Covalent small-molecule inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro: Insights into their design, classification, biological activity, and binding interactions

European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 277, P. 116704 - 116704

Published: Aug. 8, 2024

Language: Английский

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Investigating the pre- and post-COVID-19 vaccination infection status of Iranian dental students: a cross-sectional study

Egyptian Journal of Bronchology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 19(1)

Published: Jan. 9, 2025

Abstract Background Dental students face a potential risk of COVID-19 exposure due to close patient contact and aerosol-generating procedures. This study explores the frequency infection among Iranian dental in 2022 following different vaccination doses. Methods A cross-sectional was used collect self-reported status. total 261 volunteered participate study. 252 valid forms were gathered, with response rate 96.55%. Data analysis performed using descriptive statistics, mean standard deviation, chi-square Fisher exact tests by Spss17 (Chicago, USA) software. Results The significantly decreased after first third doses vaccination. not very first, second, vaccine according type vaccine. Despite no significant difference rates between genders, years, or types (excluding AstraZeneca), participants who received AstraZeneca experienced more serious side effects compared those other vaccines. Conclusion Vaccination appeared reduce may have duration There based on received. Further research is needed investigate long-term effectiveness

Language: Английский

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Post-pandemic insights on COVID-19 and premature ovarian insufficiency

Open Life Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 20(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

The COVID-19 pandemic has raised concerns regarding its potential impact on premature ovarian insufficiency (POI). This overview examines the possible interactions between and POI, while also suggesting preventive measures. viral infection's inflammatory response immune dysregulation may adversely affect tissues, leading to inflammation damage. Additionally, alterations in vascular function could impair blood flow hormonal imbalances disrupt normal function. Long-term health effects, such as "long COVID," exacerbate these issues through chronic dysfunction. Public measures, vaccination home isolation, indirectly protect by reducing systemic inflammation. Vaccines mitigate severity of COVID-19's function, isolation reduce stress However, further research is needed validate mechanisms.

Language: Английский

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Report on adverse events of COVID-19 vaccines in Iran: a comprehensive national prospective longitudinal analysis

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: Feb. 14, 2025

Introduction The global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic necessitated urgent vaccine development, raising concerns about potential adverse events (AEs). Methods In this prospective cohort study, conducted from February 2021 to December 2022, all individuals across Iran who received any COVID-19 dose and reported were investigated. Our aim was evaluate these AEs based on the types, patients’ age types of AES, provide a comprehensive analysis. Results Iran, 155 million doses administered, with Covilo (Sinopharm) being most commonly administered (80.35%). Adverse predominantly affected aged 40-70 (45%). A total 86,275 recorded, 92.7% classified as non-serious 6 299 (7.3%) serious among cases, 279 confirmed be vaccine-related, 46 resulting in fatalities 233 requiring hospitalizations. incidence 0.41 per 10,000 doses. Serious more frequently associated Sputnik V Vaxzevria (AstraZeneca), 0.73 0.64 cases injections, respectively. Coagulation thrombosis disorders common (29%), followed by neurological (24.7%) cardiovascular (15.8%). Discussion conclusion, vaccination primarily mild transient, while remained exceptionally rare.

Language: Английский

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Self‐Reported Adverse Events Following COVID‐19 Vaccination Among Medical Sciences Students After a Symptomatology Training Program: A Cross‐Sectional Study

Health Science Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 8(3)

Published: March 1, 2025

Accurate and transparent investigation of adverse events (AEs) following COVID-19 vaccination enhances social trust confidence in programs. This study aimed to assess the prevalence vaccination-related AEs among medical sciences students. In this cross-sectional study, a self-administered survey via Google Forms was conducted evaluate associated with AZD1222 (Oxford-AstraZeneca) BBIBP-CorV (Sinopharm) vaccines Data were collected participation training program focused on symptomatology AEs, which designed reduce confirmation bias. A total 263 students from North Khorasan University Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran, participated data collection occurring August 8 September 1, 2021. The median age population 23 years (IQR: 22-24), 207 participants being female (78.7%). Following first dose, significantly more common Oxford-AstraZeneca group compared Sinopharm [OR 12.93 (5.57-30.03), p < 0.001]. However, second there no significant difference between 1.45 (0.86-2.46), = 0.17]. Injection site pain, fever, body/muscle headache, feeling unwell, fatigue most both vaccines, variations doses. type vaccine sex only factors influencing AEs. Notably, odds experiencing higher women men. findings indicated that for vaccine. Further research is necessary explore impact utilizing standardized definitions terminology ensuring accurate consistent reporting.

Language: Английский

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The impact of the mRNA COVID-19 vaccine on the Th-like cytokine profile in individuals with no history of COVID-19: insights into autoimmunity targeting heat shock proteins

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: March 14, 2025

Although some reports suggest that COVID-19 vaccination may exacerbate existing autoimmune diseases or trigger new-onset cases, a definitive causal relationship between the vaccines and these conditions has not been established. Several potential mechanisms have proposed to explain this association, including: (i) molecular mimicry, which refers structural similarity SARS-CoV-2 human antigens; (ii) bystander activation, involving both B T lymphocytes; (iii) effects of adjuvants. In study, we investigated whether two doses mRNA vaccine influenced blood cytokine levels associated with major helper cell populations, are known play significant role in autoimmunity revisited humoral response directed against heat shock proteins (Hsps) individuals no history COVID-19. While differences were found IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-22, IL-4, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17A, vaccinated unvaccinated people, several positive correlations observed serum circulating autoantibodies self-Hsps exclusively individuals. These findings does impact cytokines involved pathogenesis diseases. Further research is required evaluate safety patients conditions, particularly those whom anti-Hsps suspected contribute disease development.

