2024 Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics: A Report of US and Global Data From the American Heart Association

Circulation, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 149(8)

Published: Jan. 24, 2024

BACKGROUND: The American Heart Association (AHA), in conjunction with the National Institutes of Health, annually reports most up-to-date statistics related to heart disease, stroke, and cardiovascular risk factors, including core health behaviors (smoking, physical activity, nutrition, sleep, obesity) factors (cholesterol, blood pressure, glucose control, metabolic syndrome) that contribute health. AHA Disease Stroke Statistical Update presents latest data on a range major clinical circulatory disease conditions (including brain health, complications pregnancy, kidney congenital rhythm disorders, sudden cardiac arrest, subclinical atherosclerosis, coronary cardiomyopathy, failure, valvular venous thromboembolism, peripheral artery disease) associated outcomes quality care, procedures, economic costs). METHODS: AHA, through its Epidemiology Prevention Statistics Committee, continuously monitors evaluates sources stroke United States globally provide current information available annual review published literature year before writing. 2024 is product full year’s worth effort 2023 by dedicated volunteer clinicians scientists, committed government professionals, staff members. strives further understand help heal problems inflicted structural racism, public crisis can significantly damage mental perpetuate disparities access education, income, housing, several other vital healthy lives. This edition includes additional global data, as well monitoring benefits population, an enhanced focus equity across key domains. RESULTS: Each chapters focuses different topic statistics. CONCLUSIONS: represents critical resource for lay public, policymakers, media clinicians, care administrators, researchers, advocates, others seeking best these conditions.

Language: Английский

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Dementia prevention, intervention, and care: 2024 report of the Lancet standing Commission

The Lancet, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 404(10452), P. 572 - 628

Published: July 31, 2024

Language: Английский

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Investigating the nexus of metabolic syndrome, serum uric acid, and dementia risk: a prospective cohort study

BMC Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: March 13, 2024

Abstract Background The global dementia prevalence is surging, necessitating research into contributing factors. We aimed to investigate the association between metabolic syndrome (MetS), its components, serum uric acid (SUA) levels, and risk. Methods Our prospective study comprised 466,788 participants without pre-existing MetS from UK Biobank. confirmed diagnoses based on ICD-10 criteria (F00-03). To evaluate risk concerning MetS, SUA we applied Cox proportional hazards models, while adjusting for demographic Results Over a median follow-up of 12.7 years, identified 6845 cases. Individuals with had 25% higher all-cause (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.25, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.19–1.31). increased number components including central obesity, dyslipidemia high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, hypertension, hyperglycemia, triglycerides. Particularly those all five (HR 1.76, CI 1.51–2.04). Dyslipidemia HDL triglycerides were independently associated elevated ( p < 0.01). was further linked an (11%) vascular (VD, 50%) among individuals levels exceeding 400 μmol/L (all-cause dementia: HR 1.11, 1.02–1.21; VD: 1.50, 1.28–1.77). Conclusions provides robust evidence supporting These findings emphasize importance considering in assessing risk, offering valuable insights prevention management strategies.

Language: Английский

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Economic Implications of Off‐Road Cycle Lanes to Increase Physical Activity and Reduce Sex and Gender Differences in the Risk of Dementia

International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 40(3)

Published: March 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Background Dementia represents one of the greatest global health challenges. There are known risk factors that might prevent or delay nearly 50% different types dementia. substantial differences in and progression dementia between women men, including engagement regular physical activity. The study aimed to quantify impact increasing women's participation activity with off‐road cycles its effect on incidence, relative men associated social care costs. Methods Our employed a population model secondary data analysis approach investigate potential economic implementing off‐cycle lanes UK. Data were drawn from published evidence lifetime for UK population, levels UK, effectiveness cycle level women, costs Two scenarios compared, assuming an increase baseline cycling 40.3% 114% by 36.4% 77% respectively. Sensitivity was conducted account variations key variables. Results Current related estimated at £1090.1 billion, total £3326.1 billion. Under Scenario 1, decreased £4.7 £0.11 In 2, £7.0 £1.9 Conclusion Off‐road lanes, especially this type structural lifestyle intervention has bring benefits. Increased not only provides numerous benefits, but also contributes preventing onset

Language: Английский

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Alzheimer disease seen through the lens of sex and gender

Nature Reviews Neurology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 14, 2025

Language: Английский

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Predictive Models for the Transition from Mild Neurocognitive Disorder to Major Neurocognitive Disorder: Insights from Clinical, Demographic, and Neuropsychological Data

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(6), P. 1232 - 1232

Published: June 1, 2024

Neurocognitive disorders (NCDs) are progressive conditions that severely impact cognitive function and daily living. Understanding the transition from mild to major NCD is crucial for personalized early intervention effective management. Predictive models incorporating demographic variables, clinical data, scores on neuropsychological emotional tests can significantly enhance detection strategies in primary healthcare settings. We aimed develop validate predictive progression using demographic, clinical, data 132 participants over a two-year period. Generalized Estimating Equations were employed analysis. Our final model achieved an accuracy of 83.7%. A higher body mass index alcohol drinking increased risk NCD, while female sex, praxis abilities, score Geriatric Depression Scale reduced risk. Here, we show integrating multiple factors—ones be easily examined settings—into improve diagnosis NCD. This approach could facilitate timely interventions, potentially mitigating decline improving patient outcomes Further research should focus validating these across diverse populations exploring their implementation various contexts.

