Symptoms during initiation of a ketogenic diet: a scoping review of occurrence rates, mechanisms and relief strategies

Frontiers in Nutrition, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: March 26, 2025

Background Evidence for the clinical utility of ketogenic diets (KD) is mounting. The transition to a KD (keto-induction) can however trigger unpleasant transient symptoms (≪keto-flu≫) which may deter continued adherence. Knowledge strategies that mitigate during keto-induction facilitate adoption KD. Aim We aimed perform scoping review available scientific literature with regards symptom occurrence rates, possible mechanisms and proposed interventions relief keto-induction. Methods Embase, Medline Web Science electronic databases were searched systematically using terms associated in conjunction capturing adverse effects. In addition, additional relevant studies retrieved from identified articles' references. Results on highly heterogenous, but common are reported across multiple populations, including descriptions “keto-flu,” nausea, emesis, reduced appetite, hypoglycaemia, acidosis, increased risk kidney stones, altered liver biochemistry, skin rash. Mechanisms have been based general insights into physiology, few empirically tested. However, approaches reduce keto-initiation reported, avoidance traditionally used fasted initiation supplementation medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) ketone salts. There physiological rationale electrolytes esters, lack documenting their effect. Conclusion Several keto-induction, although limited number directly examined them, or alleviation. Further research warranted close knowledge gaps highlighted this review.

Language: Английский

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Engineered Lactobacillus rhamnosus Producing 3‐Hydroxybutyrate: A Dual‐Action Therapeutic Strategy for Colon Cancer Cachexia

Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 8, 2025

3-hydroxybutyrate (3-HB), an essential endogenous metabolite, shows significant therapeutic potential in several disease contexts. However, its clinical application has been hampered by limitations, such as adverse effects on the gut microbiota. This study introduces a genetically engineered strain of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGGK) that integrates benefits 3-HB production with probiotic properties LGG. Using murine colon cancer cachexia (CAC) model, LGGK supplementation significantly improved survival, reduced tumor progression, and alleviated muscle wasting. restored microbial diversity, increased abundance beneficial bacteria, short-chain fatty acids while reducing harmful populations. In addition, demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects, effectively elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines serum skeletal muscle. These findings highlight dual-action approach utilizes metabolic gut-modulating innovation offers promising strategy for treatment CAC potentially other inflammatory disorders, highlights probiotics advanced applications.

Language: Английский

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The ketogenic diet and metabolic treatments for neuropsychiatric disorders

BJPsych Open, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 11(3)

Published: May 1, 2025

The ketogenic diet, initially developed for epilepsy treatment, has gained attention as a potential intervention neuropsychiatric disorders. A groundbreaking study by Campbell et al highlights its feasibility and efficacy in bipolar disorder, shedding light on shared mechanisms across disorders the promise of metabolic treatment approaches.

Language: Английский

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Ketogenic diet and β-hydroxybutyrate inhibit HDAC1 to preserve vascular smooth muscle cell function in thoracic aortic aneurysm

Journal of Advanced Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 1, 2025

Thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) is a serious condition characterized by dilation of the thoracic aorta, often leading to dissection or rupture. Current treatments involve surgical and pharmacological interventions do not effectively address underlying molecular mechanisms. This study explores effects ketogenic diet (KD) on TAA, focusing histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) function. A β-aminopropionitrile monofumarate (BAPN)-induced TAA mouse model was used. Mice were divided into groups receiving either standard KD. Additionally, β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), KD-derived ketone body, parthenolide ITSA-1 administered. The measured survival rates, dilation, elastin degradation, VSMC contractile markers, mitochondrial function, oxidative stress levels. KD significantly improved rates reduced degradation in model. BHB also mitigated development, demonstrating similar protective effects. particularly effective preserving function maintaining phenotype restoring marker expression. addition HDAC1 inhibitor HDAC agonist further evaluated against damage. Our reveals important roles regulating HDAC1, phenotype, reducing TAA. findings demonstrate as promising therapeutic strategies for treating targeting specific pathways involved its progression. highlights significance innovation lifestyle interventions, such KD, mitigating addressing

Language: Английский

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Lipoprotein(a) and Effects of Diet: Time for Reassessment

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(10), P. 1714 - 1714

Published: May 19, 2025

Dietary modification is a critical tool in the prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD). While role saturated fat (SFA) intake well established affecting LDL cholesterol concentrations, diet impacts on lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) have been less studied. Lp(a) prevalent, strong, and highly heritable risk factor for CVD therapeutic target management. significant insights made into genetic regulation Lp(a), our understanding any metabolic impact by other factors, including diets, limited. For many years, was not considered to be subject dietary regulation, but there now clear evidence impact, particular variability SFA intake, concentrations. The present narrative review aims provide an updated view moving beyond studies testing effect reducing include new from clinical trials increased sugar ketogenic diets. In addition describing opposite with rise during reduced this also provides data apolipoprotein(a) size polymorphism, major regulator Beyond extent which might Lp(a)’s molecular properties its lipidomic composition remains unknown. Taken together, shows presence modulation control points need better understand properties, metabolomics/lipidomics characteristics. This raises issue whether should component elevated management, needs addressed future studies.

Language: Английский

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