Racial and ethnic disparities in longitudinal trajectories of cardiovascular risk factors in U.S. middle-aged and older adults

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 20(2), P. e0318419 - e0318419

Published: Feb. 7, 2025

Racial and ethnic disparities in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors are well-documented. However, racial differences the longitudinal changes among multiple CVD unknown. We used prospective cohort data of U.S. adults aged ≥50 2006-2016 Health Retirement Study. Group-based multi-trajectory models characterized age-related trajectories systolic blood pressure ([BP] mmHg), non-HDL cholesterol (mg/dL), diabetes mellitus (DM), smoking. profiles were examined using multinomial logistic regression. Karlson-Holm-Breen methods to assess contributing these associations. Among 10,292 participants (median age: 61), approximately 32% had an overall favorable profile factors. Compared with non-Hispanic White adults, Black more likely exhibit elevated BP high risks DM (relative ratio [RRR] = 3.36; 95% CI, 2.69-4.21; P < .001) low (RRR 3.23; 2.38-4.38; .001). Non-Hispanic also rates smoking without other co-occurring Hispanic most 1.74; 1.28-2.38; 1.90; 1.50-2.40; Education, income, country-of-origin significantly associated excess observed minority groups. Significant adults. Social determinants largely contributed associations

Language: Английский

---

Protective effect of serum carotenoids on mortality among metabolic syndrome patients: attenuated by lipid-lowering drugs

Nutrition Journal, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 24(1)

Published: Feb. 19, 2025

Limited evidence exists about the relationship between serum carotenoid and mortality in metabolic syndrome (MetS) patients, effects of medication use on this association remains unclear. The study encompassed 2,521 MetS patients from National Health Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2001–2006 2017–2018. A total 7 carotenoids were evaluated. Death data sourced Index, with causes assessed using ICD-10 codes. Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) random survival forest (RSF) utilized to investigate mixture identify key carotenoids. "Qgcompint" R package was used explore modifying use. levels at baseline ranged 0.04 1.37 µmol/L. During a follow-up 15.1 years, there 696 deaths (27.61%), 247 (35.49%) by cardiovascular disease (CVD), 148 (21.26%) cancer, 301 (43.25%) other diseases. Individual combined negatively associated all-cause (HR range:0.70–0.88, 95%CI range:0.56–0.99, all P < 0.05). α-carotene (VIMP = 0.223 RSF) lutein/zeaxanthin (PIP 1.000 BKMR) emerged as greatest contributors mortality. Lipid-lowering drugs attenuate negative effect patients' (Pint 0.014). present identified protective which probably weakened lipid-lowering drugs. Early dietary interventions for taking drugs, particularly those rich like lutein/zeaxanthin, could help reduce

Language: Английский

---

Demographic and regional trends of acute myocardial infarction-related mortality among young adults in the US, 1999–2020

Deleted Journal, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 2(1)

Published: March 4, 2025

Abstract Little is known about how acute myocardial infarction (AMI) mortality has changed over the past two decades in young US adults. We aimed to evaluate AMI trend among adults from 1999 2020. Data were extracted Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-Ranging Online Epidemiologic Research (CDC WONDER) database. Young aged 15–44 years with listed as a contributing or underlying cause of death included. Joinpoint regression was used estimate annual percent changes (APCs) average percentage (AAPCs) AMI-related age-adjusted rates (AAMRs). There 81,272 deaths The overall AAMR shows stable 2003 (APC 0.2%); steeper decrease 2009 -4.2%); steady 2018 -1.8%); significant increase 2020 7.3%); an AAPC -1.3% per year (95% CI -2.0% -0.5%). significantly decreased men (AAPC -1.5%; 95% -2.2% -0.7%), women -1.0%; -2.4% -0.4%), non-Hispanic White -1.9%; -2.6% -1.1%), African American -1.2%; -1.8% -0.6%). Across all geographical regions, declined, most large metropolitan areas -1.8%; -2.7% -0.8%). In conclusion, mostly declined 2020, demographic geographic variation.

Language: Английский

---

The influence of FADS genetic variation and omega-3 fatty acid deficiency on cardiometabolic disease risk in a Mexican American population

Frontiers in Nutrition, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: March 10, 2025

Background Latinos, the largest racial/ethnic minority group in United States, have high rates of cardiometabolic diseases, hypothesized due part to genetic variation fatty acid desaturase ( FADS ) cluster that is associated with reduced omega-3 (n-3) highly unsaturated (HUFA) biosynthesis. This study examined how variations and other HUFA pathway-related genes ELOVL5 ELOVL2 impact disease risk factors Latinos Mexican Ancestry (LMA). Results analyzed 493 self-identified LMA from Arizona Insulin Resistance registry (AIR) found a marked enrichment alleles linked ancestral haplotype (AH) compared European Americans. individuals two AH produced markedly lower levels n-6 n-3 HUFAs. However, this was more pronounced HUFAs, eicosapentaenoic (EPA) docosahexaenoic (DHA), where arachidonic (ARA) EPA DHA ratios were 30:1 5:1, respectively, circulating &lt;5 ng/mL. Importantly, both ELOVL2/5 regions also strongly several (CMD) markers, presence corresponding 45, 33, 41% increase fasting insulin, triglyceride HOMA-IR, respectively. Conclusion reveals potential genetically influenced regulation deficiency on within LMA. These insights provide strong rationale for future studies clinical trials focus supplementation mitigate CMD disparities populations.