Language: Английский

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Genome-wide association study of common side effects following COVID-19 booster vaccination in a cohort of corporate employees in Japan

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: April 13, 2025

Individual differences have been observed in side effects after vaccination for COVID-19, and host genetic factors suggested as a contributing factor. Here, we conducted genome-wide association study (GWAS) involving 2,554 Japanese corporate employees who received third booster dose of BNT162b2/Pfizer or mRNA-1273/Moderna vaccine. Although no significant was found the presence adverse symptoms, GWAS severity revealed six associated loci. The most between swelling lymph nodes chromosome 2q12 locus, including IL1RL1, IL18R1, IL18RAP genes (lead variant: rs76152249; P = 1.46 × 10-9). Pathway analysis associations immune pathways related to MHC HLA genes, occurrence fever, NF-κB binding pathway those itching at injection site. In addition, meta-analysis previous studies primary first second COVID-19 vaccine 818 variants from 72 loci that demonstrated with any 12 identified suggesting shared risks among vaccinations. These results may help control following vaccination.

Language: Английский

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Vaccine Strategies Against RNA Viruses: Current Advances and Future Directions

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(12), P. 1345 - 1345

Published: Nov. 28, 2024

The development of vaccines against RNA viruses has undergone a rapid evolution in recent years, particularly driven by the COVID-19 pandemic. This review examines key roles that viruses, with their high mutation rates and zoonotic potential, play fostering vaccine innovation. We also discuss both traditional modern platforms impact new technologies, such as artificial intelligence, on optimizing immunization strategies. evaluates various platforms, ranging from approaches (inactivated live-attenuated vaccines) to technologies (subunit vaccines, viral bacterial vectors, nucleic acid mRNA DNA, phage-like particle vaccines). To illustrate these platforms’ practical applications, we present case studies developed for SARS-CoV-2, influenza, Zika, dengue. Additionally, assess role intelligence predicting mutations enhancing design. underscore successful application RNA-based fight COVID-19, which saved millions lives. Current clinical trials dengue continue show promise, highlighting growing efficacy adaptability platforms. Furthermore, is driving improvements candidate optimization providing predictive models evolution, our ability respond future outbreaks. Advances technology, success highlight potential combating viruses. Ongoing demonstrate platform adaptability, while enhances design mutations. Integrating innovations One Health approach, unites human, animal, environmental health, essential strengthening global preparedness virus threats.

Language: Английский

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Post COVID-19 mucormycosis in critical care settings: A prospective cohort study in a tertiary care center in Egypt

Journal of Infection and Public Health, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 17(10), P. 102523 - 102523

Published: Aug. 23, 2024

The emergence of mucormycosis as a life-threatening fungal infection after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is major concern and challenge, but there limited information on risk factors for mortality in patients. We conducted prospective cohort study from May 2021 to April 2022 determine in-hospital outcomes post-COVID-19 during intensive care unit (ICU) stay. sample was collected consecutive sampling using all accessible patients period. Statistical Package Social Sciences (SPSS), version 25 (IBM, Chicago, Illinois, USA) used statistical analysis. Among 150 with mucormycosis, majority had primary sinus (86.0 %), while 11.3 % both ocular infections, 2.7 cutaneous infections. Around 21 (n = 31) deceased staying ICU median (range) 45.0 (10.0-145.0) days. who pneumonia patches computed tomography (CT) (90.3 %) none were discharged (p < 0.001). group higher rates pulmonary embolism (93.5 compared surviving groups (21.8 %). In multivariate Cox regression analysis, death older above 60 years old (hazard ratio (95 %CI): 6.7 (1.73-15.81)), increase among patient history steroid administration 5.70 (1.23-10.91)), facial 8.76 (1.78-25.18)), uncontrolled diabetes 10.76 (1.78, 65.18)), total leukocytic count (TLC>10 ×103 mcL) 10.03 (3.29-30.61)). Identifying high-risk especially diabetic corticosteroid detecting their deterioration quickly crucial reducing rates, these must be considered when developing treatment quarantine strategies.

Language: Английский

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Risk of Seizure Aggravation after COVID-19 Vaccinations in Patients with Epilepsy

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(6), P. 593 - 593

Published: May 30, 2024

Although Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccinations are generally recommended for persons with epilepsy (PwE), a significant vaccination gap remains due to patient concerns over the risk of post-vaccination seizure aggravation (PVSA). In this single-centre, retrospective cohort study, we aimed determine early (7-day) and delayed (30-day) PVSA, identify clinical predictors PVSA among PwE. Adult patients aged ≥18 years without history COVID-19 infection were recruited from specialty clinic in 2022. Demographic, characteristics, data extracted centralized electronic record. Seizure frequency before after vaccination, vaccination-related adverse effects, reasons or against obtained by structured questionnaire. A total 786 PwEs included, which 27.0% drug-resistant. At time recruitment, 74.6% had at least 1 dose vaccine. Subjects higher (p < 0.0005), on more anti-seizure medications = 0.004), drug-resistant 0.001) less likely be vaccinated. No increase was observed (7 days) phases (30 our cohort. On contrary, there an overall reduction 30 days (1.31 vs. 1.89, t 3.436; p 0.001). This difference seen both types vaccine (BNT162b2 CoronaVac) epilepsy, but just missed significance second (1.13 1.87, 1.921; 0.055). Only 5.3% either Higher pre-vaccination ≥1 per week (OR 3.01, 95% CI 1.05–8.62; 0.04) status 3.32, 1.45–249 7.61; 0.005) predictive PVSA. Meanwhile, freedom 3 months independently associated lower 0.11, 0.04–0.28; 0.0005). may guide treatment strategies achieve better control prior vaccination. As shifts endemic phase, study provides important demonstrating safety Identification high-risk subsequent individualized approaches monitoring alleviate hesitancy

Language: Английский

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