Language: Английский

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Food insecurity and dementia risk in US older adults: Evidence from the 2013-2021 Panel Study of Income Dynamics

The Journals of Gerontology Series B, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 79(11)

Published: Sept. 7, 2024

Abstract Objectives Growing research suggests that food insecurity is associated with worse cognitive functioning; however, prospective studies are needed to examine and dementia risk. Using longitudinal nationally representative data, we examined the effects of on risk among older adults. Methods Data were from 3,232 adults (≥65 years) Panel Study Income Dynamics. Food was assessed biennially using U.S. Household Security Survey Module 2015 2019. Probable Eight-Item Interview Differentiate Aging Dementia 2017 2021. Inverse probability weighting marginal structural models used account for time-varying nature sociodemographic health confounders. Results After accounting baseline covariates, there a 2-fold higher association between probable (odds ratio 2.11, 95% confidence interval: 1.12–3.98). The results robust expanding exposure include security outcome informant-reported memory loss. Furthermore, no evidence heterogeneity in by sex, race, ethnicity, or participation Supplemental Nutrition Assistance program. Discussion modifiable social determinant health. Interventions policies reduce promote healthy aging

Language: Английский

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Hormone Replacement Therapy and Alzheimer’s Disease: Current State of Knowledge and Implications for Clinical Use

Journal of Alzheimer s Disease, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 101(s1), P. S235 - S261

Published: Oct. 10, 2024

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder responsible for over half of dementia cases, with two-thirds being women. Growing evidence from preclinical and clinical studies underscores the significance sex-specific biological mechanisms in shaping AD risk. While older age greatest risk factor AD, other distinct increase progression women including sex hormones, brain structural differences, genetic background, immunomodulation vascular disorders. Research indicates correlation between declining estrogen levels during menopause an increased developing highlighting possible link pathogenesis. The neuroprotective effects vary treatment initiation, stage, type. This review assesses observational conducted women, examining influence on cognitive function or addressing ongoing question regarding potential use hormone replacement therapy (HRT) as preventive therapeutic option AD. covers recent literature discusses working hypothesis, current use, controversies challenges HRT preventing treating age-related decline available that plays significant role influencing risk, demonstrating both beneficial detrimental HRT. Recommendations usage should carefully consider when hormonal supplementation initiated, baseline characteristics such genotype cardiovascular health, duration until this approach can be more thoroughly investigated progress development alternative treatments made.

Language: Английский

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Prevalence of Dementia among Patients Hospitalized with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Spain, 2011–2020: Sex-Related Disparities and Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 20(6), P. 4923 - 4923

Published: March 10, 2023

(1) Background: To assess changes in the prevalence of dementia among patients hospitalized with type 2 diabetes (T2DM), to analyze effects on in-hospital mortality (IHM) this population, evaluate sex differences, and determine impact COVID-19 pandemic these parameters. (2) Methods: We used a nationwide discharge database select all T2DM aged 60 years or over admitted Spanish hospitals from 2011 2020. identified those all-cause dementia, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), vascular (VaD). The effect sex, age, comorbidity, subtypes IHM was assessed using multivariable logistic regression. (3) Results: 5,250,810 hospitalizations T2DM. All-cause detected 8.31%, AD 3.00%, VaD 1.55%. increased significantly time. After adjustment, higher values were observed women for (OR 1.34; 95% CI 1.33–1.35), 1.6; 1.58–1.62), 1.12; 1.11–1.14). However, female protective factor 0.90; 0.89–0.91), 0.89; 0.86–0.91), 0.95; 0.91–0.99). remained stable time, until 2020, when it significantly. Higher greater associated subtypes. (4) Conclusions: (all-cause, AD, VaD) men time; however, significantly, probably because pandemic. is than men, although IHM.

Language: Английский

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Gendered life courses and cognitive functioning in later life: the role of context-specific gender norms and lifetime employment

European Journal of Ageing, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 20(1)

Published: March 30, 2023

With increasing life expectancy, dementia poses an epidemiological challenge. As a cure has not been developed, the investigation into preventive factors becomes pivotal. Previous research emphasizes cognitively stimulating and socio-emotional benefits of lifetime employment, but on heterogeneous patterns across social groups societal contexts remains sparse. Sociological approaches have promising potential to provide insights health inequalities can contribute study this major We investigate influence previous employment biographies cognitive functioning for men women aged 50 75 in 19 European countries, using longitudinal retrospective information from Survey Health, Ageing Retirement Europe. link individual contextual measures gender norms, aggregated agreement rates both men's women's role family. find that affects differently. Part-time is beneficial functioning, men's. Traditional norms are associated with lower levels genders moderate linkage between functioning. In more traditional part-time higher conclude non-employment participation can, depending characteristics individuals contexts, benefit or hinder life-course accumulation reserve, those norm-deviating behaviour disadvantaged.

Language: Английский

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