Exploring the Hydrochemical Characteristics and Controlling Processes of Groundwater in Agricultural Lower Reaches of a Typical Arid Watershed on Tibetan Plateau

Sustainability, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(5), P. 2117 - 2117

Published: Feb. 28, 2025

Groundwater is crucial for domestic, agricultural, and ecological uses, particularly in the lower reaches of arid basins, where its quality often limits availability. A total 26 phreatic groundwater samples were collected from a typical endorheic watershed on Tibetan Plateau to assess hydrochemical characteristics inland watersheds. The characteristics, quality, formation mechanisms analyzed using Entropy-Weight Water Quality Index (EWQI), irrigation water indexes (such as sodium adsorption ratio, soluble percentage, permeability index), diagrams, correlation analysis. findings indicate that slightly alkaline, with substantial TDS variation 252.58 1810.41 mg/L. predominantly characterized by fresh facies HCO3-Ca HCO3-Na types, few saline Cl-Na types present. concentrations NO3−, NO2− NH4+, range 0.32 100.00 mg/L, 0.00 0.48 0.20 respectively, 3.59%, 26.92%, 7.69% exceeding permissible drinking recommended Chinese guideline World Health Organization. classified at 80.8% sampling sites brackish 19.2%. Approximately 96.2% sampled groundwaters rated excellent medium according EWQI assessments, suitable domestic use, while 3.8% extremely poor should be avoided direct consumption. all agricultural does not pose hazards soil. Most are long-term terms hazards, only 7.7% falling into “Permissible Doubtful” “Doubtful Unsuitable” categories, respectively. Salinity poses primary threat irrigation, 38.5%, 53.8%, exhibiting moderate, high, very high salinity risks, chemistry primarily governed water-rock interaction evaporation, additional impacts inputs nitrogen contaminants chemicals. Agricultural practices contribute elevated study area, natural evaporation drives accumulation parts. In managing utilizing resources area similar regions globally, attention paid caused activities well pollution farming.

Language: Английский

Hydrosphere Under the Driving of Human Activity and Climate Change: Status, Evolution, and Strategies

Sustainability, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(7), P. 3257 - 3257

Published: April 6, 2025

The hydrosphere is a foundational component of the Earth’s systems, sustaining biological processes, regulating environmental stability, and enabling socioeconomic development [...]

Language: Английский