological changes were largely normalized adulthood, lasting effects threat avoidance behavior, these behavioral directly associated with neuronal activity. Together, results indicate role regulating landscape developing establishing functional underlying adult repertoires.

Language: Английский

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Depressive-like symptoms induced by chronic low-dose exposure to radiation in mice were suppressed by fecal transplants from unexposed mice

Deleted Journal, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 2(1)

Published: March 25, 2025

Language: Английский

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Sexual dimorphism in neurobehavioural phenotype and gut microbial composition upon long-term exposure to structural analogues of bisphenol-A

Journal of Hazardous Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 476, P. 135178 - 135178

Published: July 11, 2024

Language: Английский

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Apocynin Prevents Cigarette Smoke-Induced Anxiety-Like Behavior and Preserves Microglial Profiles in Male Mice

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(7), P. 855 - 855

Published: July 16, 2024

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the third leading cause of death globally and primarily caused by cigarette smoking (CS). Neurocognitive comorbidities such as anxiety cognitive impairments are common among people with COPD. CS-induced lung inflammation oxidative stress may “spill-over” into systemic circulation, driving onset these comorbidities. We investigated whether a prophylactic treatment NADPH Oxidase 2 (NOX2) inhibitor, apocynin, could prevent neurocognitive impairments. Adult male BALB/c mice were exposed to CS (9 cigarettes/day, 5 days/week) or room air (sham) for 8 weeks co-administration apocynin (5 mg/kg, intraperitoneal injection once daily) vehicle (0.01% DMSO in saline). Following 7 exposure, underwent behavioral testing assess recognition spatial memory (novel object Y maze, respectively) anxiety-like behaviors (open field elevated plus maze). Mice then euthanized, blood, lungs, brains collected. Apocynin partially improved neutrophilia reversed (C-reactive protein) (malondialdehyde). exerted an anxiolytic effect CS-exposed mice, which was associated restored microglial profiles within amygdala hippocampus. Thus, targeting using can alleviate represent novel strategy managing COPD-related disorders.

Language: Английский

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The Comparative Effects Between Long‐Term and Short‐Term Treatment of Finasteride on Anxiety‐Like and Depression‐Like Behaviors in Early Senescent Male Rats

Journal of Neuroscience Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 102(10)

Published: Oct. 1, 2024

ABSTRACT This study aims to compare the efficacy of 5‐alpha‐reductase inhibitors (5ARIs) on anxiety and depression between long‐term short‐term treatment followed by withdrawal in d ‐galactose (Dgal)–induced senescent male rats. Thirty‐two, 8‐week‐old, Wistar rats were divided into two groups: control Dgal‐treated (150 mg/kg/day; subcutaneously) for 18 weeks. At week 13, subdivided three subgroups: (1) vehicle (DgV), (2) with 5ARIs, Finasteride 5 mg/kg/day, per oral 6 weeks (DgF), (3) 2 a 4‐week period (DgW). Anxiety assessed using elevated‐plus maze (EPM) splash test (ST). Blood was collected biochemical analysis. After euthanasia, brains removed examine brain inflammation, oxidative stress, neuroactive steroids, metabolites, markers. We found that DgV exhibited metabolic disturbance reduced preference index EPM, grooming duration ST. Increased neurotoxic along increased inflammation/oxidative microglia complexity observed Both therapeutic approaches improved parameters open arm EPM rats, while only DgF Our results indicate Fin reduces depression‐like anxiety‐like behaviors reducing senescent. In conclusion, 5ARIs is more effective alleviating than Dgal‐induced early

Language: Английский

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