Language: Английский

---

Harnessing Electronic Health Records and Artificial Intelligence for Enhanced Cardiovascular Risk Prediction: A Comprehensive Review

Journal of the American Heart Association, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 13, 2025

Electronic health records (EHR) have revolutionized cardiovascular disease (CVD) research by enabling comprehensive, large‐scale, and dynamic data collection. Integrating EHR with advanced analytical methods, including artificial intelligence (AI), transforms CVD risk prediction management methodologies. This review examines the advancements challenges of using in developing models, covering traditional AI‐based approaches. While EHR‐based has greatly improved, moving from models that integrate real‐world on medication use imaging, persist regarding quality, standardization across care systems, geographic variability. The complexity requires sophisticated computational methods multidisciplinary approaches for effective modeling. AI's deep learning enhances performance but faces limitations interpretability need validation recalibration diverse populations. future increasingly depends AI technologies effectively. Addressing quality issues overcoming retrospective analysis are critical improving reliability applicability models. multidimensional data, environmental, lifestyle, social, genomic factors, could significantly enhance assessment. These require continuous to ensure their adaptability populations evolving environments, providing reassurance about reliability.

Language: Английский

---

Evolving Concepts in Cardiometabolic Risk: A Review of Recent Evidence

Research in Cardiovascular Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(1), P. 15 - 25

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Abstract Although traditional methods of assessing cardiometabolic risk have focused on a few factors, new research is showing the importance broader range factors. These include chronic inflammation, gut microbiome composition, and sleep disturbances, among others. In addition, environmental factors socioeconomic disparities play role. By incorporating both conventional emerging into personalized assessment, we can better understand address multifaceted nature risk. This approach will help improve individual community health outcomes. The development diagnostic tools, calculators, treatment plans an exciting step forward in our understanding embracing this expanded knowledge, work toward healthier future for everyone.

Language: Английский

---

Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Cardiotoxicity in Patients With Cancer Treated With Anthracyclines

Journal of the American Heart Association, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 19, 2025

Background Cardiotoxicity in patients with cancer treated anthracyclines is associated increased morbidity and mortality. We aimed to examine the incidence of risk factors for cardiotoxicity a racially ethnically diverse cohort anthracyclines. Methods included consecutive adult who underwent anthracycline‐based chemotherapy from 2016 2019 any type cancer. The end point was development (defined as clinical heart failure or drop left ventricular ejection fraction ≥10% ≤50%). Results A total 743 individuals were (28.0% Non‐Hispanic [NH] White, 30.5% NH Black, 38.5% Hispanic, 3.0% Asian). Hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, obesity, low socioeconomic status more common Black Hispanic individuals. During median follow‐up 21 months, 98 (13.2%) developed cardiotoxicity. significantly higher (16.3%), (14.7%) Asian (18.2%) than White (7.2%) ( P =0.024). After adjusting cardiovascular factors, score, anthracycline dose, baseline fraction, type, being (hazard ratio [HR], 2.62 [95% CI, 1.23–5.56]) (HR, 2.37 1.11–5.07]) independently had greater decline compared counterparts. associations between characteristics incident similar across different racial ethnic groups. Conclusions In large retrospective multiracial anthracyclines, an their

Language: Английский

---

Distinct medical and substance use histories associate with cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease

Alzheimer s & Dementia, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 21(3)

Published: March 1, 2025

Phenotype clustering reduces patient heterogeneity and could be useful when designing precision clinical trials. We hypothesized that the onset of early cognitive decline in patients would exhibit variance predicated on history documented prior to an Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis. Self-reported medical substance use (i.e., problem history) was used cluster participants from National Coordinating Center (NACC) into distinct subtypes. Linear mixed effects modeling determine effect subtype over 2 years. Two thousand seven hundred fifty-four individuals were partitioned three subtypes: minimal (n = 1380), 1038), cardiovascular 336). The had significantly worse a year follow-up period (p 0.013). Our study highlights need account for reduce outcomes AD Clinical data identify subtypes with dataset. Three found: minimal, use, cardiovascular. mean change Dementia Rating Sum Boxes (CDR-SB) assessed follow-up. associated worst decline. magnitude CDR-SB similar recent

Language: Английский

---

Ethnic variations in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and associations with prevalent CVD and CVD mortality in the United States

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 20(3), P. e0319617 - e0319617

Published: March 26, 2025

Objective To explore the association between ethnicity and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, including physical inactivity, obesity, hypertension, type 2 diabetes (T2D), lack of health insurance low family income in a nationally representative sample U.S. adults. Research design methods Adults from National Health Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 2011-2020, n = 17,355) were classified as having CVD factors based on both self-reported metabolic data. Ethnic differences how these relate to prevalent mortality was examined Whites, Blacks, Asians Hispanics. Results Compared significant disparities noted several ethnic minorities, such lower PA, income, more factors. Blacks Hispanics commonly had higher compared Whites even after adjusting for Physical inactivity most strongly associated with among Blacks. There no inverse risk, but greatest elevated mortality. Hypertension T2D similarly related across groups, hypertension or at greater Whites. Conclusion Our study identified that socioeconomic may differently outcomes minority groups United States. Addressing warrants further investigation.

Language: Английский

---

Technological Interventions to Address Cardiovascular Health Disparities Impacting Racial Minorities: Opportunities and Challenges

Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